diff --git a/custom_components/localthings/cloudcourse.py b/custom_components/localthings/cloudcourse.py
index 3780b18..3d4af4a 100644
--- a/custom_components/localthings/cloudcourse.py
+++ b/custom_components/localthings/cloudcourse.py
@@ -20,6 +20,13 @@ and the WA55A7700AV dump in ``tests/fixtures``, whose two-slot
 2. Blob width is *not* fixed across boards (20 bytes vs 16), which is one
 reason nothing here ever synthesizes one.
 
+This is not washer-only, and nothing here assumes an appliance type: the
+DW5000C dishwasher in ``tests/fixtures`` advertises four slots on the same
+token. It also carries no payload token at all, so a device can name
+programs whose payloads have never been observed -- ``advertised_slots``
+answers "which exist", the store answers "which are usable", and the two
+are deliberately allowed to disagree.
+
 What this module does and deliberately does not do
 --------------------------------------------------
 The device advertises *which* slots exist but never what any of them is
@@ -189,10 +196,13 @@ class CloudCourses:
         download, slots = _coerce(stored_record)
         self._download_course = download
         self._slots = slots
-        # Course codes seen while a one-time override was actually loaded --
+        # Course codes seen at the moment a one-time override was *loaded* --
         # candidates for "which course means Download on this board", pending
         # user confirmation (see download_candidates).
         self._candidates: dict[str, int] = {}
+        # Last one-time payload seen, so a load can be told from a poll that
+        # merely re-reports one. None means "nothing observed yet".
+        self._last_oneshot: str | None = None
 
     # -- learning ---------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -201,13 +211,20 @@ class CloudCourses:
 
         Two facts are learnable here. A blob is recorded against the slot its
         own byte 2 names, so a program only has to be sitting loaded once --
-        on either token -- to be replayable forever after. The Download course
-        code is only ever taken as a *candidate*: tokens in this array are
-        replaced by prefix and never evicted, so a stale
-        OneTimeCloudCourse_ can outlive the run it belonged to and be
-        reported alongside an unrelated local course. Confirming the code is
-        the user's call in the options flow -- a wrong one would write a real
-        wash cycle when someone picked a download program.
+        on either token -- to be replayable forever after.
+
+        The Download course code is only ever taken as a *candidate*, and
+        only at the moment the one-time payload actually *changes* to a
+        loaded value. That instant is the one the device is known to accept a
+        program on, so the course selected then is real evidence. Counting
+        every poll instead would rank by dwell time: tokens in this array are
+        replaced by prefix and never evicted, so a stale OneTimeCloudCourse_
+        outlives its run and sits there through however many polls the
+        appliance spends on some ordinary course afterwards -- which is
+        exactly the course that would then be suggested. A candidate is still
+        never applied without confirmation in the options flow, but a
+        confident wrong suggestion is most of the way to a wrong write, and a
+        wrong write here starts a real wash cycle.
         """
         options = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options")
         if not options:
@@ -231,8 +248,9 @@ class CloudCourses:
                     changed = True
             oneshot = option_value(options, ONESHOT_PREFIX)
             course = option_value(options, COURSE_PREFIX)
-            if course and is_loaded(oneshot):
+            if course and is_loaded(oneshot) and oneshot != self._last_oneshot:
                 self._candidates[course] = self._candidates.get(course, 0) + 1
+            self._last_oneshot = oneshot
         return changed
 
     # -- reads ------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -242,9 +260,9 @@ class CloudCourses:
             return self._download_course
 
     def download_candidates(self) -> list[str]:
-        """Course codes seen alongside a loaded one-time override, most
-        frequent first -- what the options flow offers as the likely Download
-        course. Never used for a write on its own."""
+        """Course codes seen at the moment a one-time program was loaded,
+        most-observed first -- what the options flow offers as the likely
+        Download course. Never used for a write on its own."""
         with self._lock:
             ranked = sorted(self._candidates.items(), key=lambda kv: (-kv[1], kv[0]))
         return [code for code, _ in ranked]
diff --git a/custom_components/localthings/config_flow.py b/custom_components/localthings/config_flow.py
index 8f8b519..b52f93f 100644
--- a/custom_components/localthings/config_flow.py
+++ b/custom_components/localthings/config_flow.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ from .const import (
 )
 from .learned import persist as learned_persist
 from .learned import stored as learned_stored
-from .registry.capabilities.laundry import cycle_options
+from .registry.capabilities.laundry import cycle_options, personal_course_labels
 from .registry.subdevices import MAIN
 
 _TEXT = TextSelector(TextSelectorConfig(type=TextSelectorType.TEXT))
@@ -967,17 +967,27 @@ class LocalThingsOptionsFlow(config_entries.OptionsFlow):
                 return {"base": "cloud_course_name_duplicate"}
             taken.add(name.casefold())
 
+        # Belt and braces over the selector's own custom_value=False: this
+        # value becomes the Course_ token of a real write, so it is checked
+        # against the appliance's own course list here too, where the store
+        # is actually updated.
+        course = user_input.get("download_course") or None
+        if course is not None and course not in cycle_options(coord.canonical_resources(MAIN)):
+            return {"base": "cloud_course_unknown_course"}
+
         for slot, name in names.items():
             coord.cloud_courses.set_name(slot, name)
-        coord.set_cloud_download_course(user_input.get("download_course") or None)
+        coord.set_cloud_download_course(course)
         return {}
 
     def _local_course_names(self, coord) -> set[str]:
-        """Translated display names of this appliance's own local courses.
+        """Display names of this appliance's own local courses.
 
-        Read through the same catalog the select renders from, so the check
-        matches what the user will actually see side by side in the dropdown.
-        An untranslated code has no display name to collide with.
+        Read through the same two sources the select renders from -- the
+        translation catalog, and the device's own personal-course labels
+        (laundry.washer_cycle_fallback) -- so the check matches what the user
+        will actually see side by side in the dropdown. A code neither source
+        names has no display name to collide with.
         """
         bound = next(
             (b for b in coord.bound if b.desc.key == "cycle" and b.href == cloudcourse.COURSE_HREF),
@@ -990,7 +1000,14 @@ class LocalThingsOptionsFlow(config_entries.OptionsFlow):
         if callable(key):
             key = key(resources)
         labels = translated_state_labels("select", key) if key else {}
-        return {labels[code.lower()] for code in cycle_options(resources) if code.lower() in labels}
+        personal = personal_course_labels(resources)
+        names = set()
+        for code in cycle_options(resources):
+            if (catalogued := labels.get(code.lower())) is not None:
+                names.add(catalogued)
+            if (own := personal.get(code.upper())) is not None:
+                names.add(own)
+        return names
 
     def _cloud_courses_form(
         self, coord, rep, known, advertised, errors: dict[str, str] | None = None
@@ -1007,7 +1024,10 @@ class LocalThingsOptionsFlow(config_entries.OptionsFlow):
 
         # Course codes this device actually offers, so the Download course
         # can only ever be set to one of them. Auto-detected candidates come
-        # first -- see CloudCourses.download_candidates.
+        # first -- see CloudCourses.download_candidates. custom_value stays
+        # off deliberately: whatever lands here becomes the Course_ token of a
+        # real write, and a typed-in code the appliance doesn't offer would
+        # start something nobody chose.
         available = cycle_options(coord.canonical_resources(MAIN))
         candidates = [c for c in store.download_candidates() if c in available]
         ordered = candidates + [c for c in available if c not in candidates]
@@ -1016,7 +1036,7 @@ class LocalThingsOptionsFlow(config_entries.OptionsFlow):
             SelectSelector(
                 SelectSelectorConfig(
                     options=ordered,
-                    custom_value=True,
+                    custom_value=False,
                     mode=SelectSelectorMode.DROPDOWN,
                 )
             )
diff --git a/custom_components/localthings/coordinator.py b/custom_components/localthings/coordinator.py
index 2977fbe..3121431 100644
--- a/custom_components/localthings/coordinator.py
+++ b/custom_components/localthings/coordinator.py
@@ -496,12 +496,22 @@ class LocalThingsCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator[dict[str, Any]]):
         has, so the gap between that and what's usable is knowable -- and
         it can only be closed by the user walking the appliance through its
         own Download list, which is exactly what a Repair is for.
+
+        Gated on having seen at least one payload, which is the only
+        available evidence that this household uses downloaded programs at
+        all. Without it, an appliance that merely advertises slots -- the
+        DW5000C fixture reports four and has never loaded any -- would carry
+        a permanent warning about a feature its owner may never touch, and
+        nothing they do in Home Assistant could clear it. Running one
+        downloaded program is what turns the nudge on, and naming them is
+        what turns it off.
         """
         issue_id = f"cloud_courses_{self._entry.entry_id}"
         rep = self.cloud_course_rep()
-        pending = cloudcourse.undiscovered(rep, self._cloud.snapshot())
-        needs_course = bool(cloudcourse.advertised_slots(rep)) and not self._cloud.download_course()
-        if pending or needs_course:
+        record = self._cloud.snapshot()
+        pending = cloudcourse.undiscovered(rep, record)
+        needs_course = bool(cloudcourse.advertised_slots(rep)) and not record["download_course"]
+        if record["slots"] and (pending or needs_course):
             ir.async_create_issue(
                 self.hass,
                 DOMAIN,
diff --git a/custom_components/localthings/registry/capabilities/laundry.py b/custom_components/localthings/registry/capabilities/laundry.py
index c66618f..19d69eb 100644
--- a/custom_components/localthings/registry/capabilities/laundry.py
+++ b/custom_components/localthings/registry/capabilities/laundry.py
@@ -335,12 +335,16 @@ def option_write(prefix, new_value):
 # receive.
 #
 # They ride in the cycle select rather than a select of their own because
-# that is what they are to a user -- on the appliance's own dial, "Download"
-# occupies one position among the ordinary courses, and picking a downloaded
-# program is picking a cycle. Their raw values are namespaced
+# that is what they are to a user -- on the appliance's own controls,
+# "Download" occupies one position among the ordinary courses, and picking a
+# downloaded program is picking a cycle. Their raw values are namespaced
 # ('cloud:<slot>') so they can never be confused with, or collide with, a
 # two-hex-char local course code.
 #
+# Bound by whichever families declare it. Washers are where this was worked
+# out, but a DW5000C dishwasher advertises the same token (see
+# cloudcourse.py), so nothing below is washer-specific.
+#
 # Confirmed on hardware before any of this was written (issue #342): writing
 # the program token alone, while some other course is selected, is silently
 # ignored -- the course token has to switch to Download in the *same* write.
diff --git a/custom_components/localthings/registry/redact.py b/custom_components/localthings/registry/redact.py
index 1ed8e47..e9fd5ca 100644
--- a/custom_components/localthings/registry/redact.py
+++ b/custom_components/localthings/registry/redact.py
@@ -39,6 +39,14 @@ _SENSITIVE_SUBSTRINGS = (
 _SENSITIVE_EXACT = frozenset({"di", "pi", "n"})
 
 
+# Fields this integration merges onto a rep for its own use, which the
+# device never reported (see coordinator.entity_resources). A diagnostics
+# dump is meant to be exactly what the appliance said, so these are dropped
+# rather than redacted -- keeping them would both misrepresent the device and
+# publish data the user typed (cloud program names are user-supplied).
+_SYNTHETIC_KEY_PREFIX = "x.localthings."
+
+
 def _is_sensitive_key(key: str) -> bool:
     lowered = key.lower()
     if lowered in _SENSITIVE_EXACT:
@@ -46,8 +54,29 @@ def _is_sensitive_key(key: str) -> bool:
     return any(s in lowered for s in _SENSITIVE_SUBSTRINGS)
 
 
+def strip_synthetic(resources):
+    """Drop this integration's own merged-in fields, leaving only what the
+    appliance actually reported.
+
+    Separate from redact_resources because the two answer different
+    questions: the debug read service wants the device's unredacted state
+    (serial and all -- that is the point of it) but still shouldn't present
+    our own bookkeeping as something the device said.
+    """
+    if isinstance(resources, dict):
+        return {
+            key: strip_synthetic(value)
+            for key, value in resources.items()
+            if not key.startswith(_SYNTHETIC_KEY_PREFIX)
+        }
+    if isinstance(resources, list):
+        return [strip_synthetic(item) for item in resources]
+    return resources
+
+
 def redact_resources(resources):
-    """Recursively redact dict values whose key matches a sensitive substring.
+    """Recursively redact dict values whose key matches a sensitive substring,
+    and drop this integration's own synthetic fields entirely.
 
     Works on the shape produced by parse_device0_batch (dict[href, rep]) or
     any nested dict/list structure within a rep.
@@ -56,6 +85,7 @@ def redact_resources(resources):
         return {
             key: (REDACTED if _is_sensitive_key(key) else redact_resources(value))
             for key, value in resources.items()
+            if not key.startswith(_SYNTHETIC_KEY_PREFIX)
         }
     if isinstance(resources, list):
         return [redact_resources(item) for item in resources]
diff --git a/custom_components/localthings/select.py b/custom_components/localthings/select.py
index 2ca918a..d405cd5 100644
--- a/custom_components/localthings/select.py
+++ b/custom_components/localthings/select.py
@@ -67,22 +67,29 @@ def _display(value, translation_key: str | None, fallback_fn=None):
     """
     if not isinstance(value, str):
         return value
+    # No state table for this key: either the entity isn't translated at all,
+    # or its name is translated but its options deliberately aren't (an
+    # unrecognized course table, say).
+    uncatalogued = False
     if translation_key:
         known = translated_states("select", translation_key)
         if not known:
-            # No state table for this key: either the entity isn't translated
-            # at all, or its name is translated but its options deliberately
-            # aren't (an unrecognized course table, say). Give an explicit
-            # device-specific fallback the opportunity to make an opaque value
-            # readable; otherwise the raw device value remains the best choice.
-            if fallback_fn is None:
-                return value
+            uncatalogued = True
         elif translated := _translation_state(value, known):
             return translated
     if fallback_fn is not None:
         fallback = fallback_fn(value)
         if fallback is not None:
             return fallback
+    if uncatalogued:
+        # Nothing could name this value: not the catalog, and not a
+        # device-specific fallback (either absent, or present and declining
+        # to label this one). The raw device value is the best choice --
+        # cosmetic reshaping below would only mangle an opaque code, turning
+        # a course '0E' into '0 E'. Keyed on the fallback's *result*, not on
+        # whether one was supplied: cycle_select always supplies one now, to
+        # label cloud programs, and it returns None for everything else.
+        return value
     if value.islower():
         return value.replace("_", " ").title()
     return _CAMEL_BOUNDARY_RE.sub(" ", value)
diff --git a/custom_components/localthings/services.py b/custom_components/localthings/services.py
index c124b9d..fa2c024 100644
--- a/custom_components/localthings/services.py
+++ b/custom_components/localthings/services.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from homeassistant.helpers import device_registry as dr
 
 from .const import DOMAIN, SERVICE_READ_RESOURCE, SERVICE_WRITE_RESOURCE
 from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator, normalize_href
+from .registry.redact import strip_synthetic
 from .registry.subdevices import MAIN, Subdevice
 
 ATTR_HREF = "href"
@@ -170,7 +171,13 @@ async def _async_read_resource(hass: HomeAssistant, call: ServiceCall) -> Servic
         # href: lets a user enumerate what exists without hammering the
         # device (see this module's docstring and the coordinator's
         # canonical_resources).
-        snapshot: dict[str, Any] = {"resources": coordinator.canonical_resources(subdevice)}
+        # Stripped, not redacted: this response is meant to be what the
+        # appliance reported (unredacted -- that is the point of a debug
+        # read), but canonical_resources also carries fields this integration
+        # merged on for its own use (see entity_resources).
+        snapshot: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "resources": strip_synthetic(coordinator.canonical_resources(subdevice))
+        }
         return cast(ServiceResponse, snapshot)
 
     # Same normalize-before-translate order as the write path above.
diff --git a/custom_components/localthings/translations/cs.json b/custom_components/localthings/translations/cs.json
index b6e5db2..7f158fe 100644
--- a/custom_components/localthings/translations/cs.json
+++ b/custom_components/localthings/translations/cs.json
@@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@
       },
       "cloud_courses": {
         "title": "Download cycles",
-        "description": "Your washer reports {total} downloaded cycle(s); {found} have been seen so far.\n\nThe appliance only reveals a downloaded cycle's settings while that cycle is actually loaded, and it never reports their names. To add the missing ones ({pending}): on the appliance, select the Download cycle and turn the dial through each downloaded program, pausing a few seconds on each, then come back here.\n\nGive each one the name you want to see in Home Assistant. Leave a name blank to keep that cycle out of the cycle list. Names must be unique.\n\n\"Download cycle\" is the course on your appliance that runs a downloaded program -- it is detected automatically, but confirm it here before use, since selecting a downloaded cycle writes this course code to the machine.",
+        "description": "This appliance reports {total} downloaded cycle(s); {found} have been seen so far.\n\nA downloaded cycle's settings are only visible while that cycle is loaded, and the appliance never reports their names. To add the missing ones ({pending}): on the appliance, select the Download cycle, then step through each downloaded program in turn, pausing a few seconds on each, and come back here.\n\nGive each one the name you want to see in Home Assistant. Leave a name blank to keep that cycle out of the cycle list. Names must be unique.\n\nThe Download cycle is the course on this appliance that runs a downloaded program. It is detected automatically, but confirm it here before use: selecting a downloaded cycle writes this course code to the appliance.",
         "data": {
           "download_course": "Download cycle course code"
         }
@@ -1457,7 +1457,8 @@
     "error": {
       "empty_payload": "Zadejte alespoň jedno pole k zápisu.",
       "write_failed": "Zápis se nezdařil. Podrobnosti najdete v protokolech Home Assistant.",
-      "cloud_course_name_duplicate": "Two cycles have the same name. Names must be unique."
+      "cloud_course_name_duplicate": "Two cycles have the same name. Names must be unique.",
+      "cloud_course_unknown_course": "That course isn't one this appliance offers. Pick one from the list."
     },
     "abort": {
       "not_loaded": "Toto zařízení ještě není připojeno. Zkuste to znovu, až se načte."
diff --git a/custom_components/localthings/translations/de.json b/custom_components/localthings/translations/de.json
index f76fcb8..b9b5369 100644
--- a/custom_components/localthings/translations/de.json
+++ b/custom_components/localthings/translations/de.json
@@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@
       },
       "cloud_courses": {
         "title": "Download cycles",
-        "description": "Your washer reports {total} downloaded cycle(s); {found} have been seen so far.\n\nThe appliance only reveals a downloaded cycle's settings while that cycle is actually loaded, and it never reports their names. To add the missing ones ({pending}): on the appliance, select the Download cycle and turn the dial through each downloaded program, pausing a few seconds on each, then come back here.\n\nGive each one the name you want to see in Home Assistant. Leave a name blank to keep that cycle out of the cycle list. Names must be unique.\n\n\"Download cycle\" is the course on your appliance that runs a downloaded program -- it is detected automatically, but confirm it here before use, since selecting a downloaded cycle writes this course code to the machine.",
+        "description": "This appliance reports {total} downloaded cycle(s); {found} have been seen so far.\n\nA downloaded cycle's settings are only visible while that cycle is loaded, and the appliance never reports their names. To add the missing ones ({pending}): on the appliance, select the Download cycle, then step through each downloaded program in turn, pausing a few seconds on each, and come back here.\n\nGive each one the name you want to see in Home Assistant. Leave a name blank to keep that cycle out of the cycle list. Names must be unique.\n\nThe Download cycle is the course on this appliance that runs a downloaded program. It is detected automatically, but confirm it here before use: selecting a downloaded cycle writes this course code to the appliance.",
         "data": {
           "download_course": "Download cycle course code"
         }
@@ -1457,7 +1457,8 @@
     "error": {
       "empty_payload": "Geben Sie mindestens ein zu schreibendes Feld ein.",
       "write_failed": "Der Schreibvorgang ist fehlgeschlagen. Weitere Details finden Sie im Home-Assistant-Protokoll.",
-      "cloud_course_name_duplicate": "Two cycles have the same name. Names must be unique."
+      "cloud_course_name_duplicate": "Two cycles have the same name. Names must be unique.",
+      "cloud_course_unknown_course": "That course isn't one this appliance offers. Pick one from the list."
     },
     "abort": {
       "not_loaded": "Dieses Gerät ist noch nicht verbunden. Versuchen Sie es erneut, sobald es geladen wurde."
diff --git a/custom_components/localthings/translations/en.json b/custom_components/localthings/translations/en.json
index 16da390..8c26a13 100644
--- a/custom_components/localthings/translations/en.json
+++ b/custom_components/localthings/translations/en.json
@@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@
       },
       "cloud_courses": {
         "title": "Download cycles",
-        "description": "Your washer reports {total} downloaded cycle(s); {found} have been seen so far.\n\nThe appliance only reveals a downloaded cycle's settings while that cycle is actually loaded, and it never reports their names. To add the missing ones ({pending}): on the appliance, select the Download cycle and turn the dial through each downloaded program, pausing a few seconds on each, then come back here.\n\nGive each one the name you want to see in Home Assistant. Leave a name blank to keep that cycle out of the cycle list. Names must be unique.\n\n\"Download cycle\" is the course on your appliance that runs a downloaded program -- it is detected automatically, but confirm it here before use, since selecting a downloaded cycle writes this course code to the machine.",
+        "description": "This appliance reports {total} downloaded cycle(s); {found} have been seen so far.\n\nA downloaded cycle's settings are only visible while that cycle is loaded, and the appliance never reports their names. To add the missing ones ({pending}): on the appliance, select the Download cycle, then step through each downloaded program in turn, pausing a few seconds on each, and come back here.\n\nGive each one the name you want to see in Home Assistant. Leave a name blank to keep that cycle out of the cycle list. Names must be unique.\n\nThe Download cycle is the course on this appliance that runs a downloaded program. It is detected automatically, but confirm it here before use: selecting a downloaded cycle writes this course code to the appliance.",
         "data": {
           "download_course": "Download cycle course code"
         }
@@ -1457,7 +1457,8 @@
     "error": {
       "empty_payload": "Enter at least one field to write.",
       "write_failed": "The write failed. Check the Home Assistant logs for details.",
-      "cloud_course_name_duplicate": "Two cycles have the same name. Names must be unique."
+      "cloud_course_name_duplicate": "Two cycles have the same name. Names must be unique.",
+      "cloud_course_unknown_course": "That course isn't one this appliance offers. Pick one from the list."
     },
     "abort": {
       "not_loaded": "This device isn't connected yet. Try again once it has loaded."
diff --git a/custom_components/localthings/translations/es.json b/custom_components/localthings/translations/es.json
index 226b25c..ca3b6a0 100644
--- a/custom_components/localthings/translations/es.json
+++ b/custom_components/localthings/translations/es.json
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
       },
       "cloud_courses": {
         "title": "Download cycles",
-        "description": "Your washer reports {total} downloaded cycle(s); {found} have been seen so far.\n\nThe appliance only reveals a downloaded cycle's settings while that cycle is actually loaded, and it never reports their names. To add the missing ones ({pending}): on the appliance, select the Download cycle and turn the dial through each downloaded program, pausing a few seconds on each, then come back here.\n\nGive each one the name you want to see in Home Assistant. Leave a name blank to keep that cycle out of the cycle list. Names must be unique.\n\n\"Download cycle\" is the course on your appliance that runs a downloaded program -- it is detected automatically, but confirm it here before use, since selecting a downloaded cycle writes this course code to the machine.",
+        "description": "This appliance reports {total} downloaded cycle(s); {found} have been seen so far.\n\nA downloaded cycle's settings are only visible while that cycle is loaded, and the appliance never reports their names. To add the missing ones ({pending}): on the appliance, select the Download cycle, then step through each downloaded program in turn, pausing a few seconds on each, and come back here.\n\nGive each one the name you want to see in Home Assistant. Leave a name blank to keep that cycle out of the cycle list. Names must be unique.\n\nThe Download cycle is the course on this appliance that runs a downloaded program. It is detected automatically, but confirm it here before use: selecting a downloaded cycle writes this course code to the appliance.",
         "data": {
           "download_course": "Download cycle course code"
         }
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@
     "error": {
       "empty_payload": "Introduce al menos un campo para escribir.",
       "write_failed": "La escritura falló. Consulta los registros de Home Assistant para más detalles.",
-      "cloud_course_name_duplicate": "Two cycles have the same name. Names must be unique."
+      "cloud_course_name_duplicate": "Two cycles have the same name. Names must be unique.",
+      "cloud_course_unknown_course": "That course isn't one this appliance offers. Pick one from the list."
     },
     "abort": {
       "not_loaded": "Este dispositivo aún no está conectado. Inténtalo de nuevo cuando se haya cargado."
diff --git a/custom_components/localthings/translations/it.json b/custom_components/localthings/translations/it.json
index 9735821..88f0c11 100644
--- a/custom_components/localthings/translations/it.json
+++ b/custom_components/localthings/translations/it.json
@@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@
       },
       "cloud_courses": {
         "title": "Download cycles",
-        "description": "Your washer reports {total} downloaded cycle(s); {found} have been seen so far.\n\nThe appliance only reveals a downloaded cycle's settings while that cycle is actually loaded, and it never reports their names. To add the missing ones ({pending}): on the appliance, select the Download cycle and turn the dial through each downloaded program, pausing a few seconds on each, then come back here.\n\nGive each one the name you want to see in Home Assistant. Leave a name blank to keep that cycle out of the cycle list. Names must be unique.\n\n\"Download cycle\" is the course on your appliance that runs a downloaded program -- it is detected automatically, but confirm it here before use, since selecting a downloaded cycle writes this course code to the machine.",
+        "description": "This appliance reports {total} downloaded cycle(s); {found} have been seen so far.\n\nA downloaded cycle's settings are only visible while that cycle is loaded, and the appliance never reports their names. To add the missing ones ({pending}): on the appliance, select the Download cycle, then step through each downloaded program in turn, pausing a few seconds on each, and come back here.\n\nGive each one the name you want to see in Home Assistant. Leave a name blank to keep that cycle out of the cycle list. Names must be unique.\n\nThe Download cycle is the course on this appliance that runs a downloaded program. It is detected automatically, but confirm it here before use: selecting a downloaded cycle writes this course code to the appliance.",
         "data": {
           "download_course": "Download cycle course code"
         }
@@ -1457,7 +1457,8 @@
     "error": {
       "empty_payload": "Inserisci almeno un campo da scrivere.",
       "write_failed": "Operazione di scrittura non riuscita. Controlla i registri di Home Assistant per i dettagli.",
-      "cloud_course_name_duplicate": "Two cycles have the same name. Names must be unique."
+      "cloud_course_name_duplicate": "Two cycles have the same name. Names must be unique.",
+      "cloud_course_unknown_course": "That course isn't one this appliance offers. Pick one from the list."
     },
     "abort": {
       "not_loaded": "Questo dispositivo non è ancora connesso. Riprova dopo il caricamento."
diff --git a/custom_components/localthings/translations/ko.json b/custom_components/localthings/translations/ko.json
index 675c2be..d01a370 100644
--- a/custom_components/localthings/translations/ko.json
+++ b/custom_components/localthings/translations/ko.json
@@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@
       },
       "cloud_courses": {
         "title": "Download cycles",
-        "description": "Your washer reports {total} downloaded cycle(s); {found} have been seen so far.\n\nThe appliance only reveals a downloaded cycle's settings while that cycle is actually loaded, and it never reports their names. To add the missing ones ({pending}): on the appliance, select the Download cycle and turn the dial through each downloaded program, pausing a few seconds on each, then come back here.\n\nGive each one the name you want to see in Home Assistant. Leave a name blank to keep that cycle out of the cycle list. Names must be unique.\n\n\"Download cycle\" is the course on your appliance that runs a downloaded program -- it is detected automatically, but confirm it here before use, since selecting a downloaded cycle writes this course code to the machine.",
+        "description": "This appliance reports {total} downloaded cycle(s); {found} have been seen so far.\n\nA downloaded cycle's settings are only visible while that cycle is loaded, and the appliance never reports their names. To add the missing ones ({pending}): on the appliance, select the Download cycle, then step through each downloaded program in turn, pausing a few seconds on each, and come back here.\n\nGive each one the name you want to see in Home Assistant. Leave a name blank to keep that cycle out of the cycle list. Names must be unique.\n\nThe Download cycle is the course on this appliance that runs a downloaded program. It is detected automatically, but confirm it here before use: selecting a downloaded cycle writes this course code to the appliance.",
         "data": {
           "download_course": "Download cycle course code"
         }
@@ -1457,7 +1457,8 @@
     "error": {
       "empty_payload": "쓸 필드를 하나 이상 입력하세요.",
       "write_failed": "쓰기에 실패했습니다. 자세한 내용은 Home Assistant 로그에서 확인하세요.",
-      "cloud_course_name_duplicate": "Two cycles have the same name. Names must be unique."
+      "cloud_course_name_duplicate": "Two cycles have the same name. Names must be unique.",
+      "cloud_course_unknown_course": "That course isn't one this appliance offers. Pick one from the list."
     },
     "abort": {
       "not_loaded": "이 기기는 아직 연결되지 않았습니다. 기기를 불러온 후 다시 시도하세요."
diff --git a/custom_components/localthings/translations/nl.json b/custom_components/localthings/translations/nl.json
index e5b4eb6..04d2884 100644
--- a/custom_components/localthings/translations/nl.json
+++ b/custom_components/localthings/translations/nl.json
@@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@
       },
       "cloud_courses": {
         "title": "Download cycles",
-        "description": "Your washer reports {total} downloaded cycle(s); {found} have been seen so far.\n\nThe appliance only reveals a downloaded cycle's settings while that cycle is actually loaded, and it never reports their names. To add the missing ones ({pending}): on the appliance, select the Download cycle and turn the dial through each downloaded program, pausing a few seconds on each, then come back here.\n\nGive each one the name you want to see in Home Assistant. Leave a name blank to keep that cycle out of the cycle list. Names must be unique.\n\n\"Download cycle\" is the course on your appliance that runs a downloaded program -- it is detected automatically, but confirm it here before use, since selecting a downloaded cycle writes this course code to the machine.",
+        "description": "This appliance reports {total} downloaded cycle(s); {found} have been seen so far.\n\nA downloaded cycle's settings are only visible while that cycle is loaded, and the appliance never reports their names. To add the missing ones ({pending}): on the appliance, select the Download cycle, then step through each downloaded program in turn, pausing a few seconds on each, and come back here.\n\nGive each one the name you want to see in Home Assistant. Leave a name blank to keep that cycle out of the cycle list. Names must be unique.\n\nThe Download cycle is the course on this appliance that runs a downloaded program. It is detected automatically, but confirm it here before use: selecting a downloaded cycle writes this course code to the appliance.",
         "data": {
           "download_course": "Download cycle course code"
         }
@@ -1457,7 +1457,8 @@
     "error": {
       "empty_payload": "Voer ten minste één veld in om te schrijven.",
       "write_failed": "De schrijfbewerking is mislukt. Raadpleeg de Home Assistant-logboeken voor meer informatie.",
-      "cloud_course_name_duplicate": "Two cycles have the same name. Names must be unique."
+      "cloud_course_name_duplicate": "Two cycles have the same name. Names must be unique.",
+      "cloud_course_unknown_course": "That course isn't one this appliance offers. Pick one from the list."
     },
     "abort": {
       "not_loaded": "Dit apparaat is nog niet verbonden. Probeer het opnieuw zodra het is geladen."
diff --git a/tests/test_cloud_courses.py b/tests/test_cloud_courses.py
index 29956f1..599827d 100644
--- a/tests/test_cloud_courses.py
+++ b/tests/test_cloud_courses.py
@@ -207,6 +207,27 @@ class TestStoreRules:
         assert store.observe(rep) is True
         assert store.observe(rep) is False
 
+    def test_candidates_rank_by_program_loads_not_by_dwell_time(self):
+        """A stale OneTimeCloudCourse_ token outlives the run it belonged to,
+        so it is still reported through every poll the appliance spends on
+        whatever ordinary course comes next. Counting polls would rank that
+        course first and suggest it as the Download course -- and accepting
+        the suggestion would start a real wash cycle. Only the poll where the
+        payload actually changed is evidence."""
+        store = cloudcourse.CloudCourses()
+        loaded = _rep(["CloudExtraCourse_55", "Course_87", f"OneTimeCloudCourse_{SPORTS}"])
+        stale = _rep(["CloudExtraCourse_55", "Course_1B", f"OneTimeCloudCourse_{SPORTS}"])
+        store.observe(loaded)
+        for _ in range(200):  # ~100 minutes sitting on a cotton cycle
+            store.observe(stale)
+        assert store.download_candidates() == ["87"]
+
+    def test_a_second_distinct_load_is_counted(self):
+        store = cloudcourse.CloudCourses()
+        store.observe(_rep(["CloudExtraCourse_556B", "Course_87", f"OneTimeCloudCourse_{SPORTS}"]))
+        store.observe(_rep(["CloudExtraCourse_556B", "Course_87", f"OneTimeCloudCourse_{JEANS}"]))
+        assert store.download_candidates() == ["87"]
+
     def test_view_is_empty_until_a_download_course_is_confirmed(self):
         """Both halves are required: without the course code there is no
         write to build, so nothing should reach the select."""
diff --git a/tests/test_cloud_courses_flow.py b/tests/test_cloud_courses_flow.py
index ab0b738..272f7c2 100644
--- a/tests/test_cloud_courses_flow.py
+++ b/tests/test_cloud_courses_flow.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ flow that supplies the names.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
+import json
 from typing import Any, cast
 
 import cbor2
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ from custom_components.localthings import cloudcourse
 from custom_components.localthings.const import CONF_CLOUD_COURSES, DOMAIN
 from custom_components.localthings.coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
 from custom_components.localthings.registry.entities import SelectDesc
+from custom_components.localthings.registry.subdevices import MAIN
 from tests.conftest import _load_device
 from tests.test_subdevice_discovery import ENTRY_DATA
 
@@ -320,3 +322,90 @@ async def test_the_form_proposes_the_observed_download_course(hass: HomeAssistan
     # Two learned so far, seven still to walk through on the appliance.
     assert result["description_placeholders"]["found"] == "2"
     assert coordinator.cloud_courses.download_candidates() == ["87"]
+
+
+async def test_no_repair_until_a_program_has_actually_been_seen(hass: HomeAssistant):
+    """The DW5000C advertises four downloaded programs and has never loaded
+    one, so nothing about them is learnable and no name field can be offered.
+    Warning its owner about a feature they may never use -- with no action
+    that could clear it -- is worse than staying quiet until they run one."""
+    entry = _entry(hass)
+    coordinator = LocalThingsCoordinator(hass, entry)
+    resources = _load_device("dishwasher_dw5000c_cloud")
+    coordinator._run_discovery(resources)
+    for href, rep in resources.items():
+        coordinator._observe.apply(href, rep, source="poll")
+    coordinator._refresh_cloud_course_issue()
+    await _flush(hass)
+
+    assert cloudcourse.advertised_slots(coordinator.cloud_course_rep()) == ["8E", "8D", "8F", "02"]
+    assert coordinator.cloud_courses.snapshot()["slots"] == {}
+    registry = ir.async_get(hass)
+    assert registry.async_get_issue(DOMAIN, f"cloud_courses_{entry.entry_id}") is None
+
+
+async def test_the_synthetic_field_never_reaches_diagnostics(
+    hass: HomeAssistant,
+    enable_custom_integrations,
+):
+    """canonical_resources carries it so entity descriptors can read it, and
+    diagnostics reads canonical_resources -- so the drop has to happen at the
+    redaction boundary. A dump is meant to be what the appliance said, and
+    cloud program names are text the user typed."""
+    from custom_components.localthings.diagnostics import (
+        async_get_config_entry_diagnostics,
+    )
+
+    entry = _entry(hass)
+    coordinator = await _coordinator(hass, entry)
+    coordinator.set_cloud_download_course("87")
+    coordinator.set_cloud_course_name("55", "Marc's weekend towels")
+    await _flush(hass)
+    hass.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {})[entry.entry_id] = coordinator
+
+    dump = json.dumps(await async_get_config_entry_diagnostics(hass, entry))
+    assert cloudcourse.FIELD not in dump
+    assert "Marc's weekend towels" not in dump
+    # The device's own tokens are still there -- only our field is dropped.
+    assert "CloudExtraCourse_0A5C286B2D0C55301A" in dump
+
+
+async def test_the_debug_read_service_reports_only_device_state(hass: HomeAssistant):
+    from custom_components.localthings.registry.redact import strip_synthetic
+
+    coordinator = await _coordinator(hass)
+    coordinator.set_cloud_download_course("87")
+    coordinator.set_cloud_course_name("55", "Sports")
+    await _flush(hass)
+
+    stripped = strip_synthetic(coordinator.canonical_resources(MAIN))
+    assert cloudcourse.FIELD not in stripped[COURSE]
+    assert "x.com.samsung.da.options" in stripped[COURSE]
+
+
+async def test_the_flow_rejects_a_download_course_the_device_does_not_offer(
+    hass: HomeAssistant,
+):
+    """Whatever lands here becomes the Course_ token of a real write."""
+    coordinator = await _coordinator(hass)
+    handler = await _options_handler(hass, coordinator)
+
+    result = await handler.async_step_cloud_courses({"name_55": "Sports", "download_course": "FF"})
+    assert result["errors"] == {"base": "cloud_course_unknown_course"}
+    assert coordinator.cloud_courses.download_course() is None
+    assert coordinator.cloud_courses.named() == {}
+
+
+async def test_the_flow_rejects_a_name_shadowing_a_personal_course(hass: HomeAssistant):
+    """Personal course names come from the device, not the catalog, and the
+    select renders them the same way -- so they collide the same way."""
+    coordinator = await _coordinator(hass)
+    # 'MyCo' as a personal course label on a code the device offers.
+    rep = dict(coordinator.resource("/wm/personalcourse/vs/0") or {})
+    rep["x.com.samsung.da.courses"] = ["1C_01044D79436F"]
+    coordinator._observe.apply("/wm/personalcourse/vs/0", rep, source="poll")
+    await _flush(hass)
+
+    handler = await _options_handler(hass, coordinator)
+    result = await handler.async_step_cloud_courses({"name_55": "MyCo", "download_course": "87"})
+    assert result["errors"] == {"base": "cloud_course_name_duplicate"}
diff --git a/tests/test_select_display.py b/tests/test_select_display.py
index 1a9165d..212de65 100644
--- a/tests/test_select_display.py
+++ b/tests/test_select_display.py
@@ -50,3 +50,19 @@ def test_display_passes_through_non_string_values():
 
 def test_display_uses_fallback_when_translation_has_no_state_table():
     assert _display("69", "cycle", lambda value: f"Unknown (0x{value})") == ("Unknown (0x69)")
+
+
+def test_uncatalogued_value_stays_raw_when_the_fallback_declines_it():
+    """The "no state table" escape hatch keys off whether anything actually
+    named the value, not off whether a fallback was supplied.
+
+    laundry.cycle_select always supplies one now (it labels cloud "Download"
+    programs) and returns None for everything else. Keyed on the fallback's
+    presence instead, every dryer/dishwasher/air-dresser on an unrecognized
+    course table would have its options and state cosmetically reshaped --
+    course '0E' rendered '0 E' -- silently breaking automations and recorder
+    history."""
+    assert _display("0E", "cycle", None) == "0E"
+    assert _display("0E", "cycle", lambda value: None) == "0E"
+    # A fallback that does name the value still wins.
+    assert _display("0E", "cycle", lambda value: f"Course {value}") == "Course 0E"