refactor: adopt cleaner write pattern for options arrays

fix(fridge): switch turn-off silently sends 'On' (truthy-string guard)

custom_components/localthings/config_flow.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import datetime
+import json
 import logging
 import re
 import selectors
@@ -15,6 +16,10 @@ from homeassistant import config_entries
 from homeassistant.core import callback
 from homeassistant.data_entry_flow import FlowResult
 from homeassistant.helpers.selector import (
+    ObjectSelector,
+    SelectSelector,
+    SelectSelectorConfig,
+    SelectSelectorMode,
     TextSelector,
     TextSelectorConfig,
     TextSelectorType,
@@ -396,22 +401,44 @@ class LocalThingsConfigFlow(config_entries.ConfigFlow, domain=DOMAIN):
 
 
 class LocalThingsOptionsFlow(config_entries.OptionsFlow):
-    """Per-device override of the remote-control-off write block (issue
-    #54). The block exists because most devices reject writes outright
-    while remote control is off and a clear error beats a silent
+    """Per-device options: the remote-control-off write-block override
+    (issue #54) plus a debug panel for writing an arbitrary body to an
+    arbitrary resource href, so a user can pin down device-specific write
+    behavior without waiting on a new release.
+
+    The remote-control override exists because most devices reject writes
+    outright while remote control is off and a clear error beats a silent
     device-side rejection -- but not every model actually enforces that,
     so this lets a user who's confirmed their device accepts writes anyway
     turn the block off for just that device rather than it being
-    hardcoded on for everyone."""
+    hardcoded on for everyone. The debug panel goes further: it bypasses
+    that block (and every write_fn/validate_fn) entirely, sending exactly
+    the body the user types to whatever href they pick.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._debug_href: str = ""
+        self._debug_result: tuple[int, dict] | None = None
+
+    def _coordinator(self):
+        return self.hass.data.get(DOMAIN, {}).get(self.config_entry.entry_id)
 
     async def async_step_init(
         self, user_input: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    ) -> FlowResult:
+        return self.async_show_menu(
+            step_id="init",
+            menu_options=["settings", "debug_write"],
+        )
+
+    async def async_step_settings(
+        self, user_input: dict[str, Any] | None = None
     ) -> FlowResult:
         if user_input is not None:
             return self.async_create_entry(data=user_input)
 
         return self.async_show_form(
-            step_id="init",
+            step_id="settings",
             data_schema=vol.Schema({
                 vol.Required(
                     CONF_BYPASS_REMOTE_CONTROL,
@@ -421,3 +448,96 @@ class LocalThingsOptionsFlow(config_entries.OptionsFlow):
                 ): bool,
             }),
         )
+
+    async def async_step_debug_write(
+        self, user_input: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    ) -> FlowResult:
+        coord = self._coordinator()
+        if coord is None:
+            return self.async_abort(reason="not_loaded")
+
+        if user_input is not None:
+            self._debug_href = user_input["href"]
+            return await self.async_step_debug_edit()
+
+        hrefs = sorted(coord.last_resources.keys())
+        return self.async_show_form(
+            step_id="debug_write",
+            data_schema=vol.Schema({
+                vol.Required("href"): SelectSelector(SelectSelectorConfig(
+                    options=hrefs,
+                    custom_value=True,
+                    mode=SelectSelectorMode.DROPDOWN,
+                )),
+            }),
+        )
+
+    def _show_debug_edit_form(
+        self, href: str, current: dict, errors: dict[str, str], payload,
+    ) -> FlowResult:
+        return self.async_show_form(
+            step_id="debug_edit",
+            data_schema=vol.Schema({
+                vol.Required(
+                    "payload", default=(payload if payload is not None else {}),
+                ): ObjectSelector(),
+            }),
+            errors=errors,
+            description_placeholders={
+                "href": href,
+                "current_value": (
+                    json.dumps(current, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
+                    if current else "(no cached value)"
+                ),
+            },
+        )
+
+    async def async_step_debug_edit(
+        self, user_input: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    ) -> FlowResult:
+        coord = self._coordinator()
+        if coord is None:
+            return self.async_abort(reason="not_loaded")
+
+        href = self._debug_href
+        current = coord.resource(href)
+
+        if user_input is not None:
+            payload = user_input.get("payload") or {}
+            if not isinstance(payload, dict) or not payload:
+                return self._show_debug_edit_form(
+                    href, current, {"payload": "empty_payload"}, payload
+                )
+            try:
+                code, new_rep = await coord.async_raw_write(href, payload)
+            except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 - surfaced to the user below
+                _LOGGER.exception("debug raw write failed for %s", href)
+                return self._show_debug_edit_form(
+                    href, current, {"base": "write_failed"}, payload
+                )
+            self._debug_result = (code, new_rep)
+            return await self.async_step_debug_result()
+
+        return self._show_debug_edit_form(href, current, {}, None)
+
+    async def async_step_debug_result(
+        self, user_input: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    ) -> FlowResult:
+        code, new_rep = self._debug_result or (0, {})
+        return self.async_show_menu(
+            step_id="debug_result",
+            menu_options=["debug_write", "finish"],
+            description_placeholders={
+                "code": f"{code >> 5}.{code & 0x1f:02d} ({code:#04x})",
+                "new_value": (
+                    json.dumps(new_rep, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
+                    if new_rep else "(no value returned)"
+                ),
+            },
+        )
+
+    async def async_step_finish(
+        self, user_input: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    ) -> FlowResult:
+        # Close the flow without altering saved options.
+        return self.async_create_entry(data=dict(self.config_entry.options))

custom_components/localthings/coordinator.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from smartthings_local.ocf.state_cache import StateCache
 
 from .registry.batch import parse_device0_batch
 from .registry.by_type import for_device, for_device_by_model, for_device_by_resources
-from .registry.capabilities.common import remote_control_enabled
+from .registry.capabilities.common import merge_options_field, remote_control_enabled
 from .registry.discovery import discover, BoundEntity
 from .registry import CAPABILITIES
 from .registry.adapter import flatten
@@ -612,7 +612,24 @@ class LocalThingsCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator[dict[str, Any]]):
         # introduced its own races around overlapping writes to the same
         # href. Simpler and safer to just hold the guard for the full,
         # generously-sized window and let it expire on its own.
-        self._observe.apply(write_href, body, source='optimistic')
+        # write_fn bodies that touch x.com.samsung.da.options carry only the
+        # changed token(s) now (issue #54: confirmed sufficient on the wire --
+        # the device merges by prefix itself), not the whole packed array.
+        # observe.apply()'s field-level {**cached, **rep} merge doesn't know
+        # that -- handed the bare token list, it would replace the cached
+        # field outright and wipe every sibling option for the rest of the
+        # settle window. Pre-merge it here the same way the device does, so
+        # the optimistic cache entry stays complete; the minimal `body` below
+        # is still exactly what goes out over the wire.
+        optimistic_body = body
+        new_options = body.get('x.com.samsung.da.options')
+        if isinstance(new_options, list):
+            cached_options = (self._cache.get(write_href) or {}).get('x.com.samsung.da.options')
+            optimistic_body = {
+                **body,
+                'x.com.samsung.da.options': merge_options_field(cached_options, new_options),
+            }
+        self._observe.apply(write_href, optimistic_body, source='optimistic')
         self._observe.mark_write_pending(
             write_href, settle_s=self._POST_TIMEOUT_S + self._POLL_TIMEOUT_S
         )
@@ -630,3 +647,58 @@ class LocalThingsCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator[dict[str, Any]]):
             self._log.error("command failed for %s: %s", write_href, e)
         else:
             await self.async_request_refresh()
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Debug raw write (issue #54): a power-user escape hatch for the
+    # options-flow debug panel, letting a user POST an arbitrary partial
+    # body to an arbitrary href to pin down device-specific write behavior
+    # without waiting on a new release. Deliberately bypasses the
+    # remote-control block and every write_fn/validate_fn above -- that's
+    # the whole point, so use with care.
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _raw_write_blocking(self, path_segs: list[str], body: dict, href: str) -> tuple[int, dict]:
+        """Debug primitive: POST an arbitrary patch, then read the href
+        back for ground truth. Blocking -- runs in executor."""
+        if self._session is None:
+            self._connect_session()
+        sess = self._session
+        if sess is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("no session")
+        code, _ = sess.post(path_segs, cbor2.dumps(body), timeout=self._POST_TIMEOUT_S)
+        self._log.warning("DEBUG raw write POST %s %r → code %#04x", href, body, code)
+        new_rep: dict = {}
+        try:
+            sess.pace()
+            rcode, payload = sess.get(path_segs, timeout=10.0)
+            if rcode == 0x45 and payload:
+                rep = cbor2.loads(payload)
+                if isinstance(rep, dict):
+                    self._observe.apply(href, rep, source='poll')
+                    new_rep = rep
+        except Exception as e:
+            self._log.debug("raw write follow-up read failed: %s", e)
+        return code, new_rep
+
+    async def async_raw_write(self, href: str, body: dict) -> tuple[int, dict]:
+        """Debug-only arbitrary write (issue #54). Bypasses the
+        remote-control block and all write_fn/validate_fn logic; sends
+        `body` verbatim as a partial-rep PATCH to `href`. Returns
+        (coap_code, new_rep) where new_rep is the href's value read back
+        right after the write. Used by the options-flow debug panel to
+        help users pin down device-specific write behavior without a new
+        release."""
+        if not isinstance(body, dict) or not body:
+            raise ServiceValidationError("Debug write payload must be a non-empty object.")
+        path_segs = [s for s in href.strip('/').split('/') if s]
+        if not path_segs:
+            raise ServiceValidationError("A resource href is required.")
+        norm_href = '/' + '/'.join(path_segs)
+        async with self._session_lock:
+            code, new_rep = await self.hass.async_add_executor_job(
+                self._raw_write_blocking, path_segs, body, norm_href
+            )
+        # Hasten a full summary poll so entities on other resources catch
+        # up too -- a debug write can affect siblings, not just its href.
+        await self.async_request_refresh()
+        return code, new_rep

custom_components/localthings/entity.py

@@ -66,12 +66,30 @@ class LocalThingsEntity(CoordinatorEntity[LocalThingsCoordinator]):
             self._attr_name = f"{bound.instance_name} {_derive_name(bound.desc.key)}".strip()
         else:
             self._attr_name = _derive_name(self._state_key)
-        self._attr_translation_key = bound.desc.translation_key
         self._attr_icon = bound.desc.icon
         raw_cat = bound.desc.entity_category
         self._attr_entity_category = EntityCategory(raw_cat) if raw_cat else None
         self._attr_entity_registry_enabled_default = bound.desc.enabled_default
 
+    @property
+    def translation_key(self) -> str | None:
+        """Override Entity.translation_key (a property upstream, not a
+        plain attribute) so a callable descriptor -- e.g.
+        laundry.cycle_select's table-id-gated resolver -- is re-evaluated
+        against live coordinator data on every access, not resolved once
+        at construction time.
+
+        Discovery runs on the first /device/0 poll, which the entity
+        registry already documents can hand a sibling resource an empty
+        stub rep before it's actually been fetched (see _is_included's
+        docstring) -- a static one-time resolution here would risk baking
+        in a permanent None (no translation) for the entity's whole
+        lifetime if that stub hadn't populated yet, even once the real
+        value arrives on a later poll.
+        """
+        tk = self._bound.desc.translation_key
+        return tk(self.coordinator.last_resources) if callable(tk) else tk
+
     @property
     def device_info(self) -> DeviceInfo:
         return self.coordinator.device_info

custom_components/localthings/manifest.json

@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@
     "pyOpenSSL>=23.0",
     "smartthings-local>=0.1.0"
   ],
-  "version": "0.11.0"
+  "version": "0.11.1"
 }

custom_components/localthings/registry/by_type/__init__.py

@@ -113,6 +113,15 @@ def for_device_by_model(model_num: str, description: str) -> Optional[DeviceRegi
     # 'P' sits between the underscore and 'RAC' in that token).
     if key is None and '_RAC_' in (model_num or ''):
         key = 'airconditioner'
+    # System air conditioners (multi-indoor-unit commercial installs, e.g.
+    # A-CAWW-TP2-20-COMMON, issue #52) report no oneUiVersion either and
+    # carry the '-CAWW-' board-family token instead of '_RAC_'/'_PRAC_'.
+    # Same TP1X/TP2X-class resource surface as the room-AC models above
+    # (confirmed by the issue #52 dump binding cleanly against the existing
+    # airconditioner registry once routed here), plus one new SAC-specific
+    # resource (see airconditioner.py's _AC_IGNORED).
+    if key is None and '-CAWW-' in (model_num or '').upper():
+        key = 'airconditioner'
     # Air purifiers (e.g. ARTIK051_TVTL_18K, issue #56) report no
     # oneUiVersion either, and carry the '_TVTL_' board-family token.
     if key is None and '_TVTL_' in (model_num or ''):

custom_components/localthings/registry/capabilities/air_purifier.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 """Capabilities for the Samsung ARTIK051_TVTL-class air purifier family
-(model AX60R5080WD/SE, issue #56 -- verified against two independent
-diagnostics dumps of the same internal model).
+(model AX60R5080WD/SE, issue #56).
 
 Power, kids-lock, remote-control, alarms, and the energy meter are the shared
 common.py capabilities (this family exposes the standard /power/0+/power/vs/0
@@ -8,37 +7,44 @@ pair and /alarms/vs/0, /energy/consumption/vs/0). /diagnosis/vs/0 reuses
 dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS -- identical field/write contract
 (x.com.samsung.da.diagnosisStart, 'Ready' on both dumps).
 
-Two things are deliberately left as raw, unwritable diagnostic sensors rather
-than modeled as real controls, per the "don't guess" rule:
+/mode/vs/0's x.com.samsung.da.options array packs multiple independent
+'<Prefix>_<value>' flags into one list -- the same packed-list contract
+laundry.py's option_value/option_write already model for /course/vs/0's
+options[] (reused directly below, just against this family's own href). Per
+issue #56's follow-up (five diagnostics dumps captured with the physical unit
+set to Auto/Sleep/Low/Medium/High):
+  Light_On / Light_Off  -- a plain on/off flag; MODE below models it as a
+                            real switch, RMW-replacing just that one entry.
+  Comode_Off            -- read 'Off' on *every* one of the five dumps,
+                            including High/Low/Medium/Auto -- confirms this
+                            is NOT the fan-speed selector (ruling out the
+                            original guess); exposed read-only since its
+                            actual purpose is still unconfirmed.
+  OptionCode_60282       -- confirmed opaque/not user-facing in the
+                            SmartThings app; not modeled (same treatment as
+                            range_hood's OptionCode_* token on the same
+                            href).
+  Blooming_*             -- confirmed to have no corresponding SmartThings
+                            app setting; dropped entirely rather than kept
+                            as an unexplained diagnostic (it did track 1:1
+                            with Sleep mode across the five dumps -- 0 in
+                            Sleep, 6 otherwise -- so it's plausibly an
+                            automatic side effect of sleep mode, e.g. a
+                            display-dimming level, but that's still a guess).
 
-  /airflow/0, /airflow/vs/0 -- OCF-standard + vendor pair for fan speed/
-    direction, both zeroed/'Off' on every dump seen (device was off in both).
-    No supportedSpeed/supportedModes list is present anywhere in either dump
-    to confirm the valid range, so a write-capable fan/select isn't safe to
-    build yet -- see the issue #56 request for a running-state dump.
-
-  /mode/vs/0's x.com.samsung.da.options array packs multiple independent
-    '<Prefix>_<value>' flags into one list -- the same packed-list/RMW
-    contract laundry.py's option_value/replace_in_options already model for
-    /course/vs/0's options[] (reused directly below, just against this
-    family's own href). Of the tokens seen:
-      Light_On / Light_Off       -- read as a plain on/off flag; MODE below
-                                     models it as a real switch, RMW-
-                                     replacing just that one list entry.
-      Comode_Off                 -- never seen non-'Off' on these dumps;
-                                     likely the fan operating mode the issue
-                                     describes (Auto/Sleep/1/2/3), but
-                                     unconfirmed -- exposed read-only.
-      Blooming_0 / Blooming_6     -- meaning unconfirmed; exposed read-only.
-      OptionCode_60282            -- opaque, unchanged across both dumps;
-                                     not modeled (same treatment as
-                                     range_hood's OptionCode_* token on the
-                                     same href).
+/airflow/0 and /airflow/vs/0's `speed` still isn't modeled as a real
+fan-speed control: across the same five dumps it read 0 for both Auto *and*
+High, and 3 for Low/Medium *and* Sleep -- not a monotonic mapping to any
+selectable level, and the dumps were all captured within about three minutes
+of each other (only one poll cycle apart at this integration's 30s summary
+interval), so the values may not have settled after each change before the
+diagnostics snapshot was taken. Exposed read-only pending a confirmed,
+stable capture -- see the issue #56 discussion for what's needed.
 """
 from ..capability import Capability
 from ..entities import BinarySensorDesc, SensorDesc, SwitchDesc
 from .common import int_or_none, sensor_item_value
-from .laundry import bool_option_exists, bool_option_value, option_value, replace_in_options
+from .laundry import bool_option_exists, bool_option_value, option_value, option_write
 
 _AIR_QUALITY_SENSORS = (
     ('dust', 'Dust', 'mdi:blur', 'Dust'),
@@ -68,10 +74,12 @@ def _consumable_state(items, name):
     return None
 
 
-# FilterProgress is a raw 0-100 percentage in both dumps (100 and 62); which
-# end of that scale means "replace me" isn't confirmed from the dump alone,
-# so the entity is named after the raw field rather than asserting a
-# direction (see issue #56 follow-up questions).
+# FilterProgress is a 0-100 percentage counting up as the filter wears --
+# confirmed via issue #56: the SmartThings app shows "Filter needs changing"
+# once this reaches 100, so 100 means fully used, not "brand new." Named
+# after the raw field (matching the AC/range_hood filterUsage convention,
+# which counts the same direction) rather than "filter life," which would
+# imply the opposite direction.
 FILTER = Capability(
     href='/consumable/vs/0',
     poll_tier='cold',
@@ -127,9 +135,14 @@ AIRFLOW_VS_FALLBACK = Capability(
 
 
 def _light_write(payload, rep, href=None):
-    opts = list(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options') or [])
+    # option_write's single-token write is confirmed on a washer's
+    # /course/vs/0 (issue #54), NOT independently on this family's
+    # /mode/vs/0 -- extrapolated on the assumption the same vendor field
+    # merges the same way everywhere. If some unit replaces the field
+    # outright instead, this would drop Comode/OptionCode alongside it on
+    # the next light toggle; revisit if a real device report surfaces that.
     return ['mode', 'vs', '0'], {
-        'x.com.samsung.da.options': replace_in_options(opts, 'Light', payload),
+        'x.com.samsung.da.options': option_write('Light', payload),
     }
 
 
@@ -142,15 +155,12 @@ MODE = Capability(
                    rep_fn=bool_option_value('Light'),
                    exists_fn=bool_option_exists('Light'),
                    write_fn=_light_write),
-        # Read-only pending issue #56 follow-up -- see module docstring.
+        # Read-only -- confirmed NOT the fan-speed selector (see module
+        # docstring), actual purpose still unconfirmed.
         SensorDesc(key='operating_mode', name='Operating mode', icon='mdi:fan',
                    entity_category='diagnostic',
                    rep_fn=lambda rep: option_value(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'), 'Comode'),
                    exists_fn=bool_option_exists('Comode')),
-        SensorDesc(key='blooming_level', name='Blooming level', icon='mdi:flower',
-                   entity_category='diagnostic',
-                   rep_fn=lambda rep: option_value(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'), 'Blooming'),
-                   exists_fn=bool_option_exists('Blooming')),
     ),
 )
 

custom_components/localthings/registry/capabilities/airconditioner.py

@@ -243,6 +243,11 @@ _AC_IGNORED = [
     '/remotetemperature/vs/0',     # external temp-sensor feed (unset on this unit)
     '/reserverulesets/vs/0',       # opaque hex-encoded schedule reservation blob
     '/welcome/temperature/vs/0',   # welcome-cooling plumbing
+    # System-AC-only (multi-indoor-unit commercial installs, e.g.
+    # A-CAWW-TP2-20-COMMON, issue #52): opaque hex-encoded installation
+    # topology -- indoor/outdoor unit pairing, per-unit serials, MCU info.
+    # Commissioning-time plumbing, not user-actionable appliance state.
+    '/sac/installationinfo/vs/0',
 ]
 
 # Built as bare no-entity caps; folded into the AC registry (not global).

custom_components/localthings/registry/capabilities/common.py

@@ -65,6 +65,33 @@ def _active_alarm_codes(items):
     return ', '.join(codes) if codes else 'none'
 
 
+def merge_options_field(cached, new_tokens):
+    """Merge freshly-written `<Prefix>_<Value>` tokens into a cached
+    x.com.samsung.da.options[]-style array the same way the device itself
+    merges them: match by prefix, replace if present, append if not.
+
+    Confirmed on real hardware (issue #54) that a write only needs to carry
+    the changed token(s), not the whole array -- see laundry.option_write /
+    oven._option_write for the write side. This is the read side of that
+    same fact: coordinator.async_send_command uses it to keep the
+    optimistic cache entry for the written href complete (every sibling
+    option still present) during the write-settle window, since the wire
+    body it applies straight to the cache no longer carries them."""
+    merged = list(cached or [])
+    for token in new_tokens or ():
+        if not isinstance(token, str) or '_' not in token:
+            continue
+        prefix = token.split('_', 1)[0]
+        replaced = False
+        for i, o in enumerate(merged):
+            if isinstance(o, str) and o.startswith(prefix + '_'):
+                merged[i] = token
+                replaced = True
+        if not replaced:
+            merged.append(token)
+    return merged
+
+
 def sensor_item_value(items, sensor_type, index=0):
     """Pull one reading out of a `/sensors/vs/0`-style items[] list -- each
     item is `{type, value: [...]}`; `index` picks which slot of a possibly

custom_components/localthings/registry/capabilities/dryer.py

@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ DRYER_SETTINGS = Capability(
 DRYER_COURSE = Capability(
     href='/course/vs/0',
     entities=(
-        cycle_select(translation_key='dryer_cycle', icon='mdi:tumble-dryer'),
+        cycle_select(translation_key='dryer_cycle', icon='mdi:tumble-dryer',
+                     table_href='/st/dryercourse/vs/0'),
     ),
 )
 

custom_components/localthings/registry/capabilities/fridge.py

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ ICEMAKER_NIGHTTIME = Capability(
                    value_fn=lambda v: v == 'On',
                    write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
                        ['icemaker', 'nighttime', 'vs', '0'],
-                       {'ice.night.status': 'On' if p else 'Off'})),
+                       {'ice.night.status': 'On' if p == 'On' else 'Off'})),
     ),
 )
 
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ DOOR_ALERT = Capability(
 def _status_lock_write(field):
     return lambda p, rep, href=None: (
         ['status', 'lock', 'vs', '0'],
-        {field: 'On' if p else 'Off'}
+        {field: 'On' if p == 'On' else 'Off'}
     )
 
 
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ DEFROST_DELAY = Capability(
                    value_fn=lambda v: v == 'On',
                    write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
                        ['defrost', 'delay', 'vs', '0'],
-                       {'x.com.samsung.da.delayDefrost': 'On' if p else 'Off'})),
+                       {'x.com.samsung.da.delayDefrost': 'On' if p == 'On' else 'Off'})),
     ),
 )
 
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ WELCOME_LIGHTING = Capability(
                    value_fn=lambda v: v == 'On',
                    write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
                        ['proximity', 'vs', '0'],
-                       {'status': 'On' if p else 'Off'})),
+                       {'status': 'On' if p == 'On' else 'Off'})),
     ),
 )
 
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ CABINET_LIGHT = Capability(
                    value_fn=lambda v: v == 'On',
                    write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
                        ['cabinet', 'light', 'total', 'vs', '0'],
-                       {'light.dimming.status': 'On' if p else 'Off'})),
+                       {'light.dimming.status': 'On' if p == 'On' else 'Off'})),
     ),
 )
 
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ ICEMAKER_STATUS_FALLBACK = Capability(
                    value_fn=lambda v: v == 'On',
                    write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
                        ['icemaker', 'status', 'vs', '0'],
-                       {'x.com.samsung.da.iceMaker': 'On' if p else 'Off'})),
+                       {'x.com.samsung.da.iceMaker': 'On' if p == 'On' else 'Off'})),
     ),
 )
 

custom_components/localthings/registry/capabilities/laundry.py

@@ -146,9 +146,13 @@ BUZZER_SOUND = Capability(
 # Cycle selection over /course/vs/0.
 #
 # The selected course and every other user-tunable option ride in the
-# x.com.samsung.da.options array on /course/vs/0 as `<Prefix>_<value>` tokens;
-# a write is a read-modify-write of that whole array (cycle_write). The set of
-# *selectable* courses is not hardcoded -- it's read live from
+# x.com.samsung.da.options array on /course/vs/0 as `<Prefix>_<value>` tokens.
+# Confirmed on real hardware (issue #54): a write only needs to carry the one
+# changed token -- `{'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['SoftenerLevelCtrl_2']}` --
+# the device matches by prefix, evicts the stale token, and merges the result
+# into the array itself. No read-modify-write of the whole array needed (see
+# option_write). The set of *selectable* courses is not hardcoded -- it's read
+# live from
 # x.com.samsung.da.editCourseList on /wm/editcourse/vs/0 (cycle_options), so we
 # never show a course a given model doesn't have or hide one it does. Course
 # codes are uppercase hex; display names live in translations under
@@ -157,6 +161,11 @@ BUZZER_SOUND = Capability(
 # washer.py's course comment has the byte-level evidence for why the options[]
 # MostUsed_* entry is *not* a trustworthy second source.
 #
+# Some boards populate /wm/editcourse/vs/0 without ever filling in
+# editCourseList itself (issue #1) -- cycle_options() falls back to deriving
+# the same list from /course/vs/0's own supportedOptions in that case; see
+# _course_codes_from_supported_options for the byte-level evidence.
+#
 # Shared verbatim by washer, dishwasher, and dryer -- all DA_WM_-family boards
 # expose the same /course/vs/0 options contract.
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -176,7 +185,10 @@ def parse_edit_course_list(raw):
 
 def cycle_options(resources):
     rep = resources.get('/wm/editcourse/vs/0') or {}
-    return parse_edit_course_list(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.editCourseList'))
+    codes = parse_edit_course_list(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.editCourseList'))
+    if codes:
+        return codes
+    return _course_codes_from_supported_options(resources.get('/course/vs/0') or {})
 
 
 def option_value(options, prefix):
@@ -187,29 +199,129 @@ def option_value(options, prefix):
     return None
 
 
-def replace_in_options(options, prefix, new_value):
-    return [f"{prefix}_{new_value}" if isinstance(o, str) and o.startswith(prefix + '_') else o
-            for o in options]
+def _course_codes_from_supported_options(course_rep):
+    """Fallback for an empty/missing editCourseList: derive the selectable
+    course list from /course/vs/0's own x.com.samsung.da.supportedOptions
+    instead (issue #1: some DA_WM_TP1/TP2-class boards populate the
+    /wm/editcourse/vs/0 href but never fill in editCourseList itself).
+
+    supportedOptions is a 1-hex-nibble header followed by one fixed-width
+    record per selectable course, self-indexed rather than positional --
+    the first byte of every record is that course's own hex code, just in
+    the firmware's own internal order, not editCourseList's. Confirmed
+    against six independent real-world washer/dryer/dishwasher dumps: every
+    one divides evenly into `header + N * K bytes` with fully unique first
+    bytes across all N records, at the record's true byte width. (What the
+    rest of each record encodes is still unconfirmed -- this only uses the
+    course-code byte.)
+
+    Two guards, deliberately conservative rather than guessing further: the
+    derived codes must (a) all be distinct -- a real course table, not
+    noise -- and (b) include whatever course is currently selected
+    (x.com.samsung.da.options' Course_<code> token), which must always be a
+    member of its own device's valid list. If no split satisfies both, this
+    returns [] rather than guess.
+
+    Among splits that satisfy both, the *smallest* passing K wins, rather
+    than requiring a single unambiguous one -- more than one K reliably
+    does pass on real data (e.g. the shipped dishwasher fixture: true
+    K=7 passes, but so do 10, 14, and 35, none of which are multiples of
+    7 -- position 0 always lands on the same real course code regardless
+    of K, which is enough on its own to satisfy the current-course guard
+    for several unrelated splits). Smallest-K-wins is a heuristic, not a
+    proof: it matches the confirmed answer on every one of six independent
+    real-world dumps this was checked against, but a coincidentally
+    unique, current-course-inclusive *smaller* K is not mathematically
+    impossible on some future device, and would be picked silently. Not
+    guarded against further here, since course tables are typically large
+    enough (double digits) that colliding by chance on both checks is
+    unlikely, and no device seen so far actually needs it.
+    """
+    raw = course_rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.supportedOptions')
+    hexstr = raw[0] if isinstance(raw, list) and raw else raw
+    if not isinstance(hexstr, str) or len(hexstr) < 3:
+        return []
+    body = hexstr[1:]
+    if len(body) % 2:
+        return []
+    total_bytes = len(body) // 2
+    current = option_value(course_rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'), 'Course')
+    for k in range(1, total_bytes + 1):
+        if total_bytes % k:
+            continue
+        n = total_bytes // k
+        if n < 2:
+            continue
+        firsts = [body[i * k * 2:i * k * 2 + 2] for i in range(n)]
+        if len(set(firsts)) != n:
+            continue
+        if current is not None and current not in firsts:
+            continue
+        return firsts
+    return []
+
+
+def option_write(prefix, new_value):
+    """A one-token x.com.samsung.da.options write -- see the module comment
+    above cycle_options for why this doesn't read/rewrite the whole array."""
+    return [f'{prefix}_{new_value}']
 
 
 def cycle_write(p, rep, href=None):
-    opts = list(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options') or [])
-    if not opts:
+    if not rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'):
         return None
     return ['course', 'vs', '0'], {
-        'x.com.samsung.da.options': replace_in_options(opts, 'Course', p),
+        'x.com.samsung.da.options': option_write('Course', p),
     }
 
 
-def cycle_select(*, translation_key, icon):
+def _table_id(resources, table_href):
+    rep = resources.get(table_href) or {}
+    return rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.st.courseTable')
+
+
+def cycle_select(*, translation_key, icon, table_href=None):
     """A 'Cycle' select over /course/vs/0, labelled from `translation_key`.
 
-    The caller supplies the family's translation key (washer_cycle /
-    dishwasher_cycle / dryer_cycle) and icon; the option list, current value,
-    and write path are all shared.
+    The option list, current value, and write path are all shared across
+    washer/dryer/dishwasher; only the translation is family- (and, for
+    washer/dryer, board-) specific.
+
+    table_href (washer/dryer only -- see washer.py/dryer.py's call sites)
+    suffixes translation_key with the device's own course-table id, read
+    from /st/washercourse/vs/0 or /st/dryercourse/vs/0's
+    x.com.samsung.da.st.courseTable (e.g. 'washer_cycle' + 'Table_02' ->
+    'washer_cycle_table_02'). No table id available at all -- the href
+    absent or empty -- gets no translation_key, i.e. the raw course code
+    displayed as-is.
+
+    This matters because course codes are NOT guaranteed consistent across
+    board generations sharing the same /course/vs/0 contract: every code in
+    washer_cycle_table_02 was confirmed against Table_02-reporting devices
+    (DA_WM_TP1/TP2 boards); FlexWash's older DA_WM_A51 board reports
+    Table_00 instead, so the same hex code could mean a different course
+    there for all we've verified. Building the key from whatever table the
+    device actually reports, rather than gating a single hardcoded key on
+    an exact match, means a table we haven't built translations for yet
+    (like Table_00) just falls through Home Assistant's own missing-
+    translation handling to the same raw-code display -- exactly what
+    happens today for any individual code within a table's translations
+    that isn't populated yet -- and adding one later needs new strings.json
+    entries, not a code change here.
+
+    Left at its default for dishwasher, which has no equivalent table-id
+    resource in any dump seen and no evidence its course codes vary by
+    table the way washer/dryer's do -- there's nothing to build a
+    table-specific key from.
     """
+    key = translation_key
+    if table_href is not None:
+        def key(resources):
+            table = _table_id(resources, table_href)
+            return f'{translation_key}_{table.lower()}' if table else None
+
     return SelectDesc(
-        key='cycle', name='Cycle', icon=icon, translation_key=translation_key,
+        key='cycle', name='Cycle', icon=icon, translation_key=key,
         options=cycle_options,
         exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: bool(cycle_options(resources)),
         rep_fn=lambda rep: option_value(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'), 'Course'),
@@ -231,11 +343,10 @@ def bool_option_write(prefix):
     def write(p, rep, href=None):
         if p not in ('On', 'Off'):
             return None
-        opts = list(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options') or [])
-        if not opts:
+        if not rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'):
             return None
         return ['course', 'vs', '0'], {
-            'x.com.samsung.da.options': replace_in_options(opts, prefix, p),
+            'x.com.samsung.da.options': option_write(prefix, p),
         }
     return write
 

custom_components/localthings/registry/capabilities/oven.py

@@ -122,10 +122,17 @@ def _option_value(options, prefix):
     return None
 
 
-def _replace_in_options(options, prefix, new_value):
-    """Return a new options list with the `<prefix>_*` slot replaced."""
-    return [f"{prefix}_{new_value}" if o.startswith(prefix + '_') else o
-            for o in options]
+def _option_write(prefix, new_value):
+    """A one-token x.com.samsung.da.options write, mirroring
+    laundry.option_write. NOT independently confirmed on an oven -- issue
+    #54 only confirmed prefix-merge-on-write for a washer's /course/vs/0.
+    This extrapolates that same vendor field/contract to the oven's
+    /mode/vs/0, on the assumption the firmware handles the array the same
+    way there. If that assumption is wrong for some oven, a device that
+    replaces the field outright instead of merging would drop every other
+    option in it (Sound/fastpreheat/etc.) on the next write -- revisit if a
+    real device report surfaces that."""
+    return [f'{prefix}_{new_value}']
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -175,47 +182,41 @@ def _oven_mode_write(p, rep, href=None):
 def _lamp_write(p, rep, href=None):
     if p not in ('On', 'Off'):
         return None
-    opts = list(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options') or [])
-    if not opts:
+    if not rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'):
         return None
     return ['mode', 'vs', '0'], {
-        'x.com.samsung.da.options': _replace_in_options(opts, 'UpperLamp', p),
+        'x.com.samsung.da.options': _option_write('UpperLamp', p),
     }
 
 
 def _sound_write(p, rep, href=None):
     if p not in ('On', 'Off'):
         return None
-    opts = list(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options') or [])
-    if not opts:
+    if not rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'):
         return None
     return ['mode', 'vs', '0'], {
-        'x.com.samsung.da.options': _replace_in_options(opts, 'Sound', p),
+        'x.com.samsung.da.options': _option_write('Sound', p),
     }
 
 
 def _fastpreheat_write(p, rep, href=None):
     if p not in ('On', 'Off'):
         return None
-    opts = list(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options') or [])
-    if not opts:
+    if not rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'):
         return None
     return ['mode', 'vs', '0'], {
-        'x.com.samsung.da.options': _replace_in_options(opts, 'fastpreheat', p),
+        'x.com.samsung.da.options': _option_write('fastpreheat', p),
     }
 
 
 def _naturalsteam_write(p, rep, href=None):
     if p not in ('On', 'Off'):
         return None
-    opts = list(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options') or [])
-    if not opts:
+    if not rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'):
         return None
-    if not any(o.startswith('NaturalSteam_') for o in opts):
-        opts = opts + [f'NaturalSteam_{p}']
-    else:
-        opts = _replace_in_options(opts, 'NaturalSteam', p)
-    return ['mode', 'vs', '0'], {'x.com.samsung.da.options': opts}
+    return ['mode', 'vs', '0'], {
+        'x.com.samsung.da.options': _option_write('NaturalSteam', p),
+    }
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

custom_components/localthings/registry/capabilities/washer.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from ..capability import Capability
 from ..entities import BinarySensorDesc, SelectDesc, SensorDesc
 from .laundry import (
     bool_option_exists, bool_option_switch, cycle_options, cycle_select, hex_pairs, option_value,
-    replace_in_options,
+    option_write,
 )
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -215,8 +215,7 @@ def _dosing_level(prefix):
 
 def _level_write(prefix):
     def write(p, rep, href=None):
-        opts = list(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options') or [])
-        if not opts:
+        if not rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'):
             return None
         # `p` is the zero-padded supported code the UI selected (e.g. '03');
         # the device stores the level un-padded (e.g. '3'), matching how it
@@ -226,7 +225,7 @@ def _level_write(prefix):
         except (TypeError, ValueError):
             native = p
         return ['course', 'vs', '0'], {
-            'x.com.samsung.da.options': replace_in_options(opts, prefix, native),
+            'x.com.samsung.da.options': option_write(prefix, native),
         }
     return write
 
@@ -293,7 +292,8 @@ def _bool_option_switch(key, name, icon, prefix, availability_field):
 WASHER_COURSE = Capability(
     href='/course/vs/0',
     entities=(
-        cycle_select(translation_key='washer_cycle', icon='mdi:washing-machine'),
+        cycle_select(translation_key='washer_cycle', icon='mdi:washing-machine',
+                     table_href='/st/washercourse/vs/0'),
         SensorDesc(key='drum_clean_cycles_remaining', name='Drum clean due in',
                    icon='mdi:washing-machine-alert', unit='cycles',
                    state_class='measurement',

custom_components/localthings/registry/entities.py

@@ -28,7 +28,12 @@ class SamsungEntityDescription:
     key: str
     field: str = ''
     name: Optional[str] = None
-    translation_key: Optional[str] = None
+    translation_key: Any = None  # str | Callable[[dict[str, dict]], Optional[str]]
+    # callable form receives the coordinator's full href->rep resource
+    # snapshot and returns the key to use (or None for no translation this
+    # device) -- for a descriptor shared across board generations whose
+    # state-code meaning isn't guaranteed consistent between them; see
+    # laundry.cycle_select's table-id-gated resolver.
     icon: Optional[str] = None
     entity_category: Optional[str] = None      # 'diagnostic' | 'config' | None
     enabled_default: bool = True

custom_components/localthings/select.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
+from typing import Optional
 
 from homeassistant.components.select import SelectEntity
 from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry
@@ -31,9 +32,14 @@ async def async_setup_entry(
 _CAMEL_BOUNDARY_RE = re.compile(r'(?<=[a-z0-9])(?=[A-Z])')
 
 
-def _display(value, desc: SelectDesc):
+def _display(value, translation_key: Optional[str]):
     """Turn a raw device option/state value into what's shown in the UI.
 
+    `translation_key` is the entity's already-resolved key (SelectDesc.
+    translation_key can itself be a callable -- see entities.py -- so
+    callers pass the resolved value, e.g. self.translation_key, not
+    the raw descriptor field).
+
     An entity with a translation_key looks its state up in strings.json,
     and hassfest requires those keys to be lowercase -- so those values
     must be lowercased exactly to match, and the device still expects
@@ -50,7 +56,7 @@ def _display(value, desc: SelectDesc):
     """
     if not isinstance(value, str):
         return value
-    if desc.translation_key:
+    if translation_key:
         return value.lower()
     if value.islower():
         return value.replace('_', ' ').title()
@@ -63,7 +69,7 @@ class LocalThingsSelect(LocalThingsEntity, SelectEntity):
         super().__init__(coordinator, bound)
         desc: SelectDesc = bound.desc
         if not desc.options_field and not callable(desc.options):
-            self._attr_options = [_display(o, desc) for o in desc.options]
+            self._attr_options = [_display(o, self.translation_key) for o in desc.options]
 
     def _raw_options(self) -> list[str]:
         desc: SelectDesc = self._bound.desc
@@ -83,17 +89,17 @@ class LocalThingsSelect(LocalThingsEntity, SelectEntity):
     def options(self) -> list[str]:
         desc: SelectDesc = self._bound.desc
         if desc.options_field or callable(desc.options):
-            return [_display(o, desc) for o in self._raw_options()]
+            return [_display(o, self.translation_key) for o in self._raw_options()]
         return self._attr_options
 
     @property
     def current_option(self):
         raw = (self.coordinator.data or {}).get(self._state_key)
-        return _display(raw, self._bound.desc)
+        return _display(raw, self.translation_key)
 
     async def async_select_option(self, option: str) -> None:
-        desc: SelectDesc = self._bound.desc
         raw = next(
-            (o for o in self._raw_options() if _display(o, desc) == option), option
+            (o for o in self._raw_options() if _display(o, self.translation_key) == option),
+            option,
         )
         await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, raw)

custom_components/localthings/strings.json

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
           "8f": "Baby Care"
         }
       },
-      "washer_cycle": {
+      "washer_cycle_table_02": {
         "state": {
           "1c": "Eco 40-60",
           "1d": "Super Speed",
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
           "1f": "Intense Cold"
         }
       },
-      "dryer_cycle": {
+      "dryer_cycle_table_03": {
         "state": {
           "16": "Cotton",
           "18": "Synthetics",
@@ -250,11 +250,47 @@
     "step": {
       "init": {
         "title": "Local Things Options",
+        "menu_options": {
+          "settings": "Remote control write settings",
+          "debug_write": "Debug: write to a resource"
+        }
+      },
+      "settings": {
+        "title": "Remote control write settings",
         "description": "Some devices accept certain writes (e.g. default detergent/softener dosing on a washer) even while reporting remote control off. By default, LocalThings blocks every write with a clear error whenever a device reports remote control off, rather than letting the device silently reject it. Only enable this if you've confirmed writes actually work on this device with remote control off -- otherwise you'll trade that clear error for a silent failure.",
         "data": {
           "bypass_remote_control_lock": "Allow writes even when remote control is reported off"
         }
+      },
+      "debug_write": {
+        "title": "Debug: write to a resource",
+        "description": "Power-user tool for pinning down device-specific write behavior. Pick the resource (href) you want to write to, or type a custom one that isn't listed. This bypasses the remote-control-off block and sends exactly the fields you provide -- it can misconfigure your appliance, so use it deliberately.",
+        "data": {
+          "href": "Resource href"
+        }
+      },
+      "debug_edit": {
+        "title": "Debug write: {href}",
+        "description": "Current value of `{href}`:\n```\n{current_value}\n```\nEnter ONLY the field(s) you want to change below. What you enter is sent to the device as-is (a partial update); it is NOT merged with the fields shown above, so don't paste the whole value back. Mind the types: a numeric string like \"1\" must stay quoted -- a bare 1 is sent as an integer, which some devices reject.",
+        "data": {
+          "payload": "Payload to write"
+        }
+      },
+      "debug_result": {
+        "title": "Debug write result",
+        "description": "The device returned CoAP code {code}. A 2.xx class means the write was accepted; 4.xx/5.xx means it was rejected. The resource now reads:\n```\n{new_value}\n```\nIf the value is unchanged, the device likely dropped the write. Pick what to do next:",
+        "menu_options": {
+          "debug_write": "Write another resource",
+          "finish": "Finish"
+        }
       }
+    },
+    "error": {
+      "empty_payload": "Enter at least one field to write.",
+      "write_failed": "The write failed. Check the Home Assistant logs for details."
+    },
+    "abort": {
+      "not_loaded": "This device isn't connected yet. Try again once it has loaded."
     }
   },
   "issues": {

custom_components/localthings/translations/en.json

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
           "8f": "Baby Care"
         }
       },
-      "washer_cycle": {
+      "washer_cycle_table_02": {
         "state": {
           "1c": "Eco 40-60",
           "1d": "Super Speed",
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
           "1f": "Intense Cold"
         }
       },
-      "dryer_cycle": {
+      "dryer_cycle_table_03": {
         "state": {
           "16": "Cotton",
           "18": "Synthetics",
@@ -250,11 +250,47 @@
     "step": {
       "init": {
         "title": "Local Things Options",
+        "menu_options": {
+          "settings": "Remote control write settings",
+          "debug_write": "Debug: write to a resource"
+        }
+      },
+      "settings": {
+        "title": "Remote control write settings",
         "description": "Some devices accept certain writes (e.g. default detergent/softener dosing on a washer) even while reporting remote control off. By default, LocalThings blocks every write with a clear error whenever a device reports remote control off, rather than letting the device silently reject it. Only enable this if you've confirmed writes actually work on this device with remote control off -- otherwise you'll trade that clear error for a silent failure.",
         "data": {
           "bypass_remote_control_lock": "Allow writes even when remote control is reported off"
         }
+      },
+      "debug_write": {
+        "title": "Debug: write to a resource",
+        "description": "Power-user tool for pinning down device-specific write behavior. Pick the resource (href) you want to write to, or type a custom one that isn't listed. This bypasses the remote-control-off block and sends exactly the fields you provide -- it can misconfigure your appliance, so use it deliberately.",
+        "data": {
+          "href": "Resource href"
+        }
+      },
+      "debug_edit": {
+        "title": "Debug write: {href}",
+        "description": "Current value of `{href}`:\n```\n{current_value}\n```\nEnter ONLY the field(s) you want to change below. What you enter is sent to the device as-is (a partial update); it is NOT merged with the fields shown above, so don't paste the whole value back. Mind the types: a numeric string like \"1\" must stay quoted -- a bare 1 is sent as an integer, which some devices reject.",
+        "data": {
+          "payload": "Payload to write"
+        }
+      },
+      "debug_result": {
+        "title": "Debug write result",
+        "description": "The device returned CoAP code {code}. A 2.xx class means the write was accepted; 4.xx/5.xx means it was rejected. The resource now reads:\n```\n{new_value}\n```\nIf the value is unchanged, the device likely dropped the write. Pick what to do next:",
+        "menu_options": {
+          "debug_write": "Write another resource",
+          "finish": "Finish"
+        }
       }
+    },
+    "error": {
+      "empty_payload": "Enter at least one field to write.",
+      "write_failed": "The write failed. Check the Home Assistant logs for details."
+    },
+    "abort": {
+      "not_loaded": "This device isn't connected yet. Try again once it has loaded."
     }
   },
   "issues": {

tests/fixtures/airconditioner_caww_tp2_device.json

@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+{
+  "device0": [
+    {
+      "rt": [
+        "x.com.samsung.devcol",
+        "oic.wk.col"
+      ],
+      "if": [
+        "oic.if.baseline",
+        "oic.if.ll",
+        "oic.if.b"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/aisleep/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.displayNightMode": "Off",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.elapsedTime": "0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.requestFeedback": "Off",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.resultFeedback": "0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.statusFeedback": "Idle",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.sleepTime": "14002200",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.sleepMode": "Off"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/alarms/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.items": [
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "0",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "Alarm",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.alarmType": "Device",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.code": "ErrorCode_OFF",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.triggeredTime": "2026-07-23T05:13:21",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.state": "Deleted"
+          },
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "1",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "Alarm",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.alarmType": "Device",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.code": "FilterAlarm_OFF",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.triggeredTime": "2026-07-23T05:13:21",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.state": "Deleted"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/availablecontrolsets/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.sets": "000100B4012C0000120000000000",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.id": "CAC",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.version": "1.0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/configuration/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.region": "4131000000",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.airconOptionList": [
+          "DR",
+          "SingleCommand_1.0",
+          "AI_2.0"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/diagnosis/vs/0",
+      "rep": {}
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/drlc/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.drlcLevel": "0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.durationminutes": "0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.start": "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.override": "Off",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.realSaving": "Off"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/energy/consumption/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.instantaneousPower": "153.000000",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativePower": "239209",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeSavedPower": "7201",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeUnit": "Wh",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.instantaneousPowerUnit": "W",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativePowerType": "total",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.saveLocation": "/mnt/usage.db"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/file/information/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.timeoffset": "+09:00",
+        "x.com.samsung.supprtedtype": 1
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/filter/airdustfilter/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.filterUsage": "85",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.filterUsageResolution": "1",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.filterStatus": "normal",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.filterCapacity": "1000",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.filterCapacityUnit": "Hour",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.filterResetType": [
+          "replaceable",
+          "washable"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/humidity/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.humidity": "0.000000",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.fivepercentHumidity": "83"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/information/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.modelNum": "A-CAWW-TP2-20-COMMON|10241941|600301170016110B40000F2000F2AD00",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.description": "A-CAWW-TP2-20-COMMON",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.serialNum": "**REDACTED**",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.otnDUID": "**REDACTED**",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagProtocolType": "WIFI_HTTPS",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagLogType": [
+          "errCode",
+          "dump"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagDumpType": "file",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagEndPoint": "SSM",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagMnid": "0AJT",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagSetupid": "023",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagMinVersion": "1.0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.items": [
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "0",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "Version",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.type": "Software",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.number": "02274A260512",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.newVersionAvailable": "0"
+          },
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "1",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "Version",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.type": "Firmware",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.number": "02419A25051901,FFFFFFFFFFFFFF",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.newVersionAvailable": "0"
+          },
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "2",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "Version",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.type": "Outdoor",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.number": "FFFFFFFFFFFFFF,FFFFFFFFFFFFFF"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/keepnormalstate/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.keepnormal": 0
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/mode/convenient/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.modes": "Off",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes": [
+          "Off",
+          "Nano",
+          "LongWind",
+          "Speed",
+          "Sleep",
+          "NanoSleep"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/mode/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.workingMode": "Auto",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes": [
+          "Auto",
+          "Cool",
+          "Dry",
+          "Fan",
+          "AIComfort"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.modes": [
+          "Auto"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.options": [
+          "Sleep_0",
+          "ArtificialWorking_Off",
+          "ComfortAICooling_Off",
+          "AiTempChanged_Off",
+          "AiTemp_240",
+          "OutdoorTemp_82",
+          "Light_Off",
+          "Volume_100",
+          "KeyInputPermit_On",
+          "ModePermit_NoLimit",
+          "UpdateAllow_NotAllowed",
+          "DurationOn_419",
+          "WelcomeCoolingState_Off"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/option/autoclean/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.status": "Stop",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.settingStatus": "On",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.progress": "0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedStatus": [
+          "Start",
+          "Stop"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedSettingStatus": [
+          "On",
+          "Off"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/option/muteonce/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "muteonce": "Off"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/otninformation/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.target": "",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.newVersionAvailable": "false",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.newVersionNo": "00000000",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.currentVersionInfo": "00000000",
+        "otnStatus": "None",
+        "flashingProgress": "",
+        "otnTarget": "main",
+        "otnCompleteDate": "noHistory",
+        "otnList": [
+          {
+            "type": "WIFI",
+            "modelId": "A-CAWW-TP2-20-COMMON",
+            "versions": [
+              "14260512"
+            ],
+            "visVersion": "260512"
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "Micom",
+            "modelId": "040010241941FFFFFFFF",
+            "versions": [
+              "25051901",
+              "FFFFFFFF"
+            ],
+            "visVersion": "250519"
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "Micom",
+            "modelId": "0400FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF",
+            "versions": [
+              "FFFFFFFF",
+              "FFFFFFFF"
+            ],
+            "visVersion": ""
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/power/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.power": "Off"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/realtimenotiforclient/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.timeforshortnoti": "0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.longnotisubscription": "true",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.periodicnotisubscription": "true"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/reserverulesets/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.sets": "1F121E121E121E121EFFFFFFFF010001000F0001000E0000001C",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.id": "CAC",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.version": "1.0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/sac/installationinfo/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "installationOptions": [
+          {
+            "id": "0",
+            "option": "17444980C80171700010"
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "1",
+            "option": "28010000000000000100"
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "2",
+            "option": "50000000000000000000"
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "3",
+            "option": "30000000000000000000"
+          }
+        ],
+        "installationDeviceNum": [
+          {
+            "id": "0",
+            "number": "01"
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "1",
+            "number": "04"
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "2",
+            "number": "00"
+          }
+        ],
+        "outdoorInfo": [
+          {
+            "id": "0",
+            "info": "01900A230418",
+            "serial": "**REDACTED**"
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "1",
+            "info": "000000000000",
+            "serial": "**REDACTED**"
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "2",
+            "info": "000000000000",
+            "serial": "**REDACTED**"
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "3",
+            "info": "000000000000",
+            "serial": "**REDACTED**"
+          }
+        ],
+        "mcuInfo": [
+          {
+            "id": "0",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "1",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "2",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "3",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "4",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "5",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "6",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "7",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "8",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "9",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "10",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "11",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "12",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "13",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "14",
+            "info": ""
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "15",
+            "info": ""
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/temperature/control/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.increment": "0.5"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/temperatures/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.items": [
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "0",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "Temperature",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.desired": "27.0",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.current": "29.0",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.maximum": "30",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.minimum": "18",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.increment": "0.5",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.unit": "Celsius"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/timezone/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "timezoneid": "Asia/Seoul",
+        "offset": "+09:00",
+        "DST": "OFF"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/wind/direction/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.modes": "Fix",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes": [
+          "Up_And_Low",
+          "Fix",
+          "Left_And_Right",
+          "All"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/wind/strength/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.modes": "0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes": [
+          "0",
+          "1",
+          "2",
+          "3"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.modesName": [
+          "Auto",
+          "Low",
+          "Mid",
+          "High"
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

tests/fixtures/golden/air_purifier.json

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 {
   "state_keys": [
     "alarm_code",
-    "blooming_level",
     "clean_level",
     "device_active",
     "diagnosis_status",

tests/fixtures/golden/airconditioner_caww_tp2.json

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "state_keys": [
+    "air_filter_status",
+    "air_filter_usage",
+    "alarm_code",
+    "auto_clean",
+    "climate",
+    "diagnosis_status",
+    "energy_kwh",
+    "energy_saved_kwh",
+    "firmware_update",
+    "mute_once",
+    "power_watts"
+  ]
+}

tests/fixtures/golden/washer_flexwash.json

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
   "state_keys": [
     "alarm_code",
     "child_lock",
+    "cycle",
     "cycle_active",
     "delay_start_hours",
     "detergent_low",

tests/localthings/test_config_flow.py

@@ -279,6 +279,20 @@ def test_probe_marks_washer_as_recognized(monkeypatch):
     assert recognized is True
 
 
+async def test_options_flow_init_shows_menu(hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
+    """The options flow's entry point is now a menu (issue #54's debug
+    panel lives alongside the remote-control settings), not the settings
+    form directly."""
+    entry = MockConfigEntry(domain=DOMAIN, data=ENTRY_DATA, unique_id=f'localthings_{MOCK_SERIAL}')
+    entry.add_to_hass(hass)
+
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_init(entry.entry_id)
+
+    assert result['type'] == FlowResultType.MENU
+    assert result['step_id'] == 'init'
+    assert set(result['menu_options']) == {'settings', 'debug_write'}
+
+
 async def test_options_flow_default_is_off(hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
     """The bypass defaults to False, so devices that never touch this
     option see no change in the remote-control write block."""
@@ -286,9 +300,12 @@ async def test_options_flow_default_is_off(hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
     entry.add_to_hass(hass)
 
     result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_init(entry.entry_id)
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+        result['flow_id'], user_input={'next_step_id': 'settings'}
+    )
 
     assert result['type'] == FlowResultType.FORM
-    assert result['step_id'] == 'init'
+    assert result['step_id'] == 'settings'
     assert result['data_schema']({})[CONF_BYPASS_REMOTE_CONTROL] is False
 
 
@@ -299,6 +316,9 @@ async def test_options_flow_can_enable_bypass(hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
     entry.add_to_hass(hass)
 
     result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_init(entry.entry_id)
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+        result['flow_id'], user_input={'next_step_id': 'settings'}
+    )
     result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
         result['flow_id'], user_input={CONF_BYPASS_REMOTE_CONTROL: True}
     )
@@ -317,5 +337,140 @@ async def test_options_flow_reflects_previously_saved_value(hass: HomeAssistant)
     entry.add_to_hass(hass)
 
     result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_init(entry.entry_id)
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+        result['flow_id'], user_input={'next_step_id': 'settings'}
+    )
 
     assert result['data_schema']({})[CONF_BYPASS_REMOTE_CONTROL] is True
+
+
+async def test_options_flow_debug_write_shows_hrefs_from_coordinator(
+    hass: HomeAssistant, mock_coordinator_session,
+) -> None:
+    """The debug panel's href dropdown is populated from the live
+    coordinator's cached resources, not a static list."""
+    entry = MockConfigEntry(domain=DOMAIN, data=ENTRY_DATA, unique_id=f'localthings_{MOCK_SERIAL}')
+    entry.add_to_hass(hass)
+    await hass.config_entries.async_setup(entry.entry_id)
+    await hass.async_block_till_done()
+
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_init(entry.entry_id)
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+        result['flow_id'], user_input={'next_step_id': 'debug_write'}
+    )
+
+    assert result['type'] == FlowResultType.FORM
+    assert result['step_id'] == 'debug_write'
+
+
+async def test_options_flow_debug_write_aborts_when_device_not_loaded(
+    hass: HomeAssistant,
+) -> None:
+    """No coordinator in hass.data (device never finished loading) means
+    the debug panel has nothing to write to or read from."""
+    entry = MockConfigEntry(domain=DOMAIN, data=ENTRY_DATA, unique_id=f'localthings_{MOCK_SERIAL}')
+    entry.add_to_hass(hass)
+
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_init(entry.entry_id)
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+        result['flow_id'], user_input={'next_step_id': 'debug_write'}
+    )
+
+    assert result['type'] == FlowResultType.ABORT
+    assert result['reason'] == 'not_loaded'
+
+
+async def test_options_flow_debug_edit_writes_and_shows_result(
+    hass: HomeAssistant, mock_coordinator_session,
+) -> None:
+    """Picking an href, then submitting a payload, drives
+    coordinator.async_raw_write and lands on the result menu with the
+    device's response."""
+    entry = MockConfigEntry(domain=DOMAIN, data=ENTRY_DATA, unique_id=f'localthings_{MOCK_SERIAL}')
+    entry.add_to_hass(hass)
+    await hass.config_entries.async_setup(entry.entry_id)
+    await hass.async_block_till_done()
+
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_init(entry.entry_id)
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+        result['flow_id'], user_input={'next_step_id': 'debug_write'}
+    )
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+        result['flow_id'], user_input={'href': '/washer/vs/0'},
+    )
+    assert result['type'] == FlowResultType.FORM
+    assert result['step_id'] == 'debug_edit'
+
+    with patch(
+        'custom_components.localthings.coordinator.LocalThingsCoordinator.async_raw_write',
+        return_value=(0x44, {'a': 1}),
+    ):
+        result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+            result['flow_id'], user_input={'payload': {'a': 1}},
+        )
+
+    assert result['type'] == FlowResultType.MENU
+    assert result['step_id'] == 'debug_result'
+    assert result['description_placeholders']['code'] == '2.04 (0x44)'
+
+
+async def test_options_flow_debug_edit_rejects_empty_payload(
+    hass: HomeAssistant, mock_coordinator_session,
+) -> None:
+    entry = MockConfigEntry(domain=DOMAIN, data=ENTRY_DATA, unique_id=f'localthings_{MOCK_SERIAL}')
+    entry.add_to_hass(hass)
+    await hass.config_entries.async_setup(entry.entry_id)
+    await hass.async_block_till_done()
+
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_init(entry.entry_id)
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+        result['flow_id'], user_input={'next_step_id': 'debug_write'}
+    )
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+        result['flow_id'], user_input={'href': '/washer/vs/0'},
+    )
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+        result['flow_id'], user_input={'payload': {}},
+    )
+
+    assert result['type'] == FlowResultType.FORM
+    assert result['step_id'] == 'debug_edit'
+    assert result['errors'] == {'payload': 'empty_payload'}
+
+
+async def test_options_flow_finish_preserves_existing_options(
+    hass: HomeAssistant, mock_coordinator_session,
+) -> None:
+    """Finishing from the debug-result menu must not clobber a previously
+    saved remote-control bypass setting."""
+    entry = MockConfigEntry(
+        domain=DOMAIN, data=ENTRY_DATA, unique_id=f'localthings_{MOCK_SERIAL}',
+        options={CONF_BYPASS_REMOTE_CONTROL: True},
+    )
+    entry.add_to_hass(hass)
+    await hass.config_entries.async_setup(entry.entry_id)
+    await hass.async_block_till_done()
+
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_init(entry.entry_id)
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+        result['flow_id'], user_input={'next_step_id': 'debug_write'}
+    )
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+        result['flow_id'], user_input={'href': '/washer/vs/0'},
+    )
+    with patch(
+        'custom_components.localthings.coordinator.LocalThingsCoordinator.async_raw_write',
+        return_value=(0x44, {'a': 1}),
+    ):
+        result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+            result['flow_id'], user_input={'payload': {'a': 1}},
+        )
+    assert result['type'] == FlowResultType.MENU
+    assert result['step_id'] == 'debug_result'
+
+    result = await hass.config_entries.options.async_configure(
+        result['flow_id'], user_input={'next_step_id': 'finish'}
+    )
+
+    assert result['type'] == FlowResultType.CREATE_ENTRY
+    assert entry.options[CONF_BYPASS_REMOTE_CONTROL] is True

tests/test_air_purifier_capabilities.py

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def test_expected_entities_present():
         'power_switch', 'alarm_code', 'dust', 'fine_dust', 'super_fine_dust',
         'odor', 'clean_level', 'filter_progress', 'device_active',
         'diagnosis_status', 'fan_speed_level', 'fan_direction',
-        'display_light', 'operating_mode', 'blooming_level',
+        'display_light', 'operating_mode',
     ):
         assert key in state, key
 
@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ def test_air_quality_sensor_values():
 
 
 def test_filter_progress_reads_named_consumable_item():
+    """FilterProgress is confirmed (issue #56) to count up as the filter
+    wears -- 100 means fully used and needs replacing, not "brand new"."""
     assert _state()['filter_progress'] == 100
 
 
@@ -71,9 +73,10 @@ def test_diagnosis_reuses_dishwasher_capability():
 
 
 def test_light_switch_write_contract():
-    """The display-light switch RMW-replaces only the 'Light_*' entry in the
-    packed /mode/vs/0 options list (via laundry.replace_in_options), leaving
-    the other flags and the list order untouched."""
+    """The display-light switch writes only the changed 'Light_*' token
+    (via laundry.option_write) -- confirmed on real hardware (issue #54)
+    that the device merges by prefix itself, so no read-modify-write of the
+    whole packed /mode/vs/0 options list is needed."""
     desc = next(e for e in air_purifier.MODE.entities if e.key == 'display_light')
     rep = {'x.com.samsung.da.options': [
         'Comode_Off', 'Blooming_0', 'Light_On', 'OptionCode_60282',
@@ -81,24 +84,29 @@ def test_light_switch_write_contract():
     assert desc.rep_fn(rep) is True
     assert desc.write_fn('Off', rep) == (
         ['mode', 'vs', '0'],
-        {'x.com.samsung.da.options': [
-            'Comode_Off', 'Blooming_0', 'Light_Off', 'OptionCode_60282',
-        ]},
+        {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['Light_Off']},
     )
 
 
-def test_mode_tokens_are_read_only_diagnostics():
-    """Comode_/Blooming_ tokens surface as raw diagnostic sensors rather than
-    a select/control -- their valid value ranges aren't confirmed yet (see
-    the air_purifier.py module docstring and the issue #56 follow-up)."""
+def test_operating_mode_is_a_read_only_diagnostic():
+    """Comode_* surfaces as a raw diagnostic sensor rather than a select/
+    control -- issue #56's five running-state dumps confirmed it reads 'Off'
+    regardless of the device's actual fan setting, ruling out the original
+    guess that it was the fan-speed selector; its real purpose is still
+    unconfirmed (see the air_purifier.py module docstring)."""
     operating_mode = next(e for e in air_purifier.MODE.entities if e.key == 'operating_mode')
-    blooming = next(e for e in air_purifier.MODE.entities if e.key == 'blooming_level')
-    rep = {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['Comode_Off', 'Blooming_6']}
+    rep = {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['Comode_Off']}
     assert operating_mode.rep_fn(rep) == 'Off'
-    assert blooming.rep_fn(rep) == '6'
     assert not hasattr(operating_mode, 'write_fn')
 
 
+def test_blooming_not_modeled():
+    """Confirmed (issue #56) to have no corresponding SmartThings app
+    setting -- dropped entirely rather than kept as an unexplained
+    diagnostic."""
+    assert not any(e.key == 'blooming_level' for e in air_purifier.MODE.entities)
+
+
 def test_airflow_vs_fallback_only_binds_without_generic():
     """/airflow/vs/0 is a match_fn fallback -- it must not bind when the
     OCF-standard /airflow/0 is also present (both are on every dump seen)."""

tests/test_airconditioner_capabilities.py

@@ -215,6 +215,30 @@ def test_tp1x_rac_expected_state_keys_present():
         assert key in state, key
 
 
+def test_caww_tp2_model_resolves_via_model_fallback():
+    """A-CAWW-TP2-20-COMMON (issue #52, System AC) reports no oneUiVersion
+    and no '_RAC_'/'_PRAC_' token -- resolved via the '-CAWW-' modelNum
+    fallback added for this device."""
+    reg, _ = _resolve('airconditioner_caww_tp2')
+    assert reg is not None and reg.name == 'airconditioner'
+
+
+def test_caww_tp2_no_unbound_hrefs():
+    """Every resource in the issue #52 dump binds or is ignored -- clears
+    the coverage-gap repair. Only new href beyond the existing RAC/PRAC
+    surface is /sac/installationinfo/vs/0 (opaque SAC installation topology,
+    ignored)."""
+    reg, resources = _resolve('airconditioner_caww_tp2')
+    unbound = []
+    discover(resources, reg.capabilities, reg.pattern_capabilities, log=unbound.append)
+    assert unbound == []
+
+
+def test_caww_tp2_sac_installationinfo_is_ignored():
+    ignored_hrefs = {cap.href for cap in airconditioner.COVERAGE}
+    assert '/sac/installationinfo/vs/0' in ignored_hrefs
+
+
 def test_mute_once_write_target():
     write = airconditioner.MUTE_ONCE.entities[0].write_fn
     assert write('On', {}) == (['option', 'muteonce', 'vs', '0'], {'muteonce': 'On'})

tests/test_common_capabilities.py

@@ -26,6 +26,37 @@ def test_common_caps_discover_on_dishwasher(dishwasher_resources):
     assert 'power_switch' in keys
 
 
+class TestMergeOptionsField:
+    """merge_options_field() is the read side of issue #54's finding: a
+    write only needs to carry the changed token, so the coordinator uses
+    this to keep its optimistic cache entry complete (every sibling option
+    still present) without waiting on a real poll."""
+
+    def test_replaces_matching_prefix(self):
+        cached = ['DeviceType_0167', 'Course_16', 'GMT_04']
+        assert common.merge_options_field(cached, ['Course_1D']) == [
+            'DeviceType_0167', 'Course_1D', 'GMT_04',
+        ]
+
+    def test_appends_when_prefix_absent(self):
+        cached = ['DeviceType_0167']
+        assert common.merge_options_field(cached, ['NaturalSteam_On']) == [
+            'DeviceType_0167', 'NaturalSteam_On',
+        ]
+
+    def test_merges_multiple_tokens_independently(self):
+        cached = ['DetergentLevelCtrl_1', 'SoftenerLevelCtrl_0', 'GMT_04']
+        merged = common.merge_options_field(cached, ['SoftenerLevelCtrl_2'])
+        assert merged == ['DetergentLevelCtrl_1', 'SoftenerLevelCtrl_2', 'GMT_04']
+
+    def test_handles_missing_cache(self):
+        assert common.merge_options_field(None, ['Course_1D']) == ['Course_1D']
+
+    def test_ignores_malformed_tokens(self):
+        cached = ['Course_16']
+        assert common.merge_options_field(cached, ['nounderscore']) == ['Course_16']
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # OCF-native / vendor '-vs' fallback pairs (power, kids-lock, remote control).
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

tests/test_coordinator_raw_write.py

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""Tests for LocalThingsCoordinator.async_raw_write -- the debug-only
+arbitrary-href write primitive backing the options-flow debug panel
+(issue #54). It deliberately bypasses the remote-control block and every
+write_fn/validate_fn, so this only exercises the primitive itself: it
+POSTs exactly the caller's body, reads the href back, and validates its
+inputs.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock
+
+import cbor2
+import pytest
+from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
+from homeassistant.exceptions import ServiceValidationError
+from pytest_homeassistant_custom_component.common import MockConfigEntry
+
+from custom_components.localthings.const import (
+    CONF_HOST, CONF_LEAF_CERT_PEM, CONF_LEAF_KEY_PEM, CONF_PORT, DOMAIN,
+)
+from custom_components.localthings.coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
+
+ENTRY_DATA = {
+    CONF_HOST: '10.0.0.199',
+    CONF_PORT: 49154,
+    CONF_LEAF_CERT_PEM: '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nTEST-LEAF\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----',
+    CONF_LEAF_KEY_PEM: '-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\nTEST-LEAF-KEY\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----',
+}
+
+
+class _FakeRawWriteSession:
+    """Stand-in for DtlsCoapSession: records every POST verbatim and
+    answers the follow-up GET with a canned representation -- no real
+    DTLS/network involved."""
+
+    def __init__(self, post_code: int = 0x44, get_rep: dict | None = None):
+        self.post_calls: list[tuple[list[str], bytes]] = []
+        self.get_calls: list[list[str]] = []
+        self._post_code = post_code
+        self._get_rep = {} if get_rep is None else get_rep
+
+    def post(self, path_segs, payload, timeout=None):
+        self.post_calls.append((list(path_segs), payload))
+        return self._post_code, b''
+
+    def get(self, path_segs, timeout=None):
+        self.get_calls.append(list(path_segs))
+        return 0x45, cbor2.dumps(self._get_rep)
+
+    def pace(self):
+        pass
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def coordinator(hass: HomeAssistant) -> LocalThingsCoordinator:
+    entry = MockConfigEntry(
+        domain=DOMAIN, data=ENTRY_DATA, unique_id='localthings_RAWWRITE-TEST',
+    )
+    entry.add_to_hass(hass)
+    coord = LocalThingsCoordinator(hass, entry)
+    # async_raw_write kicks a full refresh after the write; a real refresh
+    # would try to poll a session that doesn't exist for this unit test, so
+    # replace it with a no-op the same way the reference test setup does.
+    coord.async_request_refresh = AsyncMock()
+    return coord
+
+
+async def test_raw_write_splits_href_and_posts_exact_body(coordinator) -> None:
+    fake = _FakeRawWriteSession(post_code=0x44, get_rep={'x.field': 'after'})
+    coordinator._session = fake
+
+    body = {'x.com.samsung.da.field': 'value', 'n': 1}
+    code, new_rep = await coordinator.async_raw_write('/course/vs/0', body)
+
+    assert len(fake.post_calls) == 1
+    posted_path, posted_bytes = fake.post_calls[0]
+    assert posted_path == ['course', 'vs', '0']
+    assert cbor2.loads(posted_bytes) == body
+
+    assert code == 0x44
+    assert new_rep == {'x.field': 'after'}
+    coordinator.async_request_refresh.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+async def test_raw_write_reads_href_back_for_ground_truth(coordinator) -> None:
+    fake = _FakeRawWriteSession(post_code=0x45, get_rep={'value': 'confirmed'})
+    coordinator._session = fake
+
+    code, new_rep = await coordinator.async_raw_write('/washer/vs/0', {'a': 1})
+
+    assert fake.get_calls == [['washer', 'vs', '0']]
+    assert code == 0x45
+    assert new_rep == {'value': 'confirmed'}
+
+
+async def test_raw_write_returns_coap_code_from_post_not_get(coordinator) -> None:
+    """The returned code reflects the write's own response, even though a
+    follow-up GET (which could carry a different code in principle) runs
+    right after it."""
+    fake = _FakeRawWriteSession(post_code=0x80, get_rep={'value': 1})
+    coordinator._session = fake
+
+    code, _ = await coordinator.async_raw_write('/test/vs/0', {'a': 1})
+
+    assert code == 0x80
+
+
+async def test_raw_write_rejects_empty_dict(coordinator) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(ServiceValidationError):
+        await coordinator.async_raw_write('/washer/vs/0', {})
+
+
+async def test_raw_write_rejects_non_dict_payload(coordinator) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(ServiceValidationError):
+        await coordinator.async_raw_write('/washer/vs/0', ['not', 'a', 'dict'])  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+
+async def test_raw_write_rejects_empty_href(coordinator) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(ServiceValidationError):
+        await coordinator.async_raw_write('', {'a': 1})
+
+
+async def test_raw_write_rejects_root_href(coordinator) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(ServiceValidationError):
+        await coordinator.async_raw_write('/', {'a': 1})
+
+
+async def test_raw_write_validation_errors_do_not_touch_the_session(coordinator) -> None:
+    """A rejected call must fail before ever reaching the network -- no
+    session needs to be connected at all for validation to run."""
+    assert coordinator._session is None
+
+    with pytest.raises(ServiceValidationError):
+        await coordinator.async_raw_write('/washer/vs/0', {})
+
+    assert coordinator._session is None
+    coordinator.async_request_refresh.assert_not_awaited()

tests/test_coordinator_send_command.py

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+"""Tests for LocalThingsCoordinator.async_send_command's optimistic-apply
+step, specifically for x.com.samsung.da.options[] writes (issue #54).
+
+The write itself only needs to carry the single changed token -- confirmed
+on real hardware, the device merges by prefix and evicts the stale token
+itself. But observe.ObserveManager.apply() does a shallow {**cached, **rep}
+field merge, so handing it that same minimal single-token body would
+overwrite the *whole* cached options[] field, wiping every sibling option
+(other courses/levels/toggles packed into the same array) until the next
+real poll lands. async_send_command must pre-merge the token into the
+cached array itself before applying it optimistically, while still POSTing
+only the minimal body over the wire.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock
+
+import cbor2
+import pytest
+from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
+from pytest_homeassistant_custom_component.common import MockConfigEntry
+
+from custom_components.localthings.const import (
+    CONF_HOST, CONF_LEAF_CERT_PEM, CONF_LEAF_KEY_PEM, CONF_PORT, DOMAIN,
+)
+from custom_components.localthings.coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
+from custom_components.localthings.registry.capabilities import laundry
+from custom_components.localthings.registry.discovery import BoundEntity
+
+ENTRY_DATA = {
+    CONF_HOST: '10.0.0.199',
+    CONF_PORT: 49154,
+    CONF_LEAF_CERT_PEM: '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nTEST-LEAF\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----',
+    CONF_LEAF_KEY_PEM: '-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\nTEST-LEAF-KEY\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----',
+}
+
+
+class _FakeSendSession:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.post_calls: list[tuple[list[str], bytes]] = []
+
+    def post(self, path_segs, payload, timeout=None):
+        self.post_calls.append((list(path_segs), payload))
+        return 0x44, b''
+
+    def pace(self):
+        pass
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def coordinator(hass: HomeAssistant) -> LocalThingsCoordinator:
+    entry = MockConfigEntry(
+        domain=DOMAIN, data=ENTRY_DATA, unique_id='localthings_SENDCMD-TEST',
+    )
+    entry.add_to_hass(hass)
+    coord = LocalThingsCoordinator(hass, entry)
+    coord.async_request_refresh = AsyncMock()
+    coord._session = _FakeSendSession()
+    return coord
+
+
+async def test_options_write_posts_only_the_changed_token(coordinator) -> None:
+    href = '/course/vs/0'
+    coordinator._observe.apply(href, {
+        'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['DeviceType_0167', 'Course_16', 'GMT_04'],
+    }, source='poll')
+
+    desc = laundry.cycle_select(translation_key='dryer_cycle', icon='x')
+    bound = BoundEntity(href=href, capability=None, desc=desc)
+
+    await coordinator.async_send_command(bound, '1D')
+
+    posted_path, posted_bytes = coordinator._session.post_calls[0]
+    assert posted_path == ['course', 'vs', '0']
+    assert cbor2.loads(posted_bytes) == {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['Course_1D']}
+
+
+async def test_options_write_optimistic_cache_keeps_sibling_tokens(coordinator) -> None:
+    """The regression this guards: applying the minimal wire body straight
+    to the cache would wipe DeviceType_0167/GMT_04 until the next poll."""
+    href = '/course/vs/0'
+    coordinator._observe.apply(href, {
+        'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['DeviceType_0167', 'Course_16', 'GMT_04'],
+    }, source='poll')
+
+    desc = laundry.cycle_select(translation_key='dryer_cycle', icon='x')
+    bound = BoundEntity(href=href, capability=None, desc=desc)
+
+    await coordinator.async_send_command(bound, '1D')
+
+    cached = coordinator._cache.get(href)
+    assert cached['x.com.samsung.da.options'] == [
+        'DeviceType_0167', 'Course_1D', 'GMT_04',
+    ]

tests/test_dishwasher_capabilities.py

@@ -28,9 +28,7 @@ class TestCycleOptions:
         rep = {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['DeviceType_0001', 'Course_0E', 'GMT_04']}
         path, body = desc.write_fn('90', rep)
         assert path == ['course', 'vs', '0']
-        assert body == {
-            'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['DeviceType_0001', 'Course_90', 'GMT_04'],
-        }
+        assert body == {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['Course_90']}
 
 
 class TestDishwasherOptions:

tests/test_dryer_capabilities.py

@@ -59,11 +59,17 @@ def test_power_watts_gated_for_dead_sentinel():
 
 
 def test_course_bound_to_shared_course_vs_0():
-    """Dryer course uses the shared /course/vs/0 cycle select with dryer_cycle
-    translations, consistent with washer/dishwasher."""
+    """Dryer course uses the shared /course/vs/0 cycle select, with the
+    translation key built from the device's own course table (see
+    laundry.cycle_select) -- confirmed dryers report Table_03, matching
+    the shipped dryer_cycle_table_03 translations, consistent with
+    washer/dishwasher."""
     assert dryer.DRYER_COURSE.href == '/course/vs/0'
     desc = next(e for e in dryer.DRYER_COURSE.entities if e.key == 'cycle')
-    assert desc.translation_key == 'dryer_cycle'
+    assert callable(desc.translation_key)
+    table_03 = {'/st/dryercourse/vs/0': {'x.com.samsung.da.st.courseTable': 'Table_03'}}
+    assert desc.translation_key(table_03) == 'dryer_cycle_table_03'
+    assert desc.translation_key({}) is None
     assert desc.options is laundry.cycle_options
     rep = {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['Course_16', 'GMT_02']}
     assert desc.rep_fn(rep) == '16'

tests/test_fridge_capabilities.py

@@ -258,3 +258,39 @@ class TestRefrigeratorAiEnergyLevelFixtureCoverage:
         assert unbound == []
         state = flatten(bound, resources)
         assert state['ai_energy_level'] == '1'
+
+
+class TestSwitchOffIsNotInverted:
+    """Regression: several fridge SwitchDesc write_fns used ``'On' if p else 'Off'``.
+
+    The switch platform passes the literal string ``'Off'`` on turn-off (and
+    ``'On'`` on turn-on). ``'Off'`` is a non-empty, truthy string, so
+    ``'On' if p else 'Off'`` always evaluated to ``'On'`` — turning the switch
+    OFF silently re-sent ``On`` and the switch could never be turned off. The
+    guard must compare ``p == 'On'`` (as the other capability files already do).
+    """
+
+    # (switch descriptor, payload key it writes)
+    CASES = [
+        (fridge.ICEMAKER_NIGHTTIME.entities[0], 'ice.night.status'),
+        (fridge.STATUS_LOCK.entities[0], 'x.com.samsung.da.ado.devicecontrol'),
+        (fridge.STATUS_LOCK.entities[1], 'x.com.samsung.da.device.sound'),
+        (fridge.DEFROST_DELAY.entities[0], 'x.com.samsung.da.delayDefrost'),
+        (fridge.WELCOME_LIGHTING.entities[0], 'status'),
+        (fridge.CABINET_LIGHT.entities[1], 'light.dimming.status'),
+        (fridge.ICEMAKER_STATUS_FALLBACK.entities[0], 'x.com.samsung.da.iceMaker'),
+    ]
+
+    def test_turning_off_sends_off(self):
+        for desc, key in self.CASES:
+            _segs, payload = desc.write_fn('Off', {})
+            assert payload[key] == 'Off', (
+                f"{desc.key}: OFF must send 'Off', got {payload[key]!r} (inverted)"
+            )
+
+    def test_turning_on_sends_on(self):
+        for desc, key in self.CASES:
+            _segs, payload = desc.write_fn('On', {})
+            assert payload[key] == 'On', (
+                f"{desc.key}: ON must send 'On', got {payload[key]!r}"
+            )

tests/test_golden_regression.py

@@ -213,6 +213,24 @@ def test_registry_reproduces_golden_state_keys_for_tp2x_rac_20k():
     )
 
 
+def test_registry_reproduces_golden_state_keys_for_caww_tp2():
+    """A-CAWW-TP2-20-COMMON (issue #52, System AC / multi-indoor-unit
+    commercial install) reports no oneUiVersion and no '_RAC_'/'_PRAC_'
+    token; resolved via the '-CAWW-' modelNum fallback in
+    for_device_by_model. Otherwise binds cleanly against the existing
+    airconditioner registry -- same TP1X/TP2X-class resource surface, plus
+    one SAC-only installation-topology resource (ignored)."""
+    from tests.conftest import _load_device
+    resources = _load_device('airconditioner_caww_tp2')
+    golden = json.loads((GOLDEN / 'airconditioner_caww_tp2.json').read_text())
+    state_keys = _new_state_keys('airconditioner_caww_tp2', resources)
+    assert set(state_keys) == set(golden['state_keys']), (
+        f"state_keys mismatch:\n"
+        f"  extra:   {sorted(set(state_keys) - set(golden['state_keys']))}\n"
+        f"  missing: {sorted(set(golden['state_keys']) - set(state_keys))}"
+    )
+
+
 def test_registry_reproduces_golden_state_keys_for_tp1x_rac():
     """TP1X_DA-AC-RAC-01001_0000 (issue #38) -- fuller RAC board with display
     light, self-check, mute-once, and a current-limit setting."""

tests/test_laundry_capabilities.py

@@ -35,6 +35,103 @@ class TestCourseHelpers:
         assert laundry.option_value(opts, 'Missing') is None
 
 
+class TestCourseCodesFromSupportedOptions:
+    """cycle_options()'s fallback for boards that populate
+    /wm/editcourse/vs/0 without ever filling in editCourseList itself
+    (issue #1) -- derives the course list from /course/vs/0's own
+    supportedOptions instead."""
+
+    # Real dump from issue #1 (DA_WM_TP1_21_COMMON, WW5000C): a 1-hex-nibble
+    # header followed by 14 self-indexed 7-byte-per-course records. '1C' (the
+    # first record) is confirmed as "Eco 40-60" both by this device's own
+    # currently-selected course matching the SmartThings app screenshot's
+    # checked item, and by six other independent devices' already-shipped
+    # translations agreeing on the same code -> name mapping.
+    _REAL_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS = (
+        '31C8410923FA67F1B847E923FA67F25843E933FA57F20857E943FA67F'
+        '088000913FA67F7485209204A5208780009000A00006841E930FA30F'
+        '7F841E920FA30F65841E943FA57F8F8102923FA57F96841E920FA37F'
+        '34841E923FA67FA0811E933FA33F'
+    )
+
+    def test_derives_codes_when_edit_course_list_is_empty(self):
+        resources = {
+            '/wm/editcourse/vs/0': {'x.com.samsung.da.editCourseList': ''},
+            '/course/vs/0': {
+                'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['Course_1C'],
+                'x.com.samsung.da.supportedOptions': [self._REAL_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS],
+            },
+        }
+        assert laundry.cycle_options(resources) == [
+            '1C', '1B', '25', '20', '08', '74', '87', '06',
+            '7F', '65', '8F', '96', '34', 'A0',
+        ]
+
+    def test_edit_course_list_still_takes_priority(self):
+        """A live editCourseList wins even with supportedOptions present --
+        no reason to prefer a derived list over the authoritative one."""
+        resources = {
+            '/wm/editcourse/vs/0': {'x.com.samsung.da.editCourseList': 'EditCourseList_651C'},
+            '/course/vs/0': {
+                'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['Course_1C'],
+                'x.com.samsung.da.supportedOptions': [self._REAL_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS],
+            },
+        }
+        assert laundry.cycle_options(resources) == ['65', '1C']
+
+    def test_rejects_a_table_missing_the_current_course(self):
+        """The device's own currently-selected course must be a member of
+        its derived list -- a mismatch means the guess is wrong, not that
+        the device selected something outside its own supported set."""
+        resources = {
+            '/course/vs/0': {
+                'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['Course_FF'],
+                'x.com.samsung.da.supportedOptions': [self._REAL_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS],
+            },
+        }
+        assert laundry.cycle_options(resources) == []
+
+    def test_smallest_passing_split_wins_over_its_own_multiples(self):
+        """K=2 and K=4 both trivially re-pass the same two checks here --
+        each is just a sparser sampling of the true, smaller K=1 table (its
+        first bytes are a subset of K=1's, so uniqueness and "contains the
+        current course" carry over for free) -- but K=1 is the real, most
+        specific table and must be the one returned."""
+        resources = {
+            '/course/vs/0': {
+                'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['Course_AA'],
+                'x.com.samsung.da.supportedOptions': ['0AABBCCDD'],
+            },
+        }
+        assert laundry.cycle_options(resources) == ['AA', 'BB', 'CC', 'DD']
+
+    def test_empty_without_supported_options_or_course_href(self):
+        assert laundry.cycle_options({}) == []
+        assert laundry.cycle_options({'/course/vs/0': {}}) == []
+
+    def test_smallest_wins_even_when_a_larger_pass_is_not_a_multiple(self):
+        """Real dishwasher dump (K=7, 10 courses): K=10, 14, and 35 also
+        pass both checks here, and none of them are multiples of 7 --
+        position 0 lands on the same real course code ('0e') regardless of
+        K, which alone satisfies the current-course guard for several
+        unrelated splits. Smallest-K-wins is a heuristic that matches every
+        real dump checked so far, not a proven guarantee -- see
+        _course_codes_from_supported_options's docstring."""
+        resources = {
+            '/course/vs/0': {
+                'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['Course_0E'],
+                'x.com.samsung.da.supportedOptions': [
+                    '30E5434B102D102835034B002D002845034B002D002805034B000D000'
+                    '865034B002D002075000B000D000905000B000D0008D5034B002D0028'
+                    'E5034B000D0008F5034B000D000'
+                ],
+            },
+        }
+        assert laundry.cycle_options(resources) == [
+            '0E', '83', '84', '80', '86', '07', '90', '8D', '8E', '8F',
+        ]
+
+
 class TestCycleSelect:
     def test_builds_labelled_cycle_select(self):
         desc = laundry.cycle_select(translation_key='dryer_cycle', icon='mdi:tumble-dryer')
@@ -56,20 +153,68 @@ class TestCycleSelect:
         live = {'/wm/editcourse/vs/0': {'x.com.samsung.da.editCourseList': 'EditCourseList_16'}}
         assert desc.exists_fn({}, live) is True
 
-    def test_cycle_write_rmw_on_options(self):
+    def test_cycle_write_is_single_token(self):
+        """Confirmed on real hardware (issue #54): the device merges a
+        single-token options[] write by prefix itself, so the write only
+        needs to carry the changed token, not the whole rewritten array."""
         desc = laundry.cycle_select(translation_key='dryer_cycle', icon='x')
         rep = {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['DeviceType_0167', 'Course_16', 'GMT_04']}
         path, body = desc.write_fn('1D', rep)
         assert path == ['course', 'vs', '0']
-        assert body == {
-            'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['DeviceType_0167', 'Course_1D', 'GMT_04'],
-        }
+        assert body == {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['Course_1D']}
 
     def test_cycle_write_noop_without_options(self):
         desc = laundry.cycle_select(translation_key='dryer_cycle', icon='x')
         assert desc.write_fn('1D', {}) is None
 
 
+class TestCycleSelectTableGating:
+    """translation_key becomes a resolver, not a plain string, once
+    table_href is given -- washer/dryer's real call sites (issue: course
+    codes aren't guaranteed consistent across board generations sharing
+    the same /course/vs/0 contract; FlexWash's older board reports a
+    different course table than every device the shipped translations
+    were confirmed against). The resolved key is built from whatever table
+    the device actually reports -- a table with no strings.json entries
+    yet just falls through Home Assistant's own missing-translation
+    handling to raw-code display, the same as any individual untranslated
+    code within an existing table."""
+
+    def _desc(self):
+        return laundry.cycle_select(
+            translation_key='washer_cycle', icon='x',
+            table_href='/st/washercourse/vs/0',
+        )
+
+    def test_static_string_when_no_table_href_given(self):
+        """dishwasher's call site -- no equivalent table-id resource in any
+        dump seen, no evidence of the same cross-board risk -- keeps the
+        plain static key unconditionally."""
+        desc = laundry.cycle_select(translation_key='dishwasher_cycle', icon='x')
+        assert desc.translation_key == 'dishwasher_cycle'
+
+    def test_resolved_key_is_built_from_the_reported_table(self):
+        desc = self._desc()
+        resources = {'/st/washercourse/vs/0': {'x.com.samsung.da.st.courseTable': 'Table_02'}}
+        assert callable(desc.translation_key)
+        assert desc.translation_key(resources) == 'washer_cycle_table_02'
+
+    def test_resolved_key_reflects_an_unbuilt_table_too(self):
+        """No gating against a hardcoded 'known good' table -- a table we
+        haven't shipped translations for yet still gets a key built for
+        it, just one strings.json has nothing under (raw-code display)."""
+        desc = self._desc()
+        resources = {'/st/washercourse/vs/0': {'x.com.samsung.da.st.courseTable': 'Table_00'}}
+        assert desc.translation_key(resources) == 'washer_cycle_table_00'
+
+    def test_resolves_to_none_when_table_id_is_unknown(self):
+        """No href, or an empty rep, gets no translation_key at all --
+        there's nothing to build a key from."""
+        desc = self._desc()
+        assert desc.translation_key({}) is None
+        assert desc.translation_key({'/st/washercourse/vs/0': {}}) is None
+
+
 class TestBuzzerSound:
     def test_href(self):
         assert laundry.BUZZER_SOUND.href == '/buzzersound/vs/0'

tests/test_oven_capabilities.py

@@ -137,7 +137,10 @@ def test_oven_mode_rejects_unknown():
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# OVEN_MODE options-array RMW (lamp, sound, fast_preheat, natural_steam)
+# OVEN_MODE options-array writes (lamp, sound, fast_preheat, natural_steam).
+# Confirmed on real hardware (issue #54): a write only needs to carry the
+# changed token -- the device matches by prefix, evicts the stale token, and
+# merges the result into the array itself. No read-modify-write needed.
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def _mode_rep(*extra_opts):
@@ -146,12 +149,11 @@ def _mode_rep(*extra_opts):
     ]}
 
 
-def test_lamp_write_replaces_slot():
+def test_lamp_write_is_single_token():
     desc = next(e for e in oven.OVEN_MODE.entities if e.key == 'lamp')
     path, body = desc.write_fn('On', _mode_rep())
-    opts = body['x.com.samsung.da.options']
-    assert 'UpperLamp_On' in opts
-    assert 'UpperLamp_Off' not in opts
+    assert path == ['mode', 'vs', '0']
+    assert body == {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['UpperLamp_On']}
 
 
 def test_lamp_write_requires_existing_options():
@@ -159,20 +161,19 @@ def test_lamp_write_requires_existing_options():
     assert desc.write_fn('On', {}) is None
 
 
-def test_sound_write_preserves_other_options():
+def test_sound_write_is_single_token():
     desc = next(e for e in oven.OVEN_MODE.entities if e.key == 'sound')
     path, body = desc.write_fn('Off', _mode_rep())
-    opts = body['x.com.samsung.da.options']
-    assert 'Sound_Off' in opts
-    assert 'UpperLamp_Off' in opts     # other slot unchanged
+    assert body == {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['Sound_Off']}
 
 
-def test_natural_steam_appended_if_absent():
-    """NaturalSteam slot is absent until first write — write_fn must append it."""
+def test_natural_steam_write_is_single_token():
+    """NaturalSteam's slot may be absent from the live rep until first
+    write -- the single-token write covers both the insert and replace case
+    identically, since the device merges by prefix either way."""
     desc = next(e for e in oven.OVEN_MODE.entities if e.key == 'natural_steam')
     path, body = desc.write_fn('On', _mode_rep())   # no NaturalSteam_* in rep
-    opts = body['x.com.samsung.da.options']
-    assert any(o.startswith('NaturalSteam_') for o in opts)
+    assert body == {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['NaturalSteam_On']}
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

tests/test_select_display.py

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 """Tests for select-option display casing (custom_components/localthings/select.py)."""
-from custom_components.localthings.registry.entities import SelectDesc
 from custom_components.localthings.select import _display
 
-_UNTRANSLATED = SelectDesc(key='x', options=())
-_TRANSLATED = SelectDesc(key='y', options=(), translation_key='door_alert')
+_UNTRANSLATED = None
+_TRANSLATED = 'door_alert'
 
 
 def test_display_titlecases_a_fully_lowercase_device_native_token():

tests/test_select_options.py

@@ -57,3 +57,20 @@ def test_callable_options_empty_result():
     desc = SelectDesc(key='cycle', options=lambda resources: [])
     entity = _make_select(desc, '/x/vs/0', {})
     assert entity.options == []
+
+
+def test_callable_translation_key_reresolves_live_not_once_at_construction():
+    """A callable translation_key (laundry.cycle_select's table-id-gated
+    resolver) must be re-evaluated against current coordinator data on
+    every access, not baked in once at __init__ -- discovery can run while
+    a sibling resource (e.g. /st/washercourse/vs/0) is still an empty stub
+    (see entity.py's _is_included docstring), and a one-time resolution
+    would permanently show untranslated codes even after a later poll
+    populates the real value."""
+    desc = SelectDesc(key='cycle', translation_key=lambda resources: resources.get('key'))
+    resources = {'key': None}
+    entity = _make_select(desc, '/x/vs/0', resources)
+    assert entity.translation_key is None
+
+    resources['key'] = 'washer_cycle_table_02'
+    assert entity.translation_key == 'washer_cycle_table_02'

tests/test_washer_capabilities.py

@@ -61,8 +61,19 @@ class TestWasherCourse:
         assert washer.WASHER_COURSE.href == '/course/vs/0'
 
     def test_translation_key(self):
+        """Table-scoped (issue: course codes aren't guaranteed consistent
+        across board generations sharing /course/vs/0 -- FlexWash's older
+        board reports Table_00, not the Table_02 every washer_cycle_table_02
+        name was confirmed against) -- see laundry.cycle_select. The key is
+        built from whatever table the device reports, not gated against a
+        hardcoded 'known good' value."""
         desc = next(e for e in washer.WASHER_COURSE.entities if e.key == 'cycle')
-        assert desc.translation_key == 'washer_cycle'
+        assert callable(desc.translation_key)
+        table_02 = {'/st/washercourse/vs/0': {'x.com.samsung.da.st.courseTable': 'Table_02'}}
+        assert desc.translation_key(table_02) == 'washer_cycle_table_02'
+        table_00 = {'/st/washercourse/vs/0': {'x.com.samsung.da.st.courseTable': 'Table_00'}}
+        assert desc.translation_key(table_00) == 'washer_cycle_table_00'
+        assert desc.translation_key({}) is None
 
     def test_reads_raw_course_code_from_options_array(self):
         """rep_fn returns the raw device code; display names come from
@@ -91,13 +102,14 @@ class TestWasherCourse:
         assert desc.exists_fn({}, live) is True
 
     def test_cycle_write(self):
+        """Confirmed on real hardware (issue #54): the write only needs to
+        carry the changed token -- the device matches by prefix, evicts the
+        stale token, and merges the result into the array itself."""
         desc = next(e for e in washer.WASHER_COURSE.entities if e.key == 'cycle')
         rep = {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['DeviceType_0167', 'Course_1C', 'GMT_04']}
         path, body = desc.write_fn('1D', rep)
         assert path == ['course', 'vs', '0']
-        assert body == {
-            'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['DeviceType_0167', 'Course_1D', 'GMT_04'],
-        }
+        assert body == {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['Course_1D']}
 
 
 class TestDrumClean:
@@ -219,20 +231,22 @@ class TestDetergentSoftenerDosing:
 
     def test_quantity_write(self):
         """The UI selects a padded supported code ('01'); the write posts the
-        un-padded device code ('1'), mirroring how the device reports it."""
+        un-padded device code ('1'), mirroring how the device reports it.
+
+        Confirmed on real hardware (issue #54): the write only needs to carry
+        the changed token -- the device matches by prefix, evicts the stale
+        token, and merges the result into the array itself. No need to read
+        the current array back and rewrite it whole."""
         rep = {'x.com.samsung.da.options': list(_DOSING_OPTIONS)}
         path, body = self._desc('detergent_quantity').write_fn('01', rep)
         assert path == ['course', 'vs', '0']
-        assert 'DetergentLevelCtrl_1' in body['x.com.samsung.da.options']
-        assert 'DetergentLevelCtrl_3' not in body['x.com.samsung.da.options']
-        # untouched siblings survive the read-modify-write
-        assert 'SoftenerLevelCtrl_3' in body['x.com.samsung.da.options']
+        assert body == {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['DetergentLevelCtrl_1']}
 
     def test_hardness_write(self):
         rep = {'x.com.samsung.da.options': list(_DOSING_OPTIONS)}
         path, body = self._desc('softener_concentration').write_fn('03', rep)
         assert path == ['course', 'vs', '0']
-        assert 'SoftenerLevel2Ctrl_3' in body['x.com.samsung.da.options']
+        assert body == {'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['SoftenerLevel2Ctrl_3']}
 
     def test_low_reservoir_off_when_alarm_off(self):
         rep = {'x.com.samsung.da.options': _DOSING_OPTIONS}
@@ -294,18 +308,20 @@ class TestWashOptionToggles:
         """write_fn receives the same 'On'/'Off' string switch.py sends
         (not a bool) -- covers a bug where an earlier `'On' if p else 'Off'`
         implementation always wrote 'On', since any non-empty string
-        (including 'Off') is truthy."""
+        (including 'Off') is truthy.
+
+        The write body carries only the changed token (issue #54: confirmed
+        the device merges by prefix itself), not the whole options array."""
         for key in self._keys():
             prefix = self._prefix(key)
             rep = {'x.com.samsung.da.options': [f'{prefix}_Off', 'GMT_02']}
             path, body = self._desc(key).write_fn('On', rep)
             assert path == ['course', 'vs', '0']
-            assert f'{prefix}_On' in body['x.com.samsung.da.options']
-            assert 'GMT_02' in body['x.com.samsung.da.options']
+            assert body == {'x.com.samsung.da.options': [f'{prefix}_On']}
 
             rep = {'x.com.samsung.da.options': [f'{prefix}_On']}
             path, body = self._desc(key).write_fn('Off', rep)
-            assert f'{prefix}_Off' in body['x.com.samsung.da.options']
+            assert body == {'x.com.samsung.da.options': [f'{prefix}_Off']}
             assert f'{prefix}_On' not in body['x.com.samsung.da.options']
 
     def test_write_rejects_non_on_off_payload(self):