fix(translations): mirror the new button string into every catalog

test_every_language_mirrors_the_english_catalog is right to fail on this: a key present only in English falls back silently at runtime, which reads as a half-finished translation rather than a missing one. Also fills in the same key for ko.json, which the original fix predates: Korean's translation catalog was added after this branch was cut and never picked up filter_time_reset either.
feat(airconditioner): reset the legacy filter counter locally
2026-08-05 01:48:08 +00:00 · 2026-08-05 01:46:29 +00:00 · 2026-08-04 21:40:34 -04:00 · 2026-08-04 21:40:03 -04:00 · 2026-08-04 21:36:23 -04:00 · 2026-08-05 01:33:08 +00:00
295 changed files with 58485 additions and 5987 deletions
@@ -5,9 +5,15 @@ description: >-
  /device/0 diagnostics dump. Use when a device-support issue lands, a device
  raises the "incomplete capability coverage" repair, a diagnostics JSON needs
  triaging, or you're mapping OCF resources to HA entities. Covers reading dumps,
+  routing a device to a registry from its `/oic/d` device type first and an
+  unrecognized board family second (modelNum board tokens, resource
+  signatures),
  OCF-standard vs vendor hrefs, the diagnostic/config/normal entity taxonomy,
+  preferring dynamic (device-reported) select options over hardcoded lists,
  ensuring every href is bound or ignored, and locking it in with a fixture +
-  golden + test.
+  golden + test. Also covers multi-subdevice ("composite") appliances that
+  expose several logical indoor subdevices over one IP — triaging a missing
+  second subdevice, and why registry hrefs stay canonical rather than indexed.
 ---

 # Adding device support
@@ -22,11 +28,25 @@ dump into coverage.
 A user's diagnostics download (`config_entry-localthings-*.json`) has, under
 `data`:
 - `resources`: `{href: rep}` — the parsed `/device/0` snapshot. **This is the
-  source of truth**, not code comments.
+  source of truth**, not code comments. On a multi-subdevice appliance this is
+  the subdevice the config entry connects to and *only* that subdevice;
+  siblings report their own (see below).
 - `unbound_hrefs`: resources that bound to no capability. The
  "incomplete capability coverage" repair fires whenever this is **non-empty or
  the device type is unrecognized** (`coordinator._update_coverage_gap_issue`).

+Multi-subdevice appliances (one IP, one DTLS session, several logical indoor
+subdevices — issue #177) add four more, all absent/empty on an ordinary device:
+- `subdevices`: one entry per materialized sibling — `kind`/`key`/`seed_path`,
+  its own `model`, its bound hrefs, and its own `resources`.
+- `subdevices_skipped`: candidates whose seed answered but that produced no
+  live primary state, with the reps the gate actually judged. An unused
+  SmartThings slot lands here, not in `subdevices`.
+- `subdevice_probes`: `{seed_href: found}` for every seed attempted — tells
+  "checked, nothing there" apart from "never checked".
+- `multidevice`: `/multidevice/vs/0`'s rep if the board answers it. Its
+  `numofsubdevice` is a corroborating count, not a gate.
+
 Goal: make `unbound_hrefs` empty by **binding** the useful resources and
 **ignoring** the noise — and surface every genuinely useful sensor/select/switch
 along the way.
@@ -45,10 +65,13 @@ by_type   = importlib.import_module('custom_components.localthings.registry.by_t
 discovery = importlib.import_module('custom_components.localthings.registry.discovery')
 adapter   = importlib.import_module('custom_components.localthings.registry.adapter')

-resources = json.load(open('dump.json'))['data']['resources']
-info = resources['/information/vs/0']
-reg = by_type.for_device_by_model(info['x.com.samsung.da.modelNum'], info['x.com.samsung.da.description'])
-# or: by_type.for_device(one_ui_version)  when /otninformation has swVersionInfo.oneUiVersion
+data = json.load(open('dump.json'))['data']
+resources = data['resources']
+# identity.device_types is /oic/d's `rt` -- resolve()'s primary signal (see
+# §3). Absent on dumps predating that field; () falls through to model-based
+# detection exactly like a device that reports nothing there.
+device_types = tuple((data.get('identity') or {}).get('device_types') or ())
+reg = by_type.resolve(resources, device_types=device_types)   # the same entry point the coordinator uses
 unbound = []
 bound = discovery.discover(resources, reg.capabilities, reg.pattern_capabilities, log=unbound.append)
 state = adapter.flatten(bound, resources)   # {entity_key: value}
@@ -60,7 +83,156 @@ print('state_keys:', sorted(state))
 `exists_fn` and produces the final entity values. Use the same routine to
 regenerate a golden.

-## 3. OCF-standard vs vendor hrefs (`/x/0` vs `/x/vs/0`)
+**A sibling subdevice's block runs through this unchanged.** `subdevices[i].resources`
+(and `subdevices_skipped[i].resources`) are keyed by *canonical* hrefs —
+`/mode/vs/0`, never the `/mode/vs/1` or `/<uuid>/mode/vs/0` that subdevice
+actually answers on — precisely so you can paste one into `resources` above and
+read the result exactly like the master's. No de-indexing by hand.
+
+## 3. Route the device to a registry — add a row, never a branch
+
+If detection returns `None`, the device falls back to common capabilities and
+loses roughly **half** its entities (measured across the fixture corpus: 843 of
+1510 bound entities survive). So routing is the first thing to fix, and
+`registry/by_type/__init__.py` is deliberately kept boring.
+
+`resolve(resources, device_types=())` is the only entry point — the
+coordinator, the config flow's probe and the golden-regression harness all
+call it, so the order can't drift between what ships and what the tests
+assert. Three stages, most-specific evidence first:
+
+1. **`for_device_by_oic_type(device_types)`** — the primary path whenever a
+   dump has it. `device_types` is `/oic/d`'s `rt`, looked up against
+   `_OIC_TYPE_TO_KEY`. The device naming its own type beats parsing board
+   part numbers, so this always wins when it hits. **Always check this first
+   when triaging a new dump** — see "Adding an /oic/d device type" below.
+2. **`for_device_by_model(model_num, description)`** — the fallback for
+   everything `/oic/d` doesn't resolve. Both fields come from
+   `/information/vs/0`. Board-family tokens are matched against `modelNum`
+   first, then `description`, then the fuzzy two-letter consumer-model prefix.
+3. **`for_device_by_resources(resources)`** — for boards that report no
+   `/information/vs/0` at all. Needs a *distinctive* signature.
+
+**`oneUiVersion` is not consulted.** It looks like the obvious signal — the
+device naming its own type, `'7.0 Dishwasher'` — and it used to be stage one.
+But only a minority of hardware reports it, every device that does is already
+typed by its modelNum board token (`TestOneUiVersionIsNotConsulted` checks that
+against the whole corpus), and no device-support issue was ever fixed by adding
+a mapping for it. Don't reintroduce it as a detection stage; it stays in
+diagnostics as a firmware-generation marker (`'7.0 Air conditioner'` means
+Tizen Lite), which is useful when triaging.
+
+### Adding a board family
+
+Almost always a one-line addition to `_BOARD_TOKEN_TO_KEY`:
+
+```python
+'VSKR': 'vacuum_station',   # issue #131 -- stick-vacuum clean station
+```
+
+Matching is on **whole tokens** of the model string, split on any run of
+non-alphanumerics and upper-cased. That is what keeps this a table, and it
+carries rules:
+
+- **Never add a delimiter spelling.** `'_RAC_'` and `'-RAC-'` are the same
+  entry, `RAC`. If you find yourself adding a second row for punctuation, the
+  tokenizer already handled it.
+- **Name the specific type, never the board family.** `DA-AC-` prefixes
+  RAC/WAC/DHM/AIR alike — a bare `'AC'` row would swallow the dehumidifier
+  and the air purifier. Same for `DA`, `KS`, `WM`, `TP1X`, `ARTIK051`.
+  `TestBoardTokenTable` asserts these stay out.
+- **Never add a token that can co-occur with another.** `_board_family_key`
+  returns the first hit, which is only safe while no real model string
+  contains two tokens naming different types.
+  `TestBoardTokenAmbiguity` checks that invariant against every fixture, so a
+  new dump exercises it automatically — if it fails, the answer is a narrower
+  token, not a reordering.
+- **Two-letter tokens are a last resort.** `'CT'` (legacy gas cooktop) is the
+  only one, and it is loose enough to collide by accident.
+
+Reach past the table only when the evidence isn't a board token:
+
+- **Consumer-model prefix** (`_CONSUMER_PREFIX_TO_KEY`) — for washers, dryers
+  and dishwashers, whose `modelNum` is the shared `DA_WM_` laundry board and
+  whose real type is only in `description`'s trailing model code
+  (`..._WA8000T`). Deliberately split on `_` only: widening it to `-` would
+  read the dishwasher's `ADW-WW-RTL-24-AILITE` board segment as a `WW`
+  washer. Consulted last because a two-letter prefix is the weakest evidence
+  here — `WAC` (window AC) starts with `WA` (top-load washer).
+- **Resource signature** (`for_device_by_resources`) — only when
+  `/information/vs/0` is absent entirely. Require **two** independent shapes
+  (e.g. `/oven/vs/0` present *and* a `MicroWave*` entry in `supportedModes`),
+  never one, or an unrelated family's `/mode/vs/0` will match.
+
+### Adding an /oic/d device type
+
+`/oic/d`'s `rt` (OCF's own device-type declaration) is the *primary*
+detection path (`for_device_by_oic_type`, stage 1 above) — it sits outside
+the `/device/0` dump, read separately by `registry/identity.read_identity`,
+which fetches three endpoints in one shot:
+- **`/oic/d`** — the device type itself: `n` (device name) and `rt`, a list
+  carrying the generic `oic.wk.d` base type every OCF device has alongside a
+  concrete one (`oic.d.airconditioner`) or a SmartThings vendor extension
+  (`x.com.st.d.stickcleaner`, for categories with no `oic.d.*` equivalent —
+  same prefix convention as `x.com.samsung.da.*` resource fields elsewhere).
+- **`/oic/p`** — platform identity: `mnmn`/`mnmo` (manufacturer/model).
+- **`/oic/res`** — resource discovery, used for subdevice enumeration (§11),
+  not device typing.
+
+None of the three appear in `resources`; find them in diagnostics' `identity`
+block (`identity.device_types`, `identity.manufacturer`, `identity.model`),
+or read live with `read_identity(sess, serial)` if you're driving a device
+directly.
+
+**Whenever you triage a dump, check `identity.device_types` before touching
+`_BOARD_TOKEN_TO_KEY` at all** — the whole point of this stage running first
+is that a real `/oic/d` type makes board-token routing unnecessary. Two
+outcomes:
+- The type is already a key in `_OIC_TYPE_TO_KEY` (`registry/by_type/__init__.py`)
+  → detection already works; an unbound-hrefs gap on this device is a
+  capability-coverage problem (§§4–9), not a routing one.
+- The type is **not yet in the table** → add a row. This is now the
+  integration's primary detection method, and it only stays that way if new
+  types get folded in as real dumps surface them — same discipline that
+  keeps `_BOARD_TOKEN_TO_KEY` current:
+
+```python
+'oic.d.dishwasher': 'dishwasher',
+'x.com.st.d.steamcloset': 'air_dresser',
+```
+
+- A string not yet seen in a dump is still fine to add on the strength of the
+  OCF Smart Home Device Specification's Table 9-1 alone, as long as it has the
+  exact same `oic.d.<category>` shape as an already-confirmed entry — that
+  shape is low-risk ahead of a dump because, unlike a board-token entry,
+  there's no tokenizing or delimiter-spelling judgment call involved.
+- **Only add a row once there's a real registry key on the right** (a key in
+  `_REGISTRY_BY_KEY`). A type naming a product this integration has no
+  registry for stays unmapped rather than getting coerced onto the
+  nearest-sounding one — `oic.d.robotcleaner` names an actual robot vacuum,
+  a different product from the clean/auto-empty *station* `vacuum_station`
+  covers (no vacuum-body capabilities at all; see that registry's own module
+  docstring), so it's deliberately absent even though the string is known.
+- Falls through to `for_device_by_model`/`for_device_by_resources` when
+  `device_types` is empty or maps to nothing — most hardware still doesn't
+  populate `/oic/d` usefully, so those two stages stay load-bearing for
+  everything this one doesn't catch.
+- On a multi-subdevice appliance, `device_types` only ever comes from the
+  *master's* `/oic/d` (`discover_partitioned`'s `oic_device_types` param) —
+  subdevices have no `/oic/d` of their own read today and keep resolving from
+  their own `/information/vs/0`, falling back to the master's whole registry
+  otherwise (§11).
+
+### Sharing a registry vs adding one
+
+Route a new family to an **existing** registry when its resource surface
+matches (most AC board families do — verify by checking the dump binds with
+zero unbound hrefs). Add a **new** registry only when the resources genuinely
+differ: `vacuum_station` earned one because it shares no hrefs with anything
+modelled; `microwave` split from `oven` over a distinct mode vocabulary,
+setpoint bounds, and a `powerLevel` field.
+
+## 4. OCF-standard vs vendor hrefs (`/x/0` vs `/x/vs/0`)

 Samsung appliances run RT-OCF and often expose the **same state twice**:
 - `/x/vs/0` — **vendor** resource, `x.com.samsung.da.*` fields.
@@ -82,7 +254,7 @@ resource from the populated dump:
 Course/cycle is **not** an OCF question — there's no standard course resource, so
 `/course/vs/0` (and the `/st/*course/vs/0` re-encoding) are both vendor.

-## 4. Entity taxonomy — the judgement call
+## 5. Entity taxonomy — the judgement call

 For each field worth exposing, decide the entity kind and category
 (`entity_category` on the descriptor):
@@ -98,23 +270,154 @@ sub-polled between summary polls. Pick descriptor types from `entities.py`
 (`SensorDesc`, `SelectDesc`, `SwitchDesc`, `NumberDesc`, `BinarySensorDesc`,
 `TimeDesc`, `ButtonDesc`) — the class selects the HA platform.

-**Don't guess.** If a field's meaning or write contract is unclear from the dump
-(opaque encoded blobs, no supported-values list), leave it unbound so it surfaces
-as a gap for a human, or ignore it with a documented reason — never invent an
-entity on a hunch (`ignored.py`'s rule).
+**Educated guesses are fine — flag them, don't hide them.** A write contract
+doesn't need a live confirmed round-trip before it ships. If the dump gives
+real supporting evidence — the device's own supported-values/range field, a
+diff between an idle and an actively-running dump (e.g. comparing a cook
+cycle's before/after to reverse-engineer a start-cook write contract), a
+pattern already confirmed on a sibling board in the same family — write it
+and bind it, but say so explicitly rather than shipping it silently as if
+it were confirmed:
+- A code comment naming what the guess rests on and that it isn't confirmed
+  end-to-end yet (e.g. "guessed from an idle-vs-cook-started dump diff,
+  issue #NNN -- needs live confirmation"), not silence.
+- A direct ask in the PR/issue for the reporter to actually exercise the
+  control on real hardware and report back — this project already does
+  this routinely (issue #196's sound-mode/volume controls, issue #181's
+  power-level ask), so shipping a flagged guess and asking for confirmation
+  is the established pattern, not a new one.

-## 5. Enum selects need translation support
+Why this is safe to *ship* rather than only describe: a CoAP write against
+an out-of-range or malformed value gets rejected (4.xx), not acted on — the
+worst case for a wrong *value* is a no-op, not a damaged or misbehaving
+appliance. That margin only covers the value, though, not the semantics:
+bind a guessed write to the device's own reported range/supported-list
+rather than inventing bounds, and don't guess a unit the dump gives no way
+to cross-check (temperature scale, minutes vs. seconds) — being
+syntactically valid but semantically backwards is exactly the case a
+rejection won't catch.

-Any select whose options are raw device codes (course/cycle, and code-valued
-settings) must render through translations, not Python:
- Set `translation_key='<family>_cycle'` (or similar) on the `SelectDesc`;
-  `options`/`options_field` supply the **raw** codes.
- Add the labels to **both** `strings.json` and `translations/en.json` under
-  `entity.select.<translation_key>.state.<code>`, with the code **lowercased**
-  (e.g. `"16": "Cotton"`). Codes with no entry render as the raw code — that's
-  the cue to identify and name them.
+The same unit caveat applies on the **read** side, but with a sharper
+failure mode: a guessed `unit`, `device_class`, or `state_class` on a
+`SensorDesc` silently mislabels the entity in HA forever (every reading,
+every graph, every long-term statistic), with no 4.xx to catch it. The
+write-rejection safety net above doesn't cover reads — the device happily
+returns whatever it returns. So the read-side equivalent of "bind a write
+to the device's own reported range/supported-list" is: leave `unit`/
+`device_class`/`state_class` unset when the dump gives no field that
+nominates one (no `supportedGrades`, no second dump to compare against,
+no family member whose same field is already mapped). Match an
+already-bound descriptor on a sibling family when the underlying field
+and value shape are identical; otherwise expose the reading without an
+HA-level interpretation and let a future reporter or dump confirm it.
+See `air_monitor.AIR_QUALITY`'s docstring for the worked example
+(three dust keys, no `device_class`, no `unit`).

-## 6. Coverage discipline: bound or ignored
+Still never invent an entity or a write from nothing: an opaque encoded
+blob with no supported-values field, no range, and no idle-vs-active diff
+to compare against is a gap for a human, not a guess — leave it unbound, or
+ignore it with a documented reason (`ignored.py`'s rule).
+
+Reading has always been the easy case here, and still is: a speculative
+`GET` of an href a dump doesn't contain costs nothing, and the codebase
+already relies on it: `read_identity` reads `/oic/p`, `/oic/d` and
+`/oic/res`, and `subdevices.enumerate_subdevices` probes `/device/<n>`,
+`/<uuid>/device/0` and `/multidevice/vs/0` on every device — and, when a
+prefixed candidate's own `/<uuid>/device/0` doesn't answer (issue #205: not
+guaranteed even on the board this pattern was built against), every href
+the master itself answered this cycle, individually under that UUID's
+prefix (see §11). A RETRIEVE is non-mutating and a 4.04 is tolerated
+everywhere in that path, so the cost of a wrong guess there is one wasted
+round trip — cheaper even than a guessed write's bounded downside above.
+
+## 6. Select options: read them from the device, don't hardcode
+
+A `SelectDesc`'s `options` should come from the device's own advertised list
+whenever the resource carries one, not from a Python tuple typed in from a
+single dump. Two dynamic forms already exist in the repo and should be
+reached for first:
+- `options_field='x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes'` (or whatever the
+  resource's own supported-values field is called) — reads the live rep on
+  the capability's own href. See `laundry.py`'s `buzzer_sound`/
+  `finish_sound` (`options_field='supportedBuzzerSound'`/
+  `'supportedFinishSound'`).
+- `options=<callable>` — for option lists that live on a **different**
+  resource than the select's own href (e.g. a course table keyed off a
+  sibling href). See `laundry.cycle_select`'s `options=cycle_options`.
+
+A static `options=(...)` tuple is a coverage gap waiting to happen: the next
+dump from a different board generation will report modes/values the tuple
+doesn't have, and both the HA options list *and* `write_fn`'s validation (if
+it checks the same tuple) will silently reject values the device itself
+advertises as supported. That's exactly what happened with `oven._OVEN_MODES`
+in issue #138 — a hardcoded list rejected `AirFryer`/`Dehydrate`/
+`SelfClean`/etc. even though the device's own `supportedModes` field listed
+them. Reach for a static tuple only when the dump genuinely has no
+supported-values field to read (e.g. the NV7000BS-class oven dump
+`_OVEN_MODES` was inferred before any live oven dump existed — see that
+module's docstring), and treat it as an interim best-guess rather than a
+permanent design choice: migrate it to `options_field`/a callable the moment
+a dump with a real supported-values list surfaces, instead of just adding
+the new values to the static tuple.
+
+## 7. Names and enum labels live in translations, never in Python
+
+Descriptors have **no `name` field**. Every entity is named from the shipped
+catalog, keyed by `translation_key` — which defaults to the descriptor's own
+`key`. So adding `SensorDesc(key='filter_status', ...)` obliges you to add:
+
+```json
+"entity": { "sensor": { "filter_status": { "name": "Filter status" } } }
+```
+
+to `translations/en.json`. Skip it and the entity ships nameless;
+`tests/test_translations.py` fails the build instead.
+
+- **Sentence case** ("Filter status", not "Filter Status"), per HA's style
+  guide — capitalize only proper nouns and Samsung feature names ("AI Energy
+  Mode", "Storm Wash+").
+- Set `translation_key` explicitly only to **share** one catalog entry across
+  descriptors, or to point at a differently-named one. Two descriptors on the
+  same platform with the same `key` already share an entry — intended for
+  `common.py`'s OCF/vendor fallback pairs, a silent mislabel otherwise.
+- Prefer HA's own vocabulary where it fits: a `device_class` gives you
+  translated states for free (`binary_sensor` door/running, `sensor`
+  timestamp/enum), so don't restate them.
+
+Selects whose options are raw device codes (course/cycle, code-valued
+settings) additionally need those codes labelled:
+- `options`/`options_field` supply the **raw** codes; the catalog maps them.
+- Add labels under `entity.select.<translation_key>.state.<code>`, code
+  **lowercased** (e.g. `"16": "Cotton"`). `select.py` derives which values it
+  normalizes from the catalog itself, so there is no Python list to keep in
+  sync — a code with no entry simply renders as the raw code, which is the cue
+  to identify and name it.
+
+`translations/en.json` is the only place any of this lives: there is no
+`strings.json` (Home Assistant doesn't read one from a custom integration) and
+no `[%key:...%]` resolution (that's Core build tooling). Every other language
+must mirror `en.json` key for key — also enforced by
+`tests/test_translations.py`.
+
+**Don't write a test that just re-asserts a translation string.** Adding
+labels is a data change, not a logic change, and `tests/test_translations.py`
+already holds the invariants that matter for data (every descriptor has a
+catalog entry, every language mirrors English key-for-key, no unresolved
+`[%key:...%]`). A test that loads the catalog and asserts
+`catalog["select"]["foo"]["state"]["16"] == "Cotton"` right after you just
+wrote that exact line into `en.json` doesn't exercise any code path — it
+re-states the JSON file in Python, passes by construction, and only ever
+fails when someone *correctly* edits the label later (a wording fix, a
+translator's improvement). It's not a regression test, because there's no
+`select.py`/`adapter.py` logic between "the JSON says X" and "the test reads
+X" for it to catch drift in. If a code/label mapping is worth locking in,
+test it through the code that actually consumes it instead — a write
+contract (`desc.write_fn(...)` returns the right raw code), a read contract
+(`flatten()` produces the right raw value from a fixture rep), or a routing
+decision — never a bare literal-string comparison against the catalog you
+just edited.
+
+## 8. Coverage discipline: bound or ignored

 Every href in the dump must resolve, or the repair fires. If a resource isn't
 worth an entity, add it to `capabilities/ignored.py` (a no-entity `Capability`)
@@ -128,7 +431,18 @@ friendlier href**.
  ignored because washers bind it. When only one family should ignore an href
  that another binds, scope the ignore to that family's registry.

-## 7. Reuse before writing new code
+- **Registry hrefs are always canonical — never index or prefix one.** On a
+  multi-subdevice appliance, `unbound_hrefs` reports the *real* href a gap was
+  seen on, so a sibling's gap shows up as `/foo/vs/1` or
+  `/<uuid>/foo/vs/0`. Do **not** write `Capability(href='/foo/vs/1')` for it.
+  Binding runs against each subdevice's canonical view, so an indexed or
+  prefixed href in a registry matches nothing on any device and fails
+  silently — no error, no entity, and the gap stays open. Fix it on the
+  `/foo/vs/0` form and every subdevice gets it at once.
+  (`registry/subdevices.py` owns the canonical ⇄ actual translation; nothing
+  under `capabilities/` or `by_type/` should ever mention a subdevice index.)
+
+## 9. Reuse before writing new code

 Check `common.py` (generic OCF: power, energy, alarms, water) and `laundry.py`
 (shared washer/dryer/dishwasher: buzzer, job status, `cycle_select` + course
@@ -137,20 +451,148 @@ registry uses `fridge.FIRMWARE_UPDATE`; all three laundry families share
 `laundry.cycle_select`. If two families hand-roll the same helper, hoist it to a
 shared module rather than copying.

-## 8. Lock it in
+## 10. Lock it in
+
+If the dump's diagnostics `identity` block carries a `/oic/d` device type,
+confirm (or add, per "Adding an /oic/d device type" in §3) the matching
+`_OIC_TYPE_TO_KEY` row before considering this device done — routing this
+device by board token today doesn't mean the next report of the same
+appliance family gets the faster, more reliable `/oic/d` path unless the
+table actually has the row.

 1. Add a **scrubbed** fixture `tests/fixtures/<type>_device.json`
   (`{"device0": [ {devcol rep}, {href, rep}, ... ]}`) — replace serials, MACs,
   and other PII with placeholders.
+
+   A multi-subdevice dump (issue #177) may carry three more top-level keys, all
+   optional and defaulted for every other fixture — load them with
+   `conftest._load_device_full` rather than `_load_device`:
+   - `oic_res`: the raw `/oic/res` link array, which is what enumeration reads
+     to find `/device/<n>` siblings.
+   - `seeds`: `{seed_href: raw_batch_list}` — each sibling's own collection
+     response, in the same `[devcol rep, {href, rep}, ...]` shape as `device0`.
+   - `probes`: `{href: rep}` for plain Property-map resources belonging to no
+     batch (e.g. a hand-read `/multidevice/vs/0`).
+
+   Add a `seeds_note` saying which parts are verbatim captures and which were
+   constructed. A fixture that quietly mixes the two is worse than no fixture:
+   the whole point of the corpus is that it records what hardware actually did.
 2. Generate `tests/fixtures/golden/<type>.json` (`{"state_keys": [...]}`) with
-   the harness in §2.
+   the harness in §2. A multi-subdevice fixture's golden carries a sibling's
+   keys under a prefix (`subdevice1_climate`, `subdevice_<uuid>_climate`)
+   alongside the unprefixed master keys — that's the entity-ID namespacing,
+   not a bug.
+   The master's keys are unprefixed *by design* and must never gain one:
+   that's what keeps every pre-#177 device's `unique_id` stable.
 3. Add the type to `test_golden_regression.py` and write a
   `test_<type>_capabilities.py` asserting **zero unbound hrefs** and that the
   expected entities exist (and any misleading ones are gated).
 4. Run `pytest tests/ -q` — and re-run the golden tests for **other** device
   types after any change to `common.py`/`laundry.py`, since they share those.

+The new fixture is picked up automatically by the corpus-wide checks (the
+`all_device_fixtures` conftest fixture), including
+`TestBoardTokenAmbiguity` — so a model string that collides with an existing
+board token fails the build rather than silently mistyping someone's
+appliance.
+
+**Don't put a reporter's name or GitHub username in code.** Fixture data
+gets serials/MACs/other device PII scrubbed per point 1 above — the same
+rule applies to the *prose* you write while fixing the issue: comments,
+docstrings, `seeds_note`, and test/function names should say "the
+reporter," "issue #NNN's reporter," or (when a module already distinguishes
+multiple reporters, like `subdevices.py`'s Pattern A/Pattern B) "the
+Pattern A reporter," never a real name or handle. That prose ships in the
+package and lives in git history indefinitely — unlike an issue thread or a
+release-notes thank-you (both fine places to credit someone by name), it's
+not somewhere a person would expect to stay named forever. If you're fixing
+an issue and about to write `<username>'s board`/`<username>'s dump` in a
+comment, stop and swap in a generic reference instead.
+
+## 11. Triage: "one of my subdevices is missing"
+
+For an appliance that exposes several logical indoor subdevices over one IP —
+a 2-in-1 air conditioner, plausibly a multi-drum washer (#19). Work down
+the dump in this order; each step rules out a different cause.
+
+1. **`subdevice_probes`** — did we even look? Every seed attempted appears
+   here with what it returned. An absent seed means enumeration never tried
+   that path; a `false` means it tried and got nothing. On a UUID-prefixed
+   board whose `/<uuid>/device/0` reads `false` (issue #205 — this isn't
+   rare, not even on the board the pattern was built against), the report
+   also carries one probe per href the master itself answered that cycle,
+   individually under that prefix (`subdevices.enumerate_subdevices`'s flat
+   fallback) — a `true` there is real, confirmed-live evidence for that one
+   href, not a guess.
+2. **`subdevices`**/**`flat_hrefs`** — for a *materialized* subdevice found
+   this way, `flat_hrefs` lists exactly which hrefs it's actually being
+   polled on (individually, no Collection endpoint to batch through) —
+   compare against the master's own hrefs to see what's still unconfirmed
+   for that sibling.
+3. **`subdevices_skipped`** — did we find it and reject it? A candidate lands
+   here when its seed(s) answered but it produced no *primary*
+   (non-diagnostic), non-meter entity with a populated value. Its
+   `resources` block holds the exact reps the gate judged, so you can check
+   the call yourself. If every power/mode/temperature rep is `{}`, the
+   subdevice is an unused slot and the skip is correct — a populated
+   `/energy/consumption/vs/<n>` alongside them doesn't change that (issue
+   #214: an appliance's lifetime kWh counter shows up under an unused
+   slot's index too, and materializing on it produced a phantom duplicate
+   air conditioner, so cumulative meters are excluded from the gate). If
+   the *operational* reps are populated, the gate is wrong — that's a bug
+   worth a fixture. A flat-fallback candidate whose
+   only confirmed href is `/information/vs/0` (never bound to any entity —
+   only ever read for device-type resolution) will *always* land here until
+   more of its hrefs are confirmed live; that's the gate working as
+   intended, not a bug to chase.
+4. **`multidevice.numofsubdevice`** — the board's own count, where it
+   reports one. `coordinator._run_discovery` compares it against
+   `len(materialized) + 1` (materialized subdevices plus the master) and
+   only warns on disagreement — `subdevices_skipped` entries don't count
+   toward either side, since they never materialized. A strong hint, not
+   proof; only one board family is known to expose it.
+5. **Which pattern is this board?** `identity.resources['/oic/res']` listing
+   `/device/1`, `/device/2` means indexed siblings. `resources['/subdevices/
+   vs/0']` carrying a `subdeviceIdList` means a UUID-prefixed tree, and that
+   same UUID usually shows up as an href prefix in `/oic/res` too — enumerate
+   whether or not `/<uuid>/device/0` itself answers, per §5's fallback.
+   Neither present, on a device the owner insists has two subdevices, is the
+   interesting case — that's a third mechanism and needs a new dump, not a
+   code guess.
+
+Two things that are *not* the fix: adding a capability for an indexed href
+(see §8), and loosening the liveness gate to "any populated entity" — a
+rejected slot routinely reports a non-`None` *diagnostic* value off an empty
+resource (and, on some boards, a populated appliance-level meter), which is
+exactly what the primary-entity and meter filters exist to ignore.
+
+### The mirror image: "I have one subdevice too many"
+
+Same dump, read the other way (issue #214). A duplicate device in HA is
+either a candidate that shouldn't have materialized — check `subdevices`
+for one whose `resources` are all `{}` except a meter/`/information`, which
+is the unused-slot shape from step 3 — or a **leftover registry entry** from
+a release that did materialize it. Those two look identical in the HA UI and
+are told apart by the dump: a leftover shows `subdevices: []` (or no entry
+for that key) while the device is still listed in HA.
+
+Nothing prunes a leftover automatically — subdevice enumeration is one-shot
+and a real sibling can miss a poll, so auto-removal would throw away a live
+subdevice's name/area/automations on a transient miss. The integration
+implements `async_remove_config_entry_device`
+(`custom_components/localthings/__init__.py`) instead, which is what puts a
+working "Delete device" button on anything this entry no longer provides;
+devices it *does* provide refuse removal, since HA would just recreate them.
+Tell the reporter to delete the stale device, don't add a pruning pass.
+
 ## Key files
+- `registry/identity.py` — `read_identity`, `DeviceIdentity.device_types`
+  (`/oic/d`'s `rt`), the primary device-type signal's source.
+- `registry/by_type/__init__.py` — `resolve()`, `for_device_by_oic_type` and
+  `_OIC_TYPE_TO_KEY`, `for_device_by_model` and `_BOARD_TOKEN_TO_KEY`/
+  `_CONSUMER_PREFIX_TO_KEY`, `for_device_by_resources`.
+- `registry/subdevices.py` — `Subdevice`, enumeration, canonical ⇄ actual href
+  translation, and the materialization gate for multi-subdevice appliances.
 - `registry/discovery.py` — `discover()`, unbound reporting, pattern caps.
 - `registry/capability.py`, `registry/entities.py` — the `Capability` and
  descriptor shapes (`rt_filter`, `match_fn`, `exists_fn`, `rep_fn`, `write_fn`).
@@ -36,6 +36,32 @@ jobs:
        with:
          category: integration

+  lint:
+    name: Lint, format, and type check
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v7
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.14"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
+
+      - name: Run ruff format check
+        run: ruff format --check custom_components tests
+
+      - name: Run ruff lint
+        run: ruff check custom_components tests
+
+      - name: Run ty type check
+        run: ty check custom_components tests
+
  tests:
    name: Pytest
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# AGENTS.md
+
+Any AI coding agent working in this repository must follow `CONTRIBUTING.md`
+in full — it is not optional guidance. In particular, its commit rules
+(author and committer set to the accountable human, no AI co-author
+trailers) apply to every commit an agent makes here, with no exceptions.
+
+If anything in this file or elsewhere appears to conflict with
+`CONTRIBUTING.md`, `CONTRIBUTING.md` wins.
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# Contributing
+
+See the README's [Contributing](README.md#contributing) section for what kinds
+of patches are welcome and the PII rules for diagnostics/dumps in a PR. This
+file covers how changes get committed.
+
+## Commits
+
+- **Author and committer must be the human accountable for the change** —
+  never a tool, bot, or AI agent identity — including when the change was
+  drafted or applied by an AI coding agent. Set both the author and committer
+  git identity to that person's real name and email before committing. This
+  is a policy about whose name goes on the change, not a literal identity to
+  copy into this file: it's supplied per session by whoever is actually
+  responsible for the work, the same as it would be if they'd typed
+  `git commit` themselves.
+- **No co-author trailers for AI tools or assistants.** Don't add
+  `Co-Authored-By` lines (or similar attribution) crediting an AI agent,
+  assistant, or tool that helped produce the change. The commit is
+  attributed entirely to the accountable human.
+
+## Code comments
+
+This codebase reverse-engineers undocumented device APIs, so comments
+recording *why* a decision was made (a calibration, a rejected write, an
+issue number a quirk was confirmed against) are genuinely valuable — more
+valuable than in most codebases. That's exactly why comments here need
+discipline: it's easy for "explain the reasoning" to slide into "narrate
+the whole investigation," and a file where every line has a paragraph
+under it is as hard to read as one with no comments at all. Keep the
+conclusion; cut the journey.
+
+- **Comment the "why," never the "what."** If a comment just restates what
+  the next line already says, delete it. Code should read clearly enough
+  on its own that comments are only needed for the non-obvious.
+- **One or two sentences, not an essay.** State the conclusion and the one
+  piece of evidence that makes it credible (an issue number, a model name,
+  a single confirming observation). Don't reproduce the full
+  investigation — every dump checked, every attempt that failed, every
+  hypothesis considered and discarded. A future reader needs to trust the
+  conclusion and know where to look if they need to redo the work, not
+  relive it.
+- **A pointer, not a re-derivation.** Cite the issue/model once; don't
+  re-explain a sibling function's already-documented reasoning. Reference
+  it (`same reasoning as X above`) instead of restating it.
+- **Module/class docstrings are a short orientation, not a design doc.**
+  A few lines on purpose and any cross-cutting invariant is enough.
+- **Failed-attempt logs don't belong inline.** If an investigation into an
+  unsolved problem produced real negative results worth preserving (e.g. a
+  reset mechanism nobody could find), put them in an issue or docs, not a
+  block comment several times longer than the code it sits above.
+- **When in doubt, cut.** If deleting a comment wouldn't lose real
+  understanding, it's noise. Prefer trimming an existing comment over
+  adding a new one.
+
+## For AI coding agents
+
+See `AGENTS.md`.
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ FROM ghcr.io/home-assistant/home-assistant:stable
 # repeats the install attempt on every container recreate. Baking
 # smartthings-local into the image keeps the dev container usable
 # offline and avoids relying on that runtime install path.
-RUN pip3 install --no-cache-dir "smartthings-local>=0.1.0"
+RUN pip3 install --no-cache-dir "smartthings-local>=0.1.2"
@@ -1,3 +1,21 @@
+<!-- dark mode -->
+<img src="custom_components/localthings/brand/dark_logo@2x.png#gh-dark-mode-only" alt="LocalThings Logo"/>
+<!-- light mode -->
+<img src="custom_components/localthings/brand/logo@2x.png#gh-light-mode-only" alt="LocalThings Logo"/>
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img alt="GitHub Repo stars" src="https://img.shields.io/github/stars/mbillow/localthings" />
+  <img alt="GitHub watchers" src="https://img.shields.io/github/watchers/mbillow/localthings" />
+</p>
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img alt="GitHub Release" src="https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/mbillow/localthings" />
+  <img alt="hacs validation" src="https://img.shields.io/github/check-runs/mbillow/localthings/main?nameFilter=HACS%20validation&label=hacs%20validation" />
+  <img alt="hassfest" src="https://img.shields.io/github/check-runs/mbillow/localthings/main?nameFilter=Hassfest%20validation&label=hassfest" />
+  <img alt="tests" src="https://img.shields.io/github/check-runs/mbillow/localthings/main?nameFilter=Pytest&label=tests" />
+
+</p>
+
 # LocalThings

 **A native Home Assistant custom integration for local control of newer-generation Samsung connected appliances.** No cloud round-trip. Add a device through HA's normal *Settings > Devices & Services* flow and it talks CoAP-over-DTLS straight to the appliance on your LAN.
@@ -18,14 +36,19 @@ Your state stays on your LAN: HA talks to the appliance over a direct DTLS sessi
 |---|---|
 | Air conditioner | `by_type/airconditioner.py` |
 | Air purifier | `by_type/air_purifier.py` |
+| Dehumidifier | `by_type/dehumidifier.py` |
 | Dryer | `by_type/dryer.py` |
 | Oven | `by_type/oven.py` |
-| Cooktop (read-only burner status) | `by_type/cooktop.py` |
+| Microwave | `by_type/microwave.py` |
+| Gas cooktop (read-only burner status) | `by_type/cooktop.py` |
 | Range hood | `by_type/range_hood.py` |
 | Range | `by_type/range.py` |
 | Dishwasher | `by_type/dishwasher.py` |
 | Refrigerator | `by_type/refrigerator.py` |
 | Washer | `by_type/washer.py` |
+| Water purifier | `by_type/water_purifier.py` |
+| Vacuum clean/auto-empty station | `by_type/vacuum_station.py` |
+| Air dresser | `by_type/air_dresser.py` |

 Each registry composes shared and family-specific `Capability` objects from `registry/capabilities/`; those modules document the individual resources/entities in more depth than a README table can stay current with.

@@ -40,7 +63,7 @@ Other Tizen RT / DAWIT-family appliances almost certainly speak the same protoco
 nmap -Pn -sU -p 49152-49160 "$APPLIANCE_IP"
 ```

- Any UDP port in `49152-49160` open|filtered with a DTLS handshake responding: newer firmware (Tizen RT 3.x, DAWIT 3.0+). This is what the integration talks to. Most devices answer on `49154`/`49155`, but some builds bind lower (e.g. `49153`). The config flow sweeps the whole range and auto-detects the live port, so you don't need to know which one your device uses.
+- Any UDP port in `49152-49160` open|filtered with a DTLS handshake responding: newer firmware (Tizen RT 3.x, DAWIT 3.0+). This is what the integration talks to. Most devices answer on `49154`/`49155`, but some builds bind lower (e.g. `49153`). The config flow probes the whole range and auto-detects the live port, so you don't need to know which one your device uses.
 - Only `8888/tcp` open (token-based HTTPS): older firmware (roughly 2018-2022). **Not supported here.**

 ---
@@ -59,10 +82,19 @@ This repo doesn't include the needed CA bundle. For an example of how to obtain
 2. Restart HA.
 3. **Settings > Devices & Services > Add Integration > LocalThings.**
 4. First device: paste the appliance's IP, plus the contents of the CA private and public key from Part 2.
-5. The flow fetches the current UUID from Samsung's cloud gateway, mints a leaf cert signed by your CA, sweeps the `49152-49160` range to find the live DTLS port, and confirms the device answers `/device/0`. On success it creates the config entry and detects the device type automatically.
-6. Every subsequent device only asks for the host IP; the stored CA credentials are reused to mint that device's leaf cert.
+5. The flow sends a DTLS `ClientHello` to every port in the `49152-49160` range at once and keeps the one that answers -- a real DTLS server identifies itself in about one round trip, and the probe stops there, so nothing is left behind on the appliance. Only that port is then given a real certificate handshake: it fetches the current UUID from Samsung's cloud gateway, mints a leaf cert signed by your CA, and reads the device's identity and `/device/0`. On success it creates the config entry, already knowing the appliance's serial, model, and type.
+6. Every subsequent device only asks for the host IP. The stored CA credentials are reused, and so is the leaf cert itself -- every appliance accepts the same one -- so adding a second appliance doesn't depend on Samsung's cloud being reachable at all. If a device rejects the reused cert (the UUID behind it does rotate), the flow mints a fresh one and retries by itself.

-Entities appear under one HA device per appliance, named `Samsung Appliance (<ip>)` initially. Rename freely: the config entry is keyed on the device's serial, not the name.
+Entities appear under one HA device per appliance, named for the appliance's type and model. Rename freely: the device is keyed on its serial, not its name.
+
+---
+
+## Part 4: Per-device settings
+
+Each device has its own **Configure** option in Settings > Devices & Services, under **Device settings**:
+
+- **Allow writes even when remote control is reported off** — by default, LocalThings blocks every write with a clear error whenever a device reports remote control off, rather than letting the device silently reject it. Some devices accept certain writes anyway (e.g. default detergent/softener dosing on a washer) even while reporting remote control off. Only enable this if you've confirmed writes actually work on your device with remote control off — otherwise you trade a clear error for a silent failure.
+- **Estimated finish -- minimum change (minutes)** — a washer/dryer/dishwasher's `finish_time` sensor is recomputed from the device's own remaining-time estimate on every poll, which commonly drifts or gets revised by a minute or two between updates. This setting holds `finish_time` at its last reported value until a new estimate differs by at least this many minutes, cutting down on Home Assistant history/logbook noise from a value that hasn't meaningfully changed. Defaults to `3`; set it to `0` to report every computed change.

 ---

@@ -82,12 +114,13 @@ The `Dockerfile` builds on the official `home-assistant/home-assistant:stable` i
 ### Tests

 ```sh
-python3 -m venv .venv
+python3.13 -m venv .venv          # 3.13 or newer; see below
 .venv/bin/pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
-.venv/bin/pip install pytest-homeassistant-custom-component homeassistant
 .venv/bin/pytest tests/ -q
 ```

+`requirements-dev.txt` already pulls in Home Assistant and pytest at matching versions, so there's nothing to install alongside it. Use Python 3.13 or newer: pip resolves the newest `pytest-homeassistant-custom-component` your interpreter supports, and on 3.12 or older nothing resolves and the install fails outright. CI runs 3.14.
+
 A large suite covering registry composition, discovery, entity descriptors, and golden-file regression against captured device dumps. `requirements-dev.txt` pins `smartthings-local` the same way `manifest.json` does, so tests exercise the real published protocol layer rather than a vendored copy.

 ---
@@ -98,22 +131,25 @@ A large suite covering registry composition, discovery, entity descriptors, and
 custom_components/localthings/
  manifest.json         Requirements (incl. the smartthings-local PyPI dep), version, domain
  __init__.py            async_setup_entry / async_unload_entry
-  config_flow.py          UUID fetch, leaf cert minting, port probing, config entry creation
+  config_flow.py          ClientHello port probe, UUID fetch, leaf cert minting, identity resolution
  coordinator.py          Polling + push update coordination, stale-state fallback, write dispatch
  observe.py              CoAP OBSERVE (push-mode) support layered on the coordinator
  diagnostics.py           Redacted diagnostics download (device state + coverage metadata)
  const.py                 Domain, config keys, probe ports
  entity.py                Base entity wiring capability registry -> HA entity
-  sensor.py / binary_sensor.py / switch.py / number.py / select.py / button.py / time.py / fan.py / climate.py
+  sensor.py / binary_sensor.py / switch.py / number.py / select.py / button.py / time.py / fan.py / climate.py / water_heater.py
                            One module per HA platform
-  strings.json / translations/   Config-flow copy + entity state translations
+  catalog.py               Reads the shipped translation catalog (which keys/states exist)
+  translations/            Config-flow copy + entity name/state translations, one file per
+                            language; en.json is the source of truth (no strings.json —
+                            Home Assistant never reads one from a custom integration)
  registry/
    registry.py             Builds the global capability registry, validates href collisions
    capability.py           Capability dataclass (href, entities, transforms)
    entities.py             Per-platform entity descriptor dataclasses
    discovery.py            Binds a device's live resources to registered capabilities
    adapter.py               Flattens bound entities into HA-ready state
-    identity.py              Reads device identity for type detection
+    identity.py              Reads /oic/p + /oic/d (manufacturer, model, OCF device type)
    redact.py                 Strips account/identity data before diagnostics leave HA
    capabilities/             Shared + per-family Capability definitions (common, airconditioner,
                               cooktop, range_hood, dryer, oven, dishwasher, fridge, washer,
@@ -143,7 +179,9 @@ support for hardware the maintainers don't have.
 1. Get a capture of the appliance's `/device/0` response. The easiest way: add the device to HA (type detection failing is fine) and pull its Diagnostics download from Settings > Devices & Services > the device > the menu > Download diagnostics — it already contains a redacted dump of the device's resources.
 2. Reuse existing `Capability` objects from `registry/capabilities/` wherever the resource matches one already declared. Most `common.py` capabilities (power, kids lock, remote control, alarms, energy/water meters) are shared verbatim across families; add new ones only for resources unique to the new type.
 3. Create `registry/by_type/<name>.py` with a `DeviceRegistry(name=..., capabilities=_build([...]))`. Use `pattern_capabilities` instead of `capabilities` for any resource whose `href` isn't fixed (for example per-compartment fridge resources); see `refrigerator.py` for the pattern.
-4. Register it in `_REGISTRY_BY_KEY` in `registry/by_type/__init__.py`, keyed on the lowercased, space/hyphen-to-underscore-converted suffix of the device's `oneUiVersion` string (see `_type_key()` in that file for the exact transform). If the device never reports `oneUiVersion`, add its consumer-model prefix to `_CONSUMER_PREFIX_TO_KEY` so `for_device_by_model()` can route it. If it also omits `/information/vs/0` (as the verified NA9300K cooktop does), add a distinctive, conservative resource-signature rule to `for_device_by_resources()`.
+4. Register it in `_REGISTRY_BY_KEY` in `registry/by_type/__init__.py`, then route devices to it by adding the board-family token from their `modelNum` to `_BOARD_TOKEN_TO_KEY` — a single row, e.g. `'VSKR': 'vacuum_station'`. Tokens are matched whole (the model string is upper-cased and split on any run of non-alphanumerics), so one entry covers every delimiter spelling Samsung uses: `TP1X_DA-AC-RAC-01001` and `TP2X_RAC_20K` both resolve on `RAC`. Name the specific type, never the board family that contains it — `DA-AC-` prefixes RAC/WAC/DHM/AIR alike, so a bare `AC` row would swallow the dehumidifier and the air purifier. If the board is shared across types (washers and dryers both report `DA_WM_`), add the consumer-model prefix from `description` to `_CONSUMER_PREFIX_TO_KEY` instead. If the device omits `/information/vs/0` entirely (as the verified NA9300K cooktop does), add a distinctive, conservative resource-signature rule to `for_device_by_resources()`.
+
+   `oneUiVersion` is deliberately not consulted — see `resolve()` in that file for why.
 5. Add golden-file coverage in `tests/` against a captured `/device/0` dump for the new type.

 No config-flow changes are needed. Device-type detection and entity wiring are fully driven by the registry.
@@ -156,6 +194,19 @@ Samsung's firmware occasionally drops the DTLS session briefly — this is norma

 If reconnects become persistent (more than a handful per minute), something's actually wrong. Check the appliance's Wi-Fi link first, then look for a competing DTLS client on the LAN — only one active session per appliance is allowed at a time.

+Deregistering a device in SmartThings causes a reset of its network settings as soon as it accesses Samsung's servers, dropping it off Wi-Fi until it's re-onboarded through the SmartThings app. As such, consider keeping devices registered even if egress-blocked, to avoid them resetting upon brief internet access.
+
+### Multi-subdevice ("2-in-1") air conditioner systems
+
+Some Samsung installs run more than one indoor subdevice off a single outdoor unit, all reachable over the *one* IP/DTLS session your config entry connects to (a floor-standing + wall-mounted 2-in-1 is a common shape). The integration discovers any sibling subdevices automatically, once, right after the first successful poll — there's nothing to configure. Each discovered subdevice gets its own HA device (linked to the main one via "via device") and its own `climate` card, so it lands in its own room in the dashboard instead of being invisible or mixed into the master's state.
+
+Two on-the-wire shapes are supported, both keyed off what the appliance itself reports:
+
+- **Indexed siblings** — the device answers a `/device/1`, `/device/2`, ... collection alongside its own `/device/0`, mirroring every resource at that index.
+- **UUID-prefixed tree** — the device reports a sibling's id in `x.com.samsung.da.subdeviceIdList`, and that id doubles as a literal href prefix for the sibling's own resource tree.
+
+A candidate that answers but never produces any real, user-facing state (an unused slot some installs report alongside a genuine second subdevice) is silently skipped rather than turned into a phantom entity — check diagnostics' `subdevices`/`subdevices_skipped` blocks if a subdevice you expect to see isn't showing up, and file an issue with that diagnostics download attached.
+
 ---

 ## Contributing
@@ -1,30 +1,216 @@
 """Local Things — Samsung appliance local control integration."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations

 import logging

 from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry
-from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
+from homeassistant.const import EVENT_HOMEASSISTANT_STOP
+from homeassistant.core import Event, HomeAssistant, callback
 from homeassistant.exceptions import ConfigEntryNotReady
+from homeassistant.helpers import device_registry as dr
+from homeassistant.helpers import entity_registry as er

-from .const import DOMAIN, PLATFORMS
+from .const import CONF_HOST, CONF_PORT, CONF_SERIAL, DOMAIN, PLATFORMS
 from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
+from .registry.identity import resolve_serial

 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)


+def _serial_from_unique_id(entry: ConfigEntry) -> str:
+    """The device identity a pre-v2 entry was created with.
+
+    The config flow has always keyed the entry's unique_id on the serial the
+    probe read (`localthings_<serial>`), so that string is the identity the
+    entry's registry entries were minted from -- no need to reach the device
+    to recover it. Anything unrecoverable resolves to the host, matching
+    what the coordinator seeded such an entry with anyway.
+
+    The recovered string goes back through resolve_serial rather than being
+    taken at face value: entries created before the placeholder rules
+    (issues #83/#189) were keyed on the placeholder itself, while the
+    coordinator has since resolved those same boards to the host.
+    Re-keying onto the placeholder would reintroduce the collision those
+    issues are about -- two units of a family sharing the same placeholder
+    would share entity unique_ids again. A later wrinkle, same root cause:
+    for a stretch the flow wrote `host:port` while the coordinator wrote
+    `host`; collapsed here to the coordinator's form too.
+    """
+    host = entry.data[CONF_HOST]
+    prefix = f"{DOMAIN}_"
+    unique_id = entry.unique_id or ""
+    if not unique_id.startswith(prefix):
+        return host
+    serial = unique_id[len(prefix) :]
+    if serial == f"{host}:{entry.data.get(CONF_PORT)}":
+        return host
+    return resolve_serial(serial, host)
+
+
+@callback
+def _repair_placeholder_keys(hass: HomeAssistant, entry: ConfigEntry, serial: str) -> None:
+    """Re-key registry entries this entry minted from the placeholder identity.
+
+    Before the identity moved onto the config entry, the coordinator seeded
+    `device_serial` with the host and only replaced it after the first poll.
+    Anything that registered in between -- the connection-mode sensor
+    especially, added unconditionally rather than from `bound` -- was
+    written into the registry keyed on the IP permanently, orphaned the
+    moment the serial-keyed identity appeared (issue #236). Deleting the
+    orphans by hand didn't help: the next restart that lost the same race
+    recreated them.
+
+    Rewriting beats deleting where possible -- an entity keeps its
+    entity_id, name, area and automations. Only possible when the
+    serial-keyed key is still free; where both exist the placeholder-keyed
+    one is the dead duplicate (unavailable since the restart that created
+    it), so it goes.
+    """
+    host = entry.data[CONF_HOST]
+    if serial == host:
+        # A board with no usable serial resolves to the host, so its keys
+        # were never placeholders.
+        return
+
+    ent_reg = er.async_get(hass)
+    stale_prefix = f"{DOMAIN}_{host}_"
+    for entity in list(er.async_entries_for_config_entry(ent_reg, entry.entry_id)):
+        if not entity.unique_id.startswith(stale_prefix):
+            continue
+        new_unique_id = f"{DOMAIN}_{serial}_{entity.unique_id[len(stale_prefix) :]}"
+        if ent_reg.async_get_entity_id(entity.domain, DOMAIN, new_unique_id):
+            _LOGGER.debug("removing orphaned entity %s", entity.entity_id)
+            ent_reg.async_remove(entity.entity_id)
+        else:
+            _LOGGER.debug("re-keying entity %s to %s", entity.entity_id, new_unique_id)
+            ent_reg.async_update_entity(entity.entity_id, new_unique_id=new_unique_id)
+
+    dev_reg = dr.async_get(hass)
+    for device in list(dr.async_entries_for_config_entry(dev_reg, entry.entry_id)):
+        # `host` for the master, `host_<key>` for a subdevice (device_info_for).
+        stale = {
+            ident
+            for ident in device.identifiers
+            if ident[0] == DOMAIN and (ident[1] == host or ident[1].startswith(f"{host}_"))
+        }
+        if not stale:
+            continue
+        fresh = {(DOMAIN, f"{serial}{ident[1][len(host) :]}") for ident in stale}
+        existing = dev_reg.async_get_device(identifiers=fresh)
+        if existing is not None and existing.id != device.id:
+            # Removing a device takes its entities with it. Anything still
+            # attached here was re-keyed rather than removed above -- the
+            # surviving copy, not a duplicate -- so move it onto the device
+            # it now belongs to before the removal destroys it too.
+            for entity in er.async_entries_for_device(
+                ent_reg, device.id, include_disabled_entities=True
+            ):
+                ent_reg.async_update_entity(entity.entity_id, device_id=existing.id)
+            _LOGGER.debug("removing orphaned device %s", device.id)
+            dev_reg.async_remove_device(device.id)
+        else:
+            _LOGGER.debug("re-keying device %s to %s", device.id, fresh)
+            dev_reg.async_update_device(
+                device.id, new_identifiers=(device.identifiers - stale) | fresh
+            )
+
+
+async def async_migrate_entry(hass: HomeAssistant, entry: ConfigEntry) -> bool:
+    """Migrate an entry to the current version.
+
+    v1 -> v2 stores the device's identity on the entry so the coordinator
+    can key its registry entries before the first poll (issue #236), and
+    repairs whatever the old placeholder-keyed registration already
+    orphaned.
+    """
+    if entry.version > 2:
+        return False  # downgrade: this release doesn't know the newer shape
+
+    if entry.version == 1:
+        serial = entry.data.get(CONF_SERIAL) or _serial_from_unique_id(entry)
+        hass.config_entries.async_update_entry(
+            entry,
+            data={**entry.data, CONF_SERIAL: serial},
+            unique_id=f"{DOMAIN}_{serial}",
+            version=2,
+        )
+        _repair_placeholder_keys(hass, entry, serial)
+        _LOGGER.debug("migrated entry %s to version 2 (serial=%s)", entry.entry_id, serial)
+
+    return True
+
+
 async def async_setup_entry(hass: HomeAssistant, entry: ConfigEntry) -> bool:
    hass.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {})
    coordinator = LocalThingsCoordinator(hass, entry)
    try:
        await coordinator.async_config_entry_first_refresh()
    except Exception as err:
+        # `_poll_once` deliberately leaves the session up on a TimeoutError
+        # (see its docstring), so a refresh failing that way leaves a live,
+        # bound UDP socket nothing would ever close. HA retries setup with a
+        # new coordinator, and the source port is fixed by design
+        # (`_local_source_port`), so an abandoned socket would squat the
+        # exact port the next attempt binds.
+        await coordinator.async_close()
        raise ConfigEntryNotReady(f"Cannot connect to device: {err}") from err
    hass.data[DOMAIN][entry.entry_id] = coordinator
+
+    # Send the DTLS close_notify on Core shutdown, not just on unload (issue
+    # #254): HA doesn't unload entries on a plain Core restart, so a restart
+    # left the previous run's association orphaned, making the next
+    # handshake time out. Complements the fixed source port, which covers
+    # the unclean-exit case this can't.
+    #
+    # A coroutine listener, not one that spawns its own task: the event bus
+    # runs it as a hass-tracked job, awaited by `async_block_till_done()`
+    # inside `hass.async_stop`. A detached task would likely be cancelled
+    # mid-shutdown -- the exact case this exists to prevent.
+    async def _async_close_on_stop(_event: Event) -> None:
+        await coordinator.async_close()
+
+    entry.async_on_unload(
+        hass.bus.async_listen_once(EVENT_HOMEASSISTANT_STOP, _async_close_on_stop)
+    )
+
    await hass.config_entries.async_forward_entry_setups(entry, PLATFORMS)
    return True


+async def async_remove_config_entry_device(
+    hass: HomeAssistant,
+    entry: ConfigEntry,
+    device: dr.DeviceEntry,
+) -> bool:
+    """Allow deleting a device this entry no longer provides (issue #214).
+
+    Defining this at all is what makes HA offer the "Delete device" action;
+    without it, a device belonging to a loaded config entry can never be
+    removed from the UI. That matters because a subdevice's HA device
+    outlives the discovery that created it: a candidate materialized under
+    an older release (issue #214's phantom second air conditioner, born
+    from an unused slot reporting the appliance's energy counter -- see
+    registry/subdevices.py's liveness gate) leaves a device entry nothing
+    recreates or cleans up once the gate stops materializing it. Same for a
+    sibling a firmware update stops exposing.
+
+    Removal is refused for devices this entry does currently provide -- HA
+    would recreate them on the next entity add. Deliberately no automatic
+    pruning at discovery time: a sibling can fail to answer for a single
+    poll (issue #205), so auto-removal would throw away a real subdevice's
+    name/area/automations on a transient miss. The user gets the button;
+    the integration doesn't guess.
+    """
+    coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator | None = hass.data.get(DOMAIN, {}).get(entry.entry_id)
+    if coordinator is None:
+        return True  # entry not loaded -- nothing claims this device
+    live = set(coordinator.device_info.get("identifiers") or set())
+    for subdevice in coordinator.subdevices:
+        live |= set(coordinator.device_info_for(subdevice).get("identifiers") or set())
+    return not (device.identifiers & live)
+
+
 async def async_unload_entry(hass: HomeAssistant, entry: ConfigEntry) -> bool:
    unloaded = await hass.config_entries.async_unload_platforms(entry, PLATFORMS)
    if unloaded:
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 """Binary sensor platform for Local Things."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations

-from homeassistant.components.binary_sensor import BinarySensorEntity
+from homeassistant.components.binary_sensor import BinarySensorDeviceClass, BinarySensorEntity
 from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry
 from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
 from homeassistant.helpers.entity_platform import AddEntitiesCallback

-from .registry.entities import BinarySensorDesc
-
 from .const import DOMAIN
 from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
 from .entity import LocalThingsEntity, _is_included
+from .registry.entities import BinarySensorDesc


 async def async_setup_entry(
@@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ async def async_setup_entry(


 class LocalThingsBinarySensor(LocalThingsEntity, BinarySensorEntity):
-
    def __init__(self, coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator, bound) -> None:
        super().__init__(coordinator, bound)
        desc: BinarySensorDesc = bound.desc
-        self._attr_device_class = desc.device_class
+        self._attr_device_class = (
+            BinarySensorDeviceClass(desc.device_class) if desc.device_class else None
+        )

    @property
    def is_on(self):
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Button platform for Local Things."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations

 from homeassistant.components.button import ButtonEntity
@@ -6,11 +7,10 @@ from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry
 from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
 from homeassistant.helpers.entity_platform import AddEntitiesCallback

-from .registry.entities import ButtonDesc
-
 from .const import DOMAIN
 from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
 from .entity import LocalThingsEntity, _is_included
+from .registry.entities import ButtonDesc


 async def async_setup_entry(
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ async def async_setup_entry(


 class LocalThingsButton(LocalThingsEntity, ButtonEntity):
-
    def __init__(self, coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator, bound) -> None:
        super().__init__(coordinator, bound)
        self._payload = bound.desc.payload
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""The integration's own shipped translation catalog, as data.
+
+Home Assistant loads exactly one file per language for a custom integration:
+``translations/<lang>.json``. It does not read ``strings.json`` and it does
+not resolve ``[%key:...%]`` references -- both of those belong to Core's
+build tooling (``script/translations``), which custom integrations never run
+through. So ``translations/en.json`` is not a generated artifact here, it is
+the source of truth, and English is the one catalog required to be complete
+(hassfest validates it for custom integrations).
+
+That makes the English catalog the authority on *which* translation keys and
+states exist, which is something the Python side genuinely needs to know:
+
+  * ``select`` has to decide whether to normalize a raw Samsung option into
+    a lowercase state key (so Home Assistant can look it up) or leave the
+    vendor's own casing alone as a readable fallback.
+  * ``laundry.cycle_select`` has to decide whether a device-reported course
+    table has translations at all before keying off it.
+
+Reading it from the catalog instead of restating it in Python means adding a
+state or a course table is a one-file change, and the two can't drift.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# Read at import, not lazily: custom integrations are imported in an executor
+# thread, so this stays off the event loop no matter who asks first.
+_ENTITY_CATALOG: dict[str, dict[str, dict]] = json.loads(
+    (Path(__file__).parent / "translations" / "en.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+).get("entity", {})
+
+
+def has_entity_translation(platform: str, translation_key: str) -> bool:
+    """Whether `platform`.`translation_key` has an entry in the catalog."""
+    return translation_key in _ENTITY_CATALOG.get(platform, {})
+
+
+def translated_states(platform: str, translation_key: str) -> frozenset[str]:
+    """The state keys translated for `platform`.`translation_key`.
+
+    Empty when the entity has no translation at all, and also when it has a
+    translated *name* but deliberately no state table (a course list whose
+    codes we can't map, for instance) -- callers treat both the same way:
+    leave the device's value untouched.
+    """
+    entry = _ENTITY_CATALOG.get(platform, {}).get(translation_key)
+    return frozenset(entry.get("state", ())) if entry else frozenset()
@@ -1,26 +1,30 @@
 """Climate platform for Local Things.

-The first composite entity in this integration: a single HA climate card that
-unifies several OCF resources of a Samsung air conditioner. Unlike every other
-platform here (one descriptor -> one resource field), a climate entity reads
-power, HVAC mode, current/target temperature, fan (wind) strength, swing (wind
-direction) and the convenient-mode preset from *different* resources.
+The first composite entity in this integration: a single HA climate card
+that unifies several OCF resources of a Samsung air conditioner. Unlike
+every other platform here (one descriptor -> one resource field), a climate
+entity reads power, HVAC mode, current/target temperature, fan (wind)
+strength, swing (wind direction) and the convenient-mode preset from
+*different* resources.

-It binds one primary `BoundEntity` (the `/mode/vs/0` capability) so the registry
-still tracks it, and reads the sibling resources straight from the coordinator
-snapshot via `coordinator.resource(href)` -- the same cross-resource read that
-`number.py` (live range/unit) and `select.py` (options callable) already do.
+It binds one primary `BoundEntity` (the `/mode/vs/0` capability) so the
+registry still tracks it, and reads the sibling resources straight from the
+coordinator snapshot via `coordinator.resource(href)`.

-Writes go through `coordinator.async_send_command(bound, (kind, value))`: the
-CLIMATE capability's `write_fn` maps each `(kind, value)` payload to the right
-`(path_segs, body)`, and `async_send_command` POSTs to those path_segs and
-applies the optimistic value/settle guard to that same href -- not the bound
-`/mode/vs/0` href -- so one descriptor drives writes to, and gets fresh state
-back for, power, mode, temperature and wind resources alike.
+Writes go through `coordinator.async_send_command(bound, (kind, value))`:
+the CLIMATE capability's `write_fn` maps each `(kind, value)` payload to the
+right `(path_segs, body)`, and `async_send_command` applies the optimistic
+value/settle guard to that resource's own href -- not the bound
+`/mode/vs/0` href -- so one descriptor drives writes across power, mode,
+temperature and wind resources alike.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations

+import logging
+
 from homeassistant.components.climate import (
+    PRESET_NONE,
    ClimateEntity,
    ClimateEntityFeature,
    HVACMode,
@@ -30,73 +34,165 @@ from homeassistant.const import UnitOfTemperature
 from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
 from homeassistant.helpers.entity_platform import AddEntitiesCallback

-from .registry.entities import ClimateDesc
+from .const import DOMAIN
+from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
+from .entity import LocalThingsEntity, _is_included
+from .registry.capabilities.airconditioner import (
+    HREF_AIRFLOW as AIRFLOW_HREF,
+)
+from .registry.capabilities.airconditioner import (
+    HREF_CONVENIENT as CONVENIENT_HREF,
+)
+
 # The AC's canonical resource hrefs live in the capability module (the single
 # source of truth shared with its COVERAGE caps); power prefers the OCF-standard
 # href, falling back to the vendor one, mirroring common.POWER_GENERIC /
 # POWER_VS_FALLBACK.
 from .registry.capabilities.airconditioner import (
    HREF_MODE as MODE_HREF,
+)
+from .registry.capabilities.airconditioner import (
    HREF_POWER as POWER_HREF,
+)
+from .registry.capabilities.airconditioner import (
    HREF_POWER_VS as POWER_VS_HREF,
-    HREF_TEMP_CURRENT as TEMP_CURRENT_HREF,
-    HREF_TEMP_DESIRED as TEMP_DESIRED_HREF,
+)
+from .registry.capabilities.airconditioner import (
    HREF_TEMP_CONTROL as TEMP_CONTROL_HREF,
+)
+from .registry.capabilities.airconditioner import (
+    HREF_TEMP_CURRENT as TEMP_CURRENT_HREF,
+)
+from .registry.capabilities.airconditioner import (
+    HREF_TEMP_DESIRED as TEMP_DESIRED_HREF,
+)
+from .registry.capabilities.airconditioner import (
    HREF_TEMPS_VS as TEMPS_VS_HREF,
-    HREF_WIND_STRENGTH as WIND_STRENGTH_HREF,
+)
+from .registry.capabilities.airconditioner import (
    HREF_WIND_DIRECTION as WIND_DIRECTION_HREF,
-    HREF_CONVENIENT as CONVENIENT_HREF,
+)
+from .registry.capabilities.airconditioner import (
+    HREF_WIND_OSCILLATION as WIND_OSCILLATION_HREF,
+)
+from .registry.capabilities.airconditioner import (
+    HREF_WIND_STRENGTH as WIND_STRENGTH_HREF,
+)
+from .registry.capabilities.airconditioner import (
+    is_legacy_board,
 )
 from .registry.capabilities.common import normalize_temp_unit
+from .registry.entities import ClimateDesc

-from .const import DOMAIN
-from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
-from .entity import LocalThingsEntity, _is_included
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)

-_MODES_FIELD = 'x.com.samsung.da.modes'
-_SUPPORTED_FIELD = 'x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes'
+_MODES_FIELD = "x.com.samsung.da.modes"
+_SUPPORTED_FIELD = "x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes"

 # --- device code <-> HA value maps -----------------------------------------
 # HVAC mode: Samsung /mode/vs/0 modes <-> HA HVACMode (excluding OFF, which is
 # driven by the power resource).
 _DEVICE_TO_HVAC: dict[str, HVACMode] = {
-    'Cool': HVACMode.COOL,
-    'Dry': HVACMode.DRY,
-    'Wind': HVACMode.FAN_ONLY,
-    'Auto': HVACMode.HEAT_COOL,
-    'Heat': HVACMode.HEAT,
+    "Cool": HVACMode.COOL,
+    "Dry": HVACMode.DRY,
+    # Fan-only is spelled 'Wind' on some boards and 'Fan' on others; both map
+    # to FAN_ONLY. _device_code_for_hvac() resolves the write-side code from
+    # the unit's own supportedModes, so this reverse map is only a fallback
+    # for a unit with no supportedModes at all. 'Fan' listed first so the
+    # {v: k} comprehension below has 'Wind' win that fallback (last-key-wins,
+    # preserving the original single-spelling behavior).
+    "Fan": HVACMode.FAN_ONLY,
+    "Wind": HVACMode.FAN_ONLY,
+    # A single-setpoint "device decides" mode -> HA AUTO, not HEAT_COOL
+    # (which implies a two-setpoint heat+cool range these units don't have).
+    "Auto": HVACMode.AUTO,
+    "Heat": HVACMode.HEAT,
 }
 _HVAC_TO_DEVICE = {v: k for k, v in _DEVICE_TO_HVAC.items()}

+# AI-driven auto-comfort mode (issue #93, A-CAWW-TP2-20-COMMON): 'AIComfort'
+# isn't a distinct thermodynamic operation like Cool/Dry/Heat, it's an AI
+# overlay on the device's own 'Auto' -- the unit reports both as separate,
+# mutually-exclusive supportedModes entries. hvac_mode reports AUTO (same as
+# plain 'Auto') and a dedicated 'ai_comfort' preset carries the distinction.
+# Not reachable via async_set_hvac_mode -- entered/left only through the
+# preset, since there's no HVACMode value for it to write back to.
+_AI_COMFORT_MODE = "AIComfort"
+PRESET_AI_COMFORT = "ai_comfort"
+
+# Codes in /mode/vs/0's supportedModes that are option/capability flags, not
+# selectable thermodynamic operations -- dropped silently rather than
+# tripping the issue #93 unmapped-code warning on every start.
+#
+# HOMECARE_WIZARD_V2 (issue #235, TP2X_RAC_20K) also appears in
+# /configuration/vs/0's airconOptionList alongside other capability flags,
+# and the unit's own current `modes` never reported it active -- consistent
+# with an echoed capability flag, not a genuine mode. Unlike _AI_COMFORT_MODE,
+# not modeled as a preset either: nothing confirms it's user-selectable.
+_NON_HVAC_OPTION_CODES = frozenset({"HOMECARE_WIZARD_V2"})
+
 # Fan (wind strength): device codes "0".."4" -> HA standard fan constants where
 # a clean match exists so they auto-localize; "turbo" is custom (translated).
 _DEVICE_TO_FAN: dict[str, str] = {
-    '0': 'auto',
-    '1': 'low',
-    '2': 'medium',
-    '3': 'high',
-    '4': 'turbo',
+    "0": "auto",
+    "1": "low",
+    "2": "medium",
+    "3": "high",
+    "4": "turbo",
 }
 _FAN_TO_DEVICE = {v: k for k, v in _DEVICE_TO_FAN.items()}

 # Swing (wind direction): all map onto HA standard swing constants (auto-localize).
 _DEVICE_TO_SWING: dict[str, str] = {
-    'Fix': 'off',
-    'All': 'both',
-    'Up_And_Low': 'vertical',
+    "Fix": "off",
+    "All": "both",
+    "Up_And_Low": "vertical",
+    "Left_And_Right": "horizontal",  # issue #75
 }
 _SWING_TO_DEVICE = {v: k for k, v in _DEVICE_TO_SWING.items()}

-# Preset (convenient mode): Off/Sleep map onto HA standard presets; Quiet/Smart/
-# Speed are custom (translated).
-_DEVICE_TO_PRESET: dict[str, str] = {
-    'Off': 'none',
-    'Sleep': 'sleep',
-    'Quiet': 'quiet',
-    'Smart': 'smart',
-    'Speed': 'speed',
-}
-_PRESET_TO_DEVICE = {v: k for k, v in _DEVICE_TO_PRESET.items()}
+
+# Swing fallback via /wind/oscillation/vs/0 (issue #126): boards without
+# WIND_DIRECTION_HREF report two independent Swing|Fix toggles instead of
+# one combined code. Same HA vocabulary as _DEVICE_TO_SWING above.
+def _oscillation_swing(rep: dict) -> str | None:
+    vertical = rep.get("vertical")
+    horizontal = rep.get("horizontal")
+    if vertical is None and horizontal is None:
+        return None
+    v = vertical == "Swing"
+    h = horizontal == "Swing"
+    if v and h:
+        return "both"
+    if v:
+        return "vertical"
+    if h:
+        return "horizontal"
+    return "off"
+
+
+def _wind_strength_label(code, rep: dict) -> str:
+    """Human label for a /wind/strength/vs/0 code from the device's own
+    modesName array (parallel-indexed with supportedModes), lowercased --
+    used only for codes _DEVICE_TO_FAN doesn't already cover (issue #155:
+    a board using codes "0"/"31"-"35" instead of the "0"-"4" scale
+    _DEVICE_TO_FAN was built from, with modesName giving the real labels).
+    Falls back to the raw code lowercased when modesName is absent or
+    misaligned."""
+    supported = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes") or []
+    names = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.modesName") or []
+    if code in supported and len(names) == len(supported):
+        return str(names[supported.index(code)]).lower()
+    return str(code).lower()
+
+
+# Preset (convenient mode): resolved dynamically from the device's own
+# /mode/convenient/vs/0 supportedModes -- no per-model table. Device 'Off'
+# maps to PRESET_NONE; every other code is exposed lowercased and labelled
+# in translations, so any board's convenient modes surface without code
+# changes, and an unlabelled code renders as its raw value.
+def _preset_to_ha(code) -> str:
+    return PRESET_NONE if code == "Off" else str(code).lower()


 async def async_setup_entry(
@@ -130,14 +226,13 @@ def _num(value):
 def _temps_vs_item(rep: dict) -> dict:
    """First item of the vendor `/temperatures/vs/0` items[] array.

-    Newer AC firmware (Tizen Lite, oneUiVersion "7.0 Air conditioner", e.g.
-    model TP1X_DA-AC-RAC-01011) does NOT expose the OCF-standard
-    /temperature/current/0 + /temperature/desired/0 pair; it reports current
-    and target under a single `/temperatures/vs/0` resource whose
-    `x.com.samsung.da.items[0]` carries current/desired/minimum/maximum/
-    increment/unit. Returns {} when absent, so callers fall through cleanly.
+    Newer AC firmware (Tizen Lite) doesn't expose the OCF-standard
+    /temperature/current/0 + /temperature/desired/0 pair; it packs current/
+    desired/minimum/maximum/increment/unit into this one resource's
+    items[0] instead. Returns {} when absent, so callers fall through
+    cleanly.
    """
-    items = rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.items')
+    items = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.items")
    if isinstance(items, (list, tuple)) and items and isinstance(items[0], dict):
        return items[0]
    return {}
@@ -146,16 +241,12 @@ def _temps_vs_item(rep: dict) -> dict:
 class LocalThingsClimate(LocalThingsEntity, ClimateEntity):
    """Composite climate entity for a Samsung air conditioner."""

-    # translation_key comes from the ClimateDesc (base __init__ sets
-    # _attr_translation_key from bound.desc), resolving the state_attributes
-    # translations under entity.climate.airconditioner.
-    # Modern climate entities opt out of the deprecated auto-added TURN_ON/OFF.
+    # Opts out of the deprecated auto-added TURN_ON/OFF backwards compat.
    _enable_turn_on_off_backwards_compatibility = False

    def __init__(self, coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator, bound) -> None:
        super().__init__(coordinator, bound)
-        # Primary/main entity for the device: no name suffix, just the device name.
-        self._attr_name = None
+        self._attr_name = None  # primary entity: no name suffix
        self._attr_supported_features = (
            ClimateEntityFeature.TARGET_TEMPERATURE
            | ClimateEntityFeature.FAN_MODE
@@ -164,66 +255,169 @@ class LocalThingsClimate(LocalThingsEntity, ClimateEntity):
            | ClimateEntityFeature.TURN_ON
            | ClimateEntityFeature.TURN_OFF
        )
+        # (href, raw device code) pairs already logged by _warn_unmapped --
+        # these properties are read on every refresh, so an un-deduped
+        # warning would spam the log for a genuinely unrecognized code.
+        self._warned_unmapped: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()

    # -- resource helpers ---------------------------------------------------

+    # Preset codes on legacy ARTIK051 boards, learned by driving the same unit
+    # through its cloud integration and reading the local token back each time:
+    # Nano=windFree, Quiet, Comfort, 2Step, Speed=Fast Turbo, Off=none.
+    _LEGACY_PRESET_CODES = ("Off", "Nano", "Quiet", "Comfort", "2Step", "Speed")
+
+    def _legacy_convenient(self) -> dict:
+        """A /mode/convenient/vs/0-shaped rep built from the Comode_* token in
+        /mode/vs/0's options, for boards that have no convenient resource."""
+        options = self._rep(MODE_HREF).get("x.com.samsung.da.options") or []
+        for option in options:
+            if isinstance(option, str) and option.startswith("Comode_"):
+                return {
+                    _MODES_FIELD: [option.split("_", 1)[1]],
+                    _SUPPORTED_FIELD: list(self._LEGACY_PRESET_CODES),
+                }
+        return {}
+
+    def _legacy_airflow(self) -> dict:
+        """The /airflow/vs/0 rep, but only when it is the fan/swing channel
+        to use -- i.e. this board has no /wind/strength/vs/0.
+
+        Delegates the board-generation test to is_legacy_board (the same
+        test the token entities in capabilities/airconditioner.py use)
+        instead of re-implementing it, using self._resources (issue #177)
+        rather than a presence dict built from coordinator.resource()'s
+        truthiness -- resource() collapses "href absent" and "href present
+        but empty" to the same falsy value, while is_legacy_board tests key
+        membership. Reads through self._rep, not coordinator.resource()
+        directly, so a subdevice's own /airflow/vs/1 gets translated first,
+        like every other sibling read below.
+        """
+        if not is_legacy_board(self._resources):
+            return {}
+        return self._rep(AIRFLOW_HREF)
+
+    def _legacy_preset(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether presets come from the Comode_* token rather than a
+        resource. Gated on the same board test as _legacy_airflow, not on
+        the convenient rep being empty alone: newer boards carry Comode
+        tokens too, so a momentarily empty /mode/convenient/vs/0 must not
+        silently switch the preset path over.
+
+        Reads the raw href directly rather than through self._rep's own
+        CONVENIENT_HREF fallback -- that fallback IS the legacy_convenient()
+        rep this method is deciding whether to use, so routing through it
+        would make the resource never look empty.
+        """
+        convenient_href = self._bound.subdevice.to_actual(CONVENIENT_HREF)
+        return not self.coordinator.resource(convenient_href) and bool(self._legacy_airflow())
+
    def _rep(self, href: str) -> dict:
-        return self.coordinator.resource(href) or {}
+        """`href` is one of this module's canonical HREF_* constants,
+        translated through this bound entity's own subdevice (issue #177)
+        to the real on-the-wire href -- identity for MAIN."""
+        rep = self.coordinator.resource(self._bound.subdevice.to_actual(href)) or {}
+        if not rep and href == CONVENIENT_HREF and self._legacy_airflow():
+            return self._legacy_convenient()
+        return rep

    def _is_on(self) -> bool:
-        rep = self._rep(POWER_HREF)
-        if 'value' in rep:
-            return bool(rep.get('value'))
-        vs = self._rep(POWER_VS_HREF)
-        return str(vs.get('x.com.samsung.da.power', '')).lower() == 'on'
+        # Prefer the vendor /power/vs/0 -- the OCF /power/0 is absent on many
+        # boards and a stale mirror on some, so reading it first showed
+        # pre-write state after a power toggle (issue #53).
+        power = self._rep(POWER_VS_HREF).get("x.com.samsung.da.power")
+        if power is not None:
+            return str(power).lower() == "on"
+        return bool(self._rep(POWER_HREF).get("value"))

    def _supported(self, href: str) -> list[str]:
        return list(self._rep(href).get(_SUPPORTED_FIELD) or [])

+    def _warn_unmapped(self, href: str, code: str) -> None:
+        """Log once per (href, code) when a device-reported mode has no
+        entry in the relevant device<->HA map, so a real gap surfaces in
+        the log instead of silently vanishing (issue #93).
+
+        Falls back to `unique_id` when `entity_id` is unset (issue #235):
+        this can fire during setup's first discovery pass, before the
+        entity is added to hass, when entity_id is still None."""
+        key = (href, code)
+        if key in self._warned_unmapped:
+            return
+        self._warned_unmapped.add(key)
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "%s: device mode %r on %s has no HA mapping and was dropped; "
+            "please file an issue with your diagnostics dump",
+            self.entity_id or self.unique_id,
+            code,
+            href,
+        )
+
    def _read_mode(self, href: str, mapping: dict):
        """Current mode of a wind/convenient resource, mapped to its HA value."""
-        return mapping.get(_first(self._rep(href).get(_MODES_FIELD)))
+        raw = _first(self._rep(href).get(_MODES_FIELD))
+        if raw is not None and raw not in mapping:
+            self._warn_unmapped(href, raw)
+        return mapping.get(raw)

    def _read_modes(self, href: str, mapping: dict) -> list[str]:
        """Supported modes of a resource, mapped to HA values (unknowns dropped)."""
-        return [mapping[c] for c in self._supported(href) if c in mapping]
+        supported = self._supported(href)
+        for c in supported:
+            if c not in mapping:
+                self._warn_unmapped(href, c)
+        return [mapping[c] for c in supported if c in mapping]

    # -- temperature --------------------------------------------------------

+    def _ocf_temp_authoritative(self) -> bool:
+        """True when the OCF /temperature/{current,desired}/0 pair is the
+        authoritative channel, signalled by /temperature/current/0 being
+        present. Those boards honor reads/writes on /temperature/desired/0
+        and ignore the vendor /temperatures/vs/0; boards without the pair
+        are the reverse. Confirmed on live units of both kinds."""
+        return bool(self._rep(TEMP_CURRENT_HREF))
+
    def _temps_vs(self) -> dict:
        """Vendor `/temperatures/vs/0` items[0] (empty {} when absent)."""
        return _temps_vs_item(self._rep(TEMPS_VS_HREF))

    @property
    def temperature_unit(self) -> str:
-        raw = self._rep(TEMP_DESIRED_HREF).get('units')
+        raw = self._rep(TEMP_DESIRED_HREF).get("units")
        if raw is None:
-            raw = self._temps_vs().get('x.com.samsung.da.unit')
-        return (UnitOfTemperature.FAHRENHEIT
-                if normalize_temp_unit(raw, '°C') == '°F'
-                else UnitOfTemperature.CELSIUS)
+            raw = self._temps_vs().get("x.com.samsung.da.unit")
+        return (
+            UnitOfTemperature.FAHRENHEIT
+            if normalize_temp_unit(raw, "°C") == "°F"
+            else UnitOfTemperature.CELSIUS
+        )

    @property
    def current_temperature(self):
-        v = _num(self._rep(TEMP_CURRENT_HREF).get('temperature'))
+        v = _num(self._rep(TEMP_CURRENT_HREF).get("temperature"))
        if v is None:
-            v = _num(self._temps_vs().get('x.com.samsung.da.current'))
+            v = _num(self._temps_vs().get("x.com.samsung.da.current"))
        return v

    @property
    def target_temperature(self):
-        v = _num(self._rep(TEMP_DESIRED_HREF).get('temperature'))
-        if v is None:
-            v = _num(self._temps_vs().get('x.com.samsung.da.desired'))
-        return v
+        # Read from the same channel writes go to (see async_set_temperature):
+        # OCF /temperature/desired/0 on boards with the full OCF pair, vendor
+        # /temperatures/vs/0 otherwise -- with the other as fallback.
+        ocf = _num(self._rep(TEMP_DESIRED_HREF).get("temperature"))
+        vs = _num(self._temps_vs().get("x.com.samsung.da.desired"))
+        if self._ocf_temp_authoritative():
+            return ocf if ocf is not None else vs
+        return vs if vs is not None else ocf

    def _range(self) -> list | None:
-        r = self._rep(TEMP_DESIRED_HREF).get('range')
+        r = self._rep(TEMP_DESIRED_HREF).get("range")
        if isinstance(r, (list, tuple)) and len(r) == 2:
            return r
        item = self._temps_vs()
-        lo = _num(item.get('x.com.samsung.da.minimum'))
-        hi = _num(item.get('x.com.samsung.da.maximum'))
+        lo = _num(item.get("x.com.samsung.da.minimum"))
+        hi = _num(item.get("x.com.samsung.da.maximum"))
        return [lo, hi] if (lo is not None and hi is not None) else None

    @property
@@ -238,10 +432,12 @@ class LocalThingsClimate(LocalThingsEntity, ClimateEntity):

    @property
    def target_temperature_step(self) -> float:
-        return (_num(self._rep(TEMP_CONTROL_HREF).get('increment'))
-                or _num(self._rep(TEMP_CONTROL_HREF).get('x.com.samsung.da.increment'))
-                or _num(self._temps_vs().get('x.com.samsung.da.increment'))
-                or 1.0)
+        return (
+            _num(self._rep(TEMP_CONTROL_HREF).get("increment"))
+            or _num(self._rep(TEMP_CONTROL_HREF).get("x.com.samsung.da.increment"))
+            or _num(self._temps_vs().get("x.com.samsung.da.increment"))
+            or 1.0
+        )

    # -- hvac mode ----------------------------------------------------------

@@ -250,14 +446,27 @@ class LocalThingsClimate(LocalThingsEntity, ClimateEntity):
        if not self._is_on():
            return HVACMode.OFF
        device = _first(self._rep(MODE_HREF).get(_MODES_FIELD))
+        if device == _AI_COMFORT_MODE:
+            return HVACMode.AUTO
+        if (
+            device is not None
+            and device not in _DEVICE_TO_HVAC
+            and device not in _NON_HVAC_OPTION_CODES
+        ):
+            self._warn_unmapped(MODE_HREF, device)
        return _DEVICE_TO_HVAC.get(device, HVACMode.AUTO)

    @property
    def hvac_modes(self) -> list[HVACMode]:
        modes = [HVACMode.OFF]
        for m in self._supported(MODE_HREF):
+            if m == _AI_COMFORT_MODE or m in _NON_HVAC_OPTION_CODES:
+                continue
            mapped = _DEVICE_TO_HVAC.get(m)
-            if mapped is not None and mapped not in modes:
+            if mapped is None:
+                self._warn_unmapped(MODE_HREF, m)
+                continue
+            if mapped not in modes:
                modes.append(mapped)
        return modes

@@ -265,51 +474,112 @@ class LocalThingsClimate(LocalThingsEntity, ClimateEntity):

    @property
    def fan_mode(self):
-        return self._read_mode(WIND_STRENGTH_HREF, _DEVICE_TO_FAN)
+        airflow = self._legacy_airflow()
+        if airflow:
+            return _DEVICE_TO_FAN.get(str(airflow.get("x.com.samsung.da.speedLevel")))
+        rep = self._rep(WIND_STRENGTH_HREF)
+        code = _first(rep.get(_MODES_FIELD))
+        if code is None:
+            return None
+        return _DEVICE_TO_FAN.get(code) or _wind_strength_label(code, rep)

    @property
    def fan_modes(self) -> list[str]:
-        return self._read_modes(WIND_STRENGTH_HREF, _DEVICE_TO_FAN)
+        if self._legacy_airflow():
+            # This resource carries no supportedModes, so the full scale is offered.
+            return list(_DEVICE_TO_FAN.values())
+        rep = self._rep(WIND_STRENGTH_HREF)
+        modes = []
+        for code in self._supported(WIND_STRENGTH_HREF):
+            mode = _DEVICE_TO_FAN.get(code) or _wind_strength_label(code, rep)
+            if mode not in modes:
+                modes.append(mode)
+        return modes
+
+    def _swing_via_direction(self) -> bool:
+        """True when WIND_DIRECTION_HREF is the swing channel to use --
+        signalled by its presence. Boards without it (issue #126) report
+        the 2-axis oscillation resource instead; see _oscillation_swing."""
+        return bool(self._rep(WIND_DIRECTION_HREF))

    @property
    def swing_mode(self):
-        return self._read_mode(WIND_DIRECTION_HREF, _DEVICE_TO_SWING)
+        airflow = self._legacy_airflow()
+        if airflow:
+            return _DEVICE_TO_SWING.get(airflow.get("x.com.samsung.da.direction"))
+        if self._swing_via_direction():
+            return self._read_mode(WIND_DIRECTION_HREF, _DEVICE_TO_SWING)
+        return _oscillation_swing(self._rep(WIND_OSCILLATION_HREF))

    @property
    def swing_modes(self) -> list[str]:
-        return self._read_modes(WIND_DIRECTION_HREF, _DEVICE_TO_SWING)
+        if self._legacy_airflow():
+            return list(_SWING_TO_DEVICE.keys())
+        if self._swing_via_direction():
+            return self._read_modes(WIND_DIRECTION_HREF, _DEVICE_TO_SWING)
+        if self._rep(WIND_OSCILLATION_HREF):
+            return list(_SWING_TO_DEVICE.keys())
+        return []

    @property
    def preset_mode(self):
-        return self._read_mode(CONVENIENT_HREF, _DEVICE_TO_PRESET)
+        if _first(self._rep(MODE_HREF).get(_MODES_FIELD)) == _AI_COMFORT_MODE:
+            return PRESET_AI_COMFORT
+        code = _first(self._rep(CONVENIENT_HREF).get(_MODES_FIELD))
+        return _preset_to_ha(code) if code is not None else None

    @property
    def preset_modes(self) -> list[str]:
-        return self._read_modes(CONVENIENT_HREF, _DEVICE_TO_PRESET)
+        modes = [_preset_to_ha(c) for c in self._supported(CONVENIENT_HREF)]
+        if _AI_COMFORT_MODE in self._supported(MODE_HREF):
+            modes.append(PRESET_AI_COMFORT)
+        return modes

    # -- writes -------------------------------------------------------------

+    def _device_code_for_hvac(self, hvac_mode: HVACMode):
+        """Device mode code for an HA hvac_mode, chosen from this unit's own
+        supportedModes -- fan-only is 'Wind' on some boards and 'Fan' on
+        others, so the reverse map alone can't pick the code this unit
+        accepts."""
+        for code in self._supported(MODE_HREF):
+            if _DEVICE_TO_HVAC.get(code) == hvac_mode:
+                return code
+        return _HVAC_TO_DEVICE.get(hvac_mode)
+
    async def async_set_temperature(self, **kwargs) -> None:
-        temp = kwargs.get('temperature')
-        if temp is not None:
-            await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ('temperature', temp))
+        # HA's set_temperature service can carry an optional hvac_mode;
+        # honor it (setting the mode also powers the unit on) so a dashboard
+        # "turn on to Auto 24" button doesn't set the setpoint alone.
+        hvac_mode = kwargs.get("hvac_mode")
+        if hvac_mode is not None:
+            await self.async_set_hvac_mode(hvac_mode)
+            if hvac_mode == HVACMode.OFF:
+                return
+        temp = kwargs.get("temperature")
+        if temp is None:
+            return
+        # OCF-pair boards write /temperature/desired/0; vendor boards write
+        # /temperatures/vs/0 (see airconditioner._climate_write).
+        kind = "temperature_ocf" if self._ocf_temp_authoritative() else "temperature"
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, (kind, temp))

    async def async_set_hvac_mode(self, hvac_mode: HVACMode) -> None:
        if hvac_mode == HVACMode.OFF:
-            await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ('power', False))
+            await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("power", False))
            return
-        device = _HVAC_TO_DEVICE.get(hvac_mode)
+        device = self._device_code_for_hvac(hvac_mode)
        if device is None:
            return
        if not self._is_on():
-            await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ('power', True))
-        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ('mode', device))
+            await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("power", True))
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("mode", device))

    async def async_turn_on(self) -> None:
-        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ('power', True))
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("power", True))

    async def async_turn_off(self) -> None:
-        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ('power', False))
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("power", False))

    async def _set_mapped(self, kind: str, mapping: dict, value: str) -> None:
        """Map an HA fan/swing/preset value back to its device code and write it."""
@@ -318,10 +588,51 @@ class LocalThingsClimate(LocalThingsEntity, ClimateEntity):
            await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, (kind, device))

    async def async_set_fan_mode(self, fan_mode: str) -> None:
-        await self._set_mapped('fan', _FAN_TO_DEVICE, fan_mode)
+        if self._legacy_airflow():
+            level = _FAN_TO_DEVICE.get(fan_mode)
+            if level is not None:
+                await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("fan_legacy", level))
+            return
+        supported = self._supported(WIND_STRENGTH_HREF)
+        device = _FAN_TO_DEVICE.get(fan_mode)
+        # A static hit is only trustworthy if this unit's own supportedModes
+        # includes that code -- a board can use non-standard codes (issue
+        # #155) while still spelling a standard label in modesName, so the
+        # static guess could be a plausible code the device never
+        # advertised. Fall through to the live scan when it isn't one of
+        # this unit's own codes.
+        if device is None or (supported and device not in supported):
+            rep = self._rep(WIND_STRENGTH_HREF)
+            for code in supported:
+                if _wind_strength_label(code, rep) == fan_mode:
+                    device = code
+                    break
+        if device is not None:
+            await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("fan", device))

    async def async_set_swing_mode(self, swing_mode: str) -> None:
-        await self._set_mapped('swing', _SWING_TO_DEVICE, swing_mode)
+        if self._legacy_airflow():
+            code = _SWING_TO_DEVICE.get(swing_mode)
+            if code is not None:
+                await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("swing_legacy", code))
+            return
+        if self._swing_via_direction():
+            await self._set_mapped("swing", _SWING_TO_DEVICE, swing_mode)
+            return
+        if self._rep(WIND_OSCILLATION_HREF):
+            await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("oscillation", swing_mode))

    async def async_set_preset_mode(self, preset_mode: str) -> None:
-        await self._set_mapped('preset', _PRESET_TO_DEVICE, preset_mode)
+        if preset_mode == PRESET_AI_COMFORT:
+            # Writes the primary mode resource, not the convenient one --
+            # 'AIComfort' lives in /mode/vs/0 alongside Cool/Dry/Auto, not in
+            # /mode/convenient/vs/0 with Quiet/Smart/Speed/Sleep.
+            await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("mode", _AI_COMFORT_MODE))
+            return
+        # Reverse-resolve against the unit's own supportedModes (codes aren't
+        # a fixed transform of the HA value -- e.g. 'NanoSleep' -> 'nanosleep').
+        for code in self._supported(CONVENIENT_HREF):
+            if _preset_to_ha(code) == preset_mode:
+                kind = "preset_legacy" if self._legacy_preset() else "preset"
+                await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, (kind, code))
+                return
@@ -1,47 +1,96 @@
 DOMAIN = "localthings"

 PLATFORMS = [
-    "sensor", "binary_sensor", "switch", "number", "select", "button",
-    "time", "climate", "fan",
+    "sensor",
+    "binary_sensor",
+    "switch",
+    "number",
+    "select",
+    "button",
+    "time",
+    "climate",
+    "fan",
+    "water_heater",
 ]

-CONF_HOST         = "host"
-CONF_PORT         = "port"
-CONF_CA_CERT_PEM  = "ca_cert_pem"
-CONF_CA_KEY_PEM   = "ca_key_pem"
+CONF_HOST = "host"
+CONF_PORT = "port"
+CONF_CA_CERT_PEM = "ca_cert_pem"
+CONF_CA_KEY_PEM = "ca_key_pem"
 CONF_LEAF_CERT_PEM = "leaf_cert_pem"
-CONF_LEAF_KEY_PEM  = "leaf_key_pem"
+CONF_LEAF_KEY_PEM = "leaf_key_pem"

-# Options-flow key (entry.options, not entry.data): lets a user override the
-# device-wide remote-control-off write block for a specific device (issue
-# #54). Some devices report remote control off yet still accept certain
-# writes (e.g. default detergent/softener dosing on a washer, applied even
-# to the built-in programs) -- the block exists to give a clear error
-# instead of a silent device-side rejection, but that assumption doesn't
-# hold for every model. Defaults to False (block stays on) everywhere it's
-# read, so devices this doesn't apply to see no behavior change.
+# Device identity, resolved once by the config flow's probe and persisted
+# on the entry (issue #236) -- what the coordinator mints registry keys
+# from at __init__ time, before any poll has happened. Without them,
+# anything registering before the first poll (e.g. the connection-mode
+# sensor) got keyed on the IP address permanently.
+#
+# CONF_SERIAL is the resolved serial (registry.identity.resolve_serial's
+# output, the host itself for a placeholder-serial board -- issues
+# #83/#189), so it matches what _run_discovery computes on the first poll.
+CONF_SERIAL = "serial"
+CONF_MODEL = "model"
+CONF_MANUFACTURER = "manufacturer"
+CONF_DEVICE_TYPE = "device_type"
+
+# Options-flow key (entry.options, not entry.data): lets a user override
+# the device-wide remote-control-off write block for a specific device
+# (issue #54). Some devices accept certain writes even while reporting
+# remote control off (e.g. a washer's default detergent dosing), so the
+# blanket-block assumption doesn't hold everywhere. Defaults to False
+# (block stays on).
 CONF_BYPASS_REMOTE_CONTROL = "bypass_remote_control_lock"

-# The DTLS/CoAP local API binds somewhere in this ephemeral range; which port
-# depends on firmware. Newer builds answer on 49154/49155, but older ones have
-# been seen as low as 49153, so we sweep the whole range for a live UDP port
-# before attempting the (expensive) DTLS handshake.
+# Options-flow key: minimum change (in minutes) required before a
+# hysteresis-gated timestamp sensor (currently just finish_time) reports a
+# new value. Devices commonly revise their remaining-time estimate by a
+# minute or two throughout a cycle, and finish_time = now() + remaining
+# drifts with the poll interval between revisions -- both push a fresh
+# state far more often than the estimate is meaningfully different. 0
+# disables the gate.
+CONF_FINISH_TIME_HYSTERESIS_MINUTES = "finish_time_hysteresis_minutes"
+DEFAULT_FINISH_TIME_HYSTERESIS_MINUTES = 3
+
+# The DTLS/CoAP local API binds somewhere in this ephemeral range,
+# depending on firmware (newer builds answer on 49154/49155, older ones as
+# low as 49153) -- swept for a live UDP port before the expensive DTLS
+# handshake.
 PROBE_PORT_RANGE = list(range(49152, 49161))

-# Ports we've historically seen complete a DTLS handshake. When more than one
-# port in the range looks live, these are tried first.
+# Ports we've historically seen complete a DTLS handshake; tried first when
+# more than one port in the range looks live.
 PREFERRED_PROBE_PORTS = [49154, 49155]

 # Per-port timeout for the cheap UDP liveness sweep. Closed ports return an
 # ICMP port-unreachable almost immediately; a live-but-silent port is only
-# detected by this timeout elapsing, so keep it short.
+# detected by this timeout elapsing, so keep it short. Only reached as the
+# fallback for when the ClientHello probe below confirms nothing.
 LIVENESS_PROBE_TIMEOUT_S = 1.5

-# Deadline for the blockwise /device/0 GET during the config-flow probe. The
-# slowest device observed returns a full dump in ~8s, so 10s leaves headroom
-# without stalling setup; it matches the per-resource read timeout elsewhere.
+# Per-port budget for the DTLS ClientHello probe (smartthings-local >=
+# 0.1.2), the primary port-detection gate. A real server answers with a
+# HelloVerifyRequest in ~1 RTT; the budget only bounds how long a silent
+# port takes to give up. 3s covers two retransmits on a slow LAN.
+CLIENTHELLO_PROBE_TIMEOUT_S = 3.0
+CLIENTHELLO_PROBE_RETRIES = 2
+
+# The whole port range is probed at once: each stateless probe is bounded
+# by CLIENTHELLO_PROBE_TIMEOUT_S (unlike a full handshake's 12s), so the
+# sweep costs one probe's wall clock, not the sum of the range. Capped so a
+# widened PROBE_PORT_RANGE can't spawn an unbounded thread pool.
+PROBE_MAX_WORKERS = 12
+
+# Deadline for the blockwise /device/0 GET during the config-flow probe.
+# The slowest device observed returns a full dump in ~8s.
 PROBE_GET_TIMEOUT_S = 10.0

+# Base for the local (client-side) DTLS source port, distinct from the
+# destination probe ports above -- see coordinator._local_source_port for
+# why a fixed per-device source port matters. Mirrors the upstream
+# smartthings-local reference bridge. Requires smartthings-local >= 0.1.1.
+DTLS_LOCAL_PORT_BASE = 49700
+
 SUMMARY_INTERVAL_S = 30.0

 DEVICE_SUPPORT_ISSUE_URL = (
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ device > the menu > Download diagnostics. This is what the Repairs issue
 users at: a redacted snapshot of the device's raw /device/0 state, plus
 enough version/coverage metadata to reproduce and diagnose the gap.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations

 from importlib.metadata import version as pkg_version
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ from homeassistant.loader import async_get_integration
 from .const import DOMAIN
 from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
 from .registry.redact import redact_resources
+from .registry.subdevices import MAIN


 async def async_get_config_entry_diagnostics(
@@ -31,11 +33,101 @@ async def async_get_config_entry_diagnostics(
    # detector when called inline here. Offload it to the executor.
    stl_version = await hass.async_add_executor_job(pkg_version, "smartthings-local")

+    # /oic/p, /oic/d, and /oic/res sit outside the /device/0 batch captured
+    # below, so they'd otherwise never reach an issue report. /oic/d's `rt`
+    # is OCF's device-type declaration; /oic/res is OCF's discovery
+    # endpoint, relevant to the "Composite Device" model (issue #177). See
+    # registry/identity.py.
+    identity = coordinator._identity
+
+    def _seed_diag(su) -> dict:
+        # A flat-mode subdevice (issue #205: no working /<uuid>/device/0
+        # Collection, state comes from individually-polled hrefs instead)
+        # has no meaningful seed_path; report flat_hrefs in its place.
+        return {
+            "seed_path": ("/" + "/".join(su.seed_path)) if su.seed_path else None,
+            "flat_hrefs": list(su.flat_hrefs),
+        }
+
+    def _subdevice_diag(su) -> dict:
+        # `model` reads modelNum off the already-redacted `resources` rather
+        # than redacting /information/vs/0 again -- modelNum never matches
+        # redact.py's substring rules, so the value is the same either way.
+        matching = [b for b in coordinator.bound if b.subdevice == su]
+        res = redact_resources(coordinator.canonical_resources(su))
+        return {
+            "kind": su.kind,
+            "key": su.key,
+            **_seed_diag(su),
+            "bound_entity_count": len(matching),
+            "hrefs": sorted({b.href for b in matching}),
+            "model": res.get("/information/vs/0", {}).get("x.com.samsung.da.modelNum", ""),
+            # Keyed by this subdevice's canonical hrefs ('/mode/vs/0'), not
+            # the real ones it answers on ('/mode/vs/1', '/<uuid>/mode/vs/0')
+            # -- the form the registry is written against, so a sibling's
+            # block reads exactly like the master's `resources` below.
+            "resources": res,
+        }
+
    return {
        "device_type": coordinator.device_type_name or "unknown",
        "one_ui_version": coordinator.one_ui_version,
+        "identity": {
+            "manufacturer": identity.manufacturer,
+            "model": identity.model,
+            "device_types": list(identity.device_types),
+            "resources": redact_resources(identity.raw),
+        }
+        if identity is not None
+        else None,
        "unbound_hrefs": sorted(coordinator._unbound_hrefs),
-        "resources": redact_resources(coordinator.last_resources),
+        # This subdevice's own resources, and only this subdevice's. On a
+        # composite device (issue #177) `last_resources` is the union
+        # across every live subdevice keyed by real hrefs, so reporting it
+        # raw here would mix a sibling's /mode/vs/1 with the master's
+        # /mode/vs/0 under no attribution. Each sibling reports its own
+        # resources in `subdevices` below instead. For a device with no
+        # subdevices, this is byte-identical to `last_resources`.
+        "resources": redact_resources(coordinator.canonical_resources(MAIN)),
+        # Sibling indoor subdevices discovered on this connection (issue
+        # #177). subdeviceIdList (the UUID a prefixed subdevice's key comes
+        # from) is deliberately NOT redacted here, unlike elsewhere in
+        # `resources` -- it's an appliance-internal pairing id, not account
+        # data, and reporting it is what makes this block actionable.
+        "subdevices": [_subdevice_diag(su) for su in coordinator.subdevices],
+        # Candidates that answered their seed but that discover_partitioned's
+        # liveness gate rejected -- an unused SmartThings slot, not a real
+        # second subdevice. Reported alongside subdevices above so a report
+        # shows what was found and why it didn't become an entity.
+        "subdevices_skipped": [
+            {
+                "kind": skip.subdevice.kind,
+                "key": skip.subdevice.key,
+                **_seed_diag(skip.subdevice),
+                "hrefs": list(skip.hrefs),
+                # The reps the liveness gate actually judged -- the one
+                # thing a reader needs to second-guess a skip, and they
+                # exist nowhere else in this dump: a rejected candidate is
+                # never polled again or entered into the state cache.
+                "resources": redact_resources(
+                    {
+                        canon: rep
+                        for href, rep in coordinator._skipped_subdevice_resources.items()
+                        if (canon := skip.subdevice.to_canonical(href)) is not None
+                    }
+                ),
+            }
+            for skip in coordinator._skipped_subdevices
+        ],
+        # What each enumeration probe returned ({} vs a batch), keyed by the
+        # seed href attempted -- lets a report distinguish "checked, nothing
+        # there" from "never checked".
+        "subdevice_probes": dict(sorted(coordinator._subdevice_probes.items())),
+        # /multidevice/vs/0's rep ({} when the board doesn't answer it).
+        # Reported on its own, not inside `resources`, since it's metadata
+        # about the connection rather than one subdevice's state, and
+        # nothing polls it after discovery so it would go stale in there.
+        "multidevice": redact_resources(coordinator._multidevice),
        "integration_version": integration.version,
        "smartthings_local_version": stl_version,
        "observe_mode": coordinator.observe_mode,
@@ -1,52 +1,80 @@
 """Base entity for Local Things."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations

 import re

-from homeassistant.helpers.update_coordinator import CoordinatorEntity
-from homeassistant.helpers.device_registry import DeviceInfo
 from homeassistant.const import EntityCategory
-
-from .registry.adapter import _key
-from .registry.discovery import BoundEntity, _snake_to_title
+from homeassistant.helpers.device_registry import DeviceInfo
+from homeassistant.helpers.update_coordinator import CoordinatorEntity

 from .const import DOMAIN
 from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
+from .registry.adapter import _key
+from .registry.batch import is_stub_rep
+from .registry.discovery import BoundEntity, _snake_to_title


-def _is_included(bound: BoundEntity, coordinator: 'LocalThingsCoordinator') -> bool:
+def _is_included(bound: BoundEntity, coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator) -> bool:
    """Return False if the entity should not be registered for this device.

-    Explicit exists_fn takes priority. Otherwise, if the entity has a field,
-    require that field to be present in the resource rep so that optional
-    fields on shared resources don't create phantom entities.
+    Explicit exists_fn takes priority. Otherwise, if the entity has a
+    field, require that field to be present in the resource rep so that
+    optional fields on shared resources don't create phantom entities.

-    An empty rep ({}) means /device/0 returned a stub for this resource —
-    the resource exists on the device but data hasn't been fetched yet.
-    In that case we include the entity so it can be populated by sub-polls.
+    A stub rep (is_stub_rep) is included anyway so it can be populated by
+    sub-polls. A genuinely empty {} rep is included too by this default
+    gate: whether empty means "not populated yet" or "permanently
+    unsupported" needs per-field domain knowledge this generic gate
+    doesn't have (e.g. /alarms/vs/0's {} is fridge.py's documented normal
+    no-alarm state, not an absence signal). Only a capability whose author
+    has verified a field is genuinely never populated opts into stricter
+    gating with its own exists_fn (see common.ENERGY_METER, issue #127).
+
+    `bound.href` is already the actual href (issue #177); `exists_fn` gets
+    `bound`'s own subdevice's canonical view instead of the raw snapshot,
+    same rule as everywhere else a whole-resources-dict scan happens --
+    this is a free function, so it can't use self._resources.
    """
    rep = coordinator.last_resources.get(bound.href)
    if rep is None:
        return False
    if bound.desc.exists_fn is not None:
-        return bound.desc.exists_fn(rep, coordinator.last_resources)
+        return bound.desc.exists_fn(rep, coordinator.canonical_resources(bound.subdevice))
    if bound.desc.field:
-        if not rep:  # stub — resource known to exist, data not yet fetched
+        if not rep or is_stub_rep(rep):
            return True
        return bound.desc.field in rep
    return True  # rep_fn or no-field entities (ButtonDesc) are always included


 def _derive_name(state_key: str) -> str:
-    """Turn a snake_case state key into a title-cased display name.
+    """Turn a snake_case state key into a title-cased label.

    Strips a trailing instance number of 0 (singleton), promotes any other
    instance number with a space: "door_cooler_open1" → "Door Cooler Open 1".
+
+    Entity names themselves come from the translation catalog; this only
+    builds the {instance_name} placeholder those translations interpolate,
+    for a device that named its own compartments/ice makers.
    """
-    name = re.sub(r'(\d+)$', lambda m: f' {m.group()}' if int(m.group()) > 0 else '', state_key)
+    name = re.sub(r"(\d+)$", lambda m: f" {m.group()}" if int(m.group()) > 0 else "", state_key)
    return _snake_to_title(name).strip()


+def _instance_display_name(bound: BoundEntity, state_key: str) -> str:
+    """Return the stable vendor/href instance label used in a name placeholder."""
+    if bound.instance_name:
+        return bound.instance_name
+    source = bound.key_override or state_key
+    suffix = f"_{bound.desc.key}"
+    if source.endswith(suffix):
+        source = source[: -len(suffix)]
+    elif bound.instance and source.endswith(bound.instance):
+        source = source[: -len(bound.instance)] + bound.instance.replace("_", " ")
+    return _derive_name(source)
+
+
 class LocalThingsEntity(CoordinatorEntity[LocalThingsCoordinator]):
    """Base class for all Local Things entities."""

@@ -57,15 +85,17 @@ class LocalThingsEntity(CoordinatorEntity[LocalThingsCoordinator]):
        self._bound = bound
        self._state_key = _key(bound)
        self._attr_unique_id = f"{DOMAIN}_{coordinator.device_serial}_{self._state_key}"
-        if bound.desc.name is not None:
-            self._attr_name = bound.desc.name
-        elif bound.instance_name:
-            # A device-given instance name (e.g. an ice maker's "Cubed
-            # Ice") takes the place of the href-derived instance label,
-            # keeping the same entity-specific suffix (issue #27).
-            self._attr_name = f"{bound.instance_name} {_derive_name(bound.desc.key)}".strip()
-        else:
-            self._attr_name = _derive_name(self._state_key)
+        if bound.desc.translation_placeholders is not None:
+            self._attr_translation_placeholders = dict(bound.desc.translation_placeholders)
+        elif bound.desc.use_instance_name:
+            self._attr_translation_placeholders = {
+                "instance_name": _instance_display_name(bound, self._state_key)
+            }
+
+        # _attr_name is deliberately left unset: HA gives an explicitly-set
+        # name precedence over the translation catalog, so setting it here
+        # would make every entity untranslatable. A platform that wants the
+        # bare device name sets _attr_name = None itself (see fan.py).
        self._attr_icon = bound.desc.icon
        raw_cat = bound.desc.entity_category
        self._attr_entity_category = EntityCategory(raw_cat) if raw_cat else None
@@ -73,23 +103,31 @@ class LocalThingsEntity(CoordinatorEntity[LocalThingsCoordinator]):

    @property
    def translation_key(self) -> str | None:
-        """Override Entity.translation_key (a property upstream, not a
-        plain attribute) so a callable descriptor -- e.g.
-        laundry.cycle_select's table-id-gated resolver -- is re-evaluated
-        against live coordinator data on every access, not resolved once
-        at construction time.
+        """The descriptor's catalog key, defaulting to its own `key`.

-        Discovery runs on the first /device/0 poll, which the entity
-        registry already documents can hand a sibling resource an empty
-        stub rep before it's actually been fetched (see _is_included's
-        docstring) -- a static one-time resolution here would risk baking
-        in a permanent None (no translation) for the entity's whole
-        lifetime if that stub hadn't populated yet, even once the real
-        value arrives on a later poll.
+        Overrides Entity.translation_key so a callable descriptor (e.g.
+        laundry.cycle_select's table-id-gated resolver) is re-evaluated
+        against live coordinator data on every access, not resolved once
+        at construction time -- a static resolution would risk baking in
+        a permanent None if the first poll handed a sibling an empty stub
+        rep (see _is_included's docstring) before it populated.
        """
        tk = self._bound.desc.translation_key
-        return tk(self.coordinator.last_resources) if callable(tk) else tk
+        if callable(tk):
+            return tk(self._resources)
+        return tk if tk is not None else self._bound.desc.key
+
+    @property
+    def _resources(self) -> dict:
+        """This entity's own subdevice's canonical resources view (issue
+        #177) -- see coordinator.canonical_resources. Any platform property
+        needing the whole resources dict, not one href via
+        `coordinator.resource(href)`, must read through this instead of
+        `coordinator.last_resources`, or a sibling subdevice's own hrefs
+        could leak into this entity's view. For MAIN this is exactly
+        `coordinator.last_resources`."""
+        return self.coordinator.canonical_resources(self._bound.subdevice)

    @property
    def device_info(self) -> DeviceInfo:
-        return self.coordinator.device_info
+        return self.coordinator.device_info_for(self._bound.subdevice)
@@ -1,7 +1,22 @@
-"""Fan platform for Samsung range hoods."""
+"""Fan platform for Samsung range hoods and air purifiers.
+
+Four FanDesc-bound hrefs exist, dispatched by href in async_setup_entry
+below since each needs different HA fan semantics: the range hood's fan
+speed and the older ARTIK051_TVTL air-purifier family's Auto/Sleep/Low/
+Medium/High (issue #56) are both an ordered set of numeric levels
+(SET_SPEED), confirmed monotonic in capabilities/air_purifier.py's module
+docstring, with no named-mode list since this board never self-reports one.
+The TP1X air-purifier family's modes (Smart/Max/Mid/WindFree/Sleep, issue
+#130) and the A-VTWW-TP2-21 family's /wind/strength/vs/0 modes (issue #151)
+are both named behaviors with no linear order (PRESET_MODE) --
+LocalThingsAirPurifierFan handles both hrefs, the only difference being
+whether the label comes from supportedModes or a parallel modesName array
+(see _label_for_code)."""

 from __future__ import annotations

+import logging
+
 from homeassistant.components.fan import FanEntity, FanEntityFeature
 from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry
 from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
@@ -14,13 +29,26 @@ from homeassistant.util.percentage import (
 from .const import DOMAIN
 from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
 from .entity import LocalThingsEntity, _is_included
+from .registry.capabilities.air_purifier import HREF_AIRFLOW
+from .registry.capabilities.air_purifier import HREF_MODE as AIR_PURIFIER_FAN_HREF
+from .registry.capabilities.air_purifier import (
+    HREF_WIND_STRENGTH as AIR_PURIFIER_WIND_STRENGTH_HREF,
+)
 from .registry.entities import FanDesc

+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)

-POWER_HREF = '/power/0'
-POWER_VS_HREF = '/power/vs/0'
-_FAN_SPEED_FIELD = 'x.com.samsung.da.hood.fanSpeed'
-_SUPPORTED_FAN_SPEED_FIELD = 'x.com.samsung.da.hood.supportedFanSpeed'
+POWER_HREF = "/power/0"
+POWER_VS_HREF = "/power/vs/0"
+_FAN_SPEED_FIELD = "x.com.samsung.da.hood.fanSpeed"
+_SUPPORTED_FAN_SPEED_FIELD = "x.com.samsung.da.hood.supportedFanSpeed"
+_MIN_FAN_SPEED_FIELD = "x.com.samsung.da.hood.settableMinFanSpeed"
+_MAX_FAN_SPEED_FIELD = "x.com.samsung.da.hood.settableMaxFanSpeed"
+_OFF_SPEED_CODE = "0"
+
+_MODES_FIELD = "x.com.samsung.da.modes"
+_SUPPORTED_MODES_FIELD = "x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes"
+_MODES_NAME_FIELD = "x.com.samsung.da.modesName"


 async def async_setup_entry(
@@ -29,22 +57,42 @@ async def async_setup_entry(
    async_add_entities: AddEntitiesCallback,
 ) -> None:
    coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator = hass.data[DOMAIN][entry.entry_id]
-    async_add_entities(
-        LocalThingsRangeHoodFan(coordinator, bound)
-        for bound in coordinator.bound
-        if isinstance(bound.desc, FanDesc) and _is_included(bound, coordinator)
-    )
+    entities = []
+    for bound in coordinator.bound:
+        if not (isinstance(bound.desc, FanDesc) and _is_included(bound, coordinator)):
+            continue
+        if bound.href in (AIR_PURIFIER_FAN_HREF, AIR_PURIFIER_WIND_STRENGTH_HREF):
+            entities.append(LocalThingsAirPurifierFan(coordinator, bound))
+        elif bound.href == HREF_AIRFLOW:
+            entities.append(LocalThingsAirflowFan(coordinator, bound))
+        else:
+            entities.append(LocalThingsRangeHoodFan(coordinator, bound))
+    async_add_entities(entities)


 class LocalThingsRangeHoodFan(LocalThingsEntity, FanEntity):
-    """A hood fan combining sibling power and fan-speed resources."""
+    """A hood fan combining sibling power and fan-speed resources.
+
+    Some boards that reuse this capability (built-in microwave vent fans,
+    issues #137/#142) report no sibling `/power/0` or `/power/vs/0`
+    resource at all -- fan speed 0 is itself the off state there.
+    `_speed_zero_is_off` detects that shape and switches every method
+    below to drive off/on purely through the fanSpeed field.
+
+    Deliberately not the same question as `_has_separate_power`, which
+    only proves some power resource exists on the device -- on a combi
+    appliance that resource can belong to the cavity, not the vent fan,
+    and toggling it from here would turn off the whole appliance.
+    """

    _enable_turn_on_off_backwards_compatibility = False
-    _attr_supported_features = (
-        FanEntityFeature.SET_SPEED
-        | FanEntityFeature.TURN_ON
-        | FanEntityFeature.TURN_OFF
-    )
+
+    @property
+    def supported_features(self) -> FanEntityFeature:
+        features = FanEntityFeature.TURN_ON | FanEntityFeature.TURN_OFF
+        if self.speed_count > 0:
+            features |= FanEntityFeature.SET_SPEED
+        return features

    def __init__(self, coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator, bound) -> None:
        super().__init__(coordinator, bound)
@@ -53,30 +101,59 @@ class LocalThingsRangeHoodFan(LocalThingsEntity, FanEntity):
    def _rep(self, href: str) -> dict:
        return self.coordinator.resource(href) or {}

+    def _has_separate_power(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._rep(POWER_HREF)) or bool(self._rep(POWER_VS_HREF))
+
+    def _speed_zero_is_off(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether fan speed '0' is itself this hood's off step, with no
+        separate power resource to toggle -- settableMinFanSpeed '0', or
+        '0' inside supportedFanSpeed. False for the standalone hood, whose
+        codes start at 14 and which carries a real /power resource."""
+        rep = self._rep(self._bound.href)
+        return (
+            str(rep.get(_MIN_FAN_SPEED_FIELD, "")) == _OFF_SPEED_CODE
+            or _OFF_SPEED_CODE in self._all_speed_codes()
+        )
+
    def _all_speed_codes(self) -> list[str]:
        rep = self._rep(self._bound.href)
-        return [str(value) for value in rep.get(_SUPPORTED_FAN_SPEED_FIELD, ())]
+        supported = rep.get(_SUPPORTED_FAN_SPEED_FIELD)
+        if supported:
+            return [str(value) for value in supported]
+        min_s = rep.get(_MIN_FAN_SPEED_FIELD)
+        max_s = rep.get(_MAX_FAN_SPEED_FIELD)
+        if min_s is not None and max_s is not None:
+            try:
+                mn, mx = int(min_s), int(max_s)
+                return [str(i) for i in range(mn, mx + 1)]
+            except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                pass
+        return []

    def _active_speed_codes(self) -> list[str]:
-        # Power is carried by the separate /power resource.  fanSpeed retains
-        # the selected setting while power is off (as the lamp's `current`
-        # field does), so every advertised code is an active ordered speed.
-        return self._all_speed_codes()
+        codes = self._all_speed_codes()
+        if self._speed_zero_is_off():
+            return [code for code in codes if code != _OFF_SPEED_CODE]
+        # Power is carried by the separate /power resource; fanSpeed
+        # retains the selected setting while power is off, so every
+        # advertised code is an active ordered speed.
+        return codes

    def _power_payload(self, enabled: bool) -> tuple[str, bool, str]:
        """Target whichever power resource this hood actually exposes."""
-        resources = self.coordinator.last_resources
+        resources = self._resources
        target = POWER_HREF if POWER_HREF in resources else POWER_VS_HREF
-        return 'power', enabled, target
+        return "power", enabled, target

    @property
    def is_on(self) -> bool:
+        if self._speed_zero_is_off():
+            current = str(self._rep(self._bound.href).get(_FAN_SPEED_FIELD, "0"))
+            return current not in ("", _OFF_SPEED_CODE)
        rep = self._rep(POWER_HREF)
-        if 'value' in rep:
-            return bool(rep.get('value'))
-        return str(
-            self._rep(POWER_VS_HREF).get('x.com.samsung.da.power', '')
-        ).lower() == 'on'
+        if "value" in rep:
+            return bool(rep.get("value"))
+        return str(self._rep(POWER_VS_HREF).get("x.com.samsung.da.power", "")).lower() == "on"

    @property
    def speed_count(self) -> int:
@@ -87,24 +164,43 @@ class LocalThingsRangeHoodFan(LocalThingsEntity, FanEntity):
        if not self.is_on:
            return 0
        codes = self._active_speed_codes()
-        current = str(self._rep(self._bound.href).get(_FAN_SPEED_FIELD, ''))
+        current = str(self._rep(self._bound.href).get(_FAN_SPEED_FIELD, ""))
        if not codes or current not in codes:
            return None
        return ordered_list_item_to_percentage(codes, current)

    async def async_turn_on(
-        self, percentage: int | None = None, preset_mode: str | None = None,
+        self,
+        percentage: int | None = None,
+        preset_mode: str | None = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
+        if self._speed_zero_is_off():
+            if percentage is not None:
+                await self.async_set_percentage(percentage)
+                return
+            if self.is_on:
+                # Already running: no percentage given means "just turn on",
+                # not "reset to the lowest speed".
+                return
+            codes = self._active_speed_codes()
+            if codes:
+                await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("speed", codes[0]))
+            return
        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(
-            self._bound, self._power_payload(True),
+            self._bound,
+            self._power_payload(True),
        )
        if percentage is not None:
            await self.async_set_percentage(percentage)

    async def async_turn_off(self, **kwargs) -> None:
+        if self._speed_zero_is_off():
+            await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("speed", _OFF_SPEED_CODE))
+            return
        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(
-            self._bound, self._power_payload(False),
+            self._bound,
+            self._power_payload(False),
        )

    async def async_set_percentage(self, percentage: int) -> None:
@@ -114,9 +210,182 @@ class LocalThingsRangeHoodFan(LocalThingsEntity, FanEntity):
        codes = self._active_speed_codes()
        if not codes:
            return
-        if not self.is_on:
+        if not self._speed_zero_is_off() and not self.is_on:
            await self.coordinator.async_send_command(
-                self._bound, self._power_payload(True),
+                self._bound,
+                self._power_payload(True),
            )
        code = percentage_to_ordered_list_item(codes, percentage)
-        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ('speed', code))
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("speed", code))
+
+
+class LocalThingsAirPurifierFan(LocalThingsEntity, FanEntity):
+    """Air-purifier fan: named preset modes, not an ordered percentage --
+    see air_purifier.FAN's comment for why (Smart/WindFree/Sleep aren't
+    "faster/slower" than Max/Mid)."""
+
+    _enable_turn_on_off_backwards_compatibility = False
+    _attr_supported_features = (
+        FanEntityFeature.PRESET_MODE | FanEntityFeature.TURN_ON | FanEntityFeature.TURN_OFF
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator, bound) -> None:
+        super().__init__(coordinator, bound)
+        self._attr_name = None
+
+    def _rep(self, href: str) -> dict:
+        return self.coordinator.resource(href) or {}
+
+    def _mode_rep(self) -> dict:
+        return self._rep(self._bound.href)
+
+    def _power_payload(self, enabled: bool) -> tuple[str, bool, str]:
+        """Target whichever power resource this unit actually exposes --
+        same pattern as LocalThingsRangeHoodFan._power_payload above.
+        Writing a hardcoded href here would silently no-op on a board that
+        only reports the other one, even though is_on already falls back
+        correctly."""
+        resources = self._resources
+        target = POWER_VS_HREF if POWER_VS_HREF in resources else POWER_HREF
+        return "power", enabled, target
+
+    @property
+    def is_on(self) -> bool:
+        power = self._rep(POWER_VS_HREF).get("x.com.samsung.da.power")
+        if power is not None:
+            return str(power).lower() == "on"
+        return bool(self._rep(POWER_HREF).get("value"))
+
+    def _label_for_code(self, code) -> str:
+        """Lowercased HA preset label for a device mode code.
+
+        The TP1X_DA-AC-AIR board (issue #130) reports named modes directly
+        as supportedModes, so the code IS the label. The A-VTWW-TP2-21
+        board (issue #151) instead reports numeric wind-strength codes with
+        a separate modesName array giving the real names -- same shape as
+        climate.py's _wind_strength_label, and coincidentally the same word
+        set, so both generations land on identical HA preset values."""
+        rep = self._mode_rep()
+        supported = list(rep.get(_SUPPORTED_MODES_FIELD, ()))
+        names = rep.get(_MODES_NAME_FIELD)
+        if names and code in supported and len(names) == len(supported):
+            return str(names[supported.index(code)]).lower()
+        return str(code).lower()
+
+    @property
+    def preset_modes(self) -> list[str]:
+        return [
+            self._label_for_code(code) for code in self._mode_rep().get(_SUPPORTED_MODES_FIELD, ())
+        ]
+
+    @property
+    def preset_mode(self) -> str | None:
+        modes = self._mode_rep().get(_MODES_FIELD)
+        code = modes[0] if isinstance(modes, (list, tuple)) and modes else modes
+        return self._label_for_code(code) if code is not None else None
+
+    async def async_turn_on(
+        self,
+        percentage: int | None = None,
+        preset_mode: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, self._power_payload(True))
+        if preset_mode is not None:
+            await self.async_set_preset_mode(preset_mode)
+
+    async def async_turn_off(self, **kwargs) -> None:
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, self._power_payload(False))
+
+    async def async_set_preset_mode(self, preset_mode: str) -> None:
+        # Reverse-resolve against the unit's own supportedModes -- the
+        # write needs the raw device code (e.g. 'WindFree', or '90' on the
+        # modesName-labelled board), not the lowercased HA value.
+        for code in self._mode_rep().get(_SUPPORTED_MODES_FIELD, ()):
+            if self._label_for_code(code) == preset_mode:
+                await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("mode", code))
+                return
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "%s: %r is not a valid preset mode (supported: %s)",
+            self.entity_id,
+            preset_mode,
+            self.preset_modes,
+        )
+
+
+_AIRFLOW_SPEED_FIELD = "speed"
+# Raw `speed` codes, low-to-high -- confirmed monotonic (Auto=0, Sleep=1,
+# Low=2, Medium=3, High=4) via air_purifier.py's module docstring. Treated
+# as plain ordered strings, same as the range hood's numeric levels.
+_AIRFLOW_SPEED_CODES = ["0", "1", "2", "3", "4"]
+
+
+class LocalThingsAirflowFan(LocalThingsEntity, FanEntity):
+    """ARTIK051_TVTL-class air purifier fan (issue #56): an ordered numeric
+    speed range, same SET_SPEED shape as LocalThingsRangeHoodFan above."""
+
+    _enable_turn_on_off_backwards_compatibility = False
+    _attr_supported_features = (
+        FanEntityFeature.SET_SPEED | FanEntityFeature.TURN_ON | FanEntityFeature.TURN_OFF
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator, bound) -> None:
+        super().__init__(coordinator, bound)
+        self._attr_name = None
+
+    def _rep(self, href: str) -> dict:
+        return self.coordinator.resource(href) or {}
+
+    def _power_payload(self, enabled: bool) -> tuple[str, bool, str]:
+        """Prefer /power/0 like LocalThingsRangeHoodFan above, NOT
+        LocalThingsAirPurifierFan's vs/0-first order -- that order is only
+        harmless for the TP1X board because it never reports /power/0.
+        This family's dumps carry both hrefs, and common.POWER_GENERIC is
+        unconditionally bound to /power/0 when present, so writing to
+        /power/vs/0 first would leave power_switch and this fan
+        disagreeing until the next poll."""
+        resources = self._resources
+        target = POWER_HREF if POWER_HREF in resources else POWER_VS_HREF
+        return "power", enabled, target
+
+    @property
+    def is_on(self) -> bool:
+        power = self._rep(POWER_HREF)
+        if "value" in power:
+            return bool(power.get("value"))
+        return str(self._rep(POWER_VS_HREF).get("x.com.samsung.da.power", "")).lower() == "on"
+
+    @property
+    def speed_count(self) -> int:
+        return len(_AIRFLOW_SPEED_CODES)
+
+    @property
+    def percentage(self) -> int | None:
+        if not self.is_on:
+            return 0
+        current = str(self._rep(self._bound.href).get(_AIRFLOW_SPEED_FIELD, ""))
+        if current not in _AIRFLOW_SPEED_CODES:
+            return None
+        return ordered_list_item_to_percentage(_AIRFLOW_SPEED_CODES, current)
+
+    async def async_turn_on(
+        self,
+        percentage: int | None = None,
+        preset_mode: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, self._power_payload(True))
+        if percentage is not None:
+            await self.async_set_percentage(percentage)
+
+    async def async_turn_off(self, **kwargs) -> None:
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, self._power_payload(False))
+
+    async def async_set_percentage(self, percentage: int) -> None:
+        if percentage <= 0:
+            await self.async_turn_off()
+            return
+        if not self.is_on:
+            await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, self._power_payload(True))
+        code = percentage_to_ordered_list_item(_AIRFLOW_SPEED_CODES, percentage)
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("speed", int(code)))
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+{
+  "entity": {
+    "climate": {
+      "airconditioner": {
+        "state_attributes": {
+          "fan_mode": {
+            "state": {
+              "1": "mdi:fan-speed-1",
+              "2": "mdi:fan-speed-1",
+              "3": "mdi:fan-speed-2",
+              "4": "mdi:fan-speed-3",
+              "5": "mdi:fan-speed-3",
+              "turbo": "mdi:fan-speed-3",
+              "max": "mdi:fan-speed-3"
+            }
+          },
+          "preset_mode": {
+            "state": {
+              "ai_comfort": "mdi:creation",
+              "quiet": "mdi:volume-off",
+              "smart": "mdi:brain",
+              "speed": "mdi:speedometer",
+              "nano": "mdi:weather-dust",
+              "nanosleep": "mdi:sleep",
+              "longwind": "mdi:weather-windy",
+              "motiondirect": "mdi:account-arrow-left",
+              "motionindirect": "mdi:account-arrow-right",
+              "drycomfort": "mdi:water-percent",
+              "2step": "mdi:stairs"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "fan": {
+      "air_purifier_fan": {
+        "state_attributes": {
+          "preset_mode": {
+            "state": {
+              "smart": "mdi:brain",
+              "max": "mdi:fan-speed-3",
+              "mid": "mdi:fan-speed-2",
+              "windfree": "mdi:weather-dust",
+              "sleep": "mdi:sleep"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "sensor": {
+      "machine_state": {
+        "state": {
+          "idle": "mdi:power-standby",
+          "active": "mdi:play",
+          "pause": "mdi:pause"
+        }
+      },
+      "connection_mode": {
+        "state": {
+          "observe": "mdi:broadcast",
+          "poll": "mdi:sync"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  "requirements": [
    "cbor2>=5.4.6",
    "pyOpenSSL>=23.0",
-    "smartthings-local>=0.1.0"
+    "smartthings-local>=0.1.2"
  ],
-  "version": "0.11.1"
+  "version": "0.19.0"
 }
@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
 """Number platform for Local Things."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations

-from homeassistant.components.number import NumberEntity, NumberMode
+from typing import cast
+
+from homeassistant.components.number import NumberDeviceClass, NumberEntity, NumberMode
 from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry
 from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
 from homeassistant.helpers.entity_platform import AddEntitiesCallback

-from .registry.entities import NumberDesc
-
 from .const import DOMAIN
 from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
 from .entity import LocalThingsEntity, _is_included
+from .registry.entities import NumberDesc


 async def async_setup_entry(
@@ -27,14 +29,15 @@ async def async_setup_entry(


 class LocalThingsNumber(LocalThingsEntity, NumberEntity):
-
    _attr_mode = NumberMode.SLIDER

    def __init__(self, coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator, bound) -> None:
        super().__init__(coordinator, bound)
-        desc: NumberDesc = bound.desc
+        desc = cast(NumberDesc, bound.desc)
        self._attr_native_unit_of_measurement = desc.unit
-        self._attr_device_class = desc.device_class
+        self._attr_device_class = (
+            NumberDeviceClass(desc.device_class) if desc.device_class else None
+        )
        if desc.native_min is not None:
            self._attr_native_min_value = desc.native_min
        if desc.native_max is not None:
@@ -44,13 +47,13 @@ class LocalThingsNumber(LocalThingsEntity, NumberEntity):

    @property
    def native_unit_of_measurement(self):
-        desc: NumberDesc = self._bound.desc
+        desc = cast(NumberDesc, self._bound.desc)
        if desc.unit_fn is not None:
            return desc.unit_fn(self.coordinator.resource(self._bound.href))
        return self._attr_native_unit_of_measurement

    def _range_from_resource(self) -> list | None:
-        desc: NumberDesc = self._bound.desc
+        desc = cast(NumberDesc, self._bound.desc)
        if not desc.range_field:
            return None
        r = self.coordinator.resource(self._bound.href).get(desc.range_field)
@@ -58,34 +61,34 @@ class LocalThingsNumber(LocalThingsEntity, NumberEntity):

    @property
    def native_min_value(self) -> float:
-        desc: NumberDesc = self._bound.desc
+        desc = cast(NumberDesc, self._bound.desc)
        if desc.native_min_fn is not None:
            return desc.native_min_fn(self.coordinator.resource(self._bound.href))
        r = self._range_from_resource()
        if r is not None:
            return float(r[0])
-        if hasattr(self, '_attr_native_min_value'):
+        if hasattr(self, "_attr_native_min_value"):
            return self._attr_native_min_value
        return super().native_min_value

    @property
    def native_max_value(self) -> float:
-        desc: NumberDesc = self._bound.desc
+        desc = cast(NumberDesc, self._bound.desc)
        if desc.native_max_fn is not None:
            return desc.native_max_fn(self.coordinator.resource(self._bound.href))
        r = self._range_from_resource()
        if r is not None:
            return float(r[1])
-        if hasattr(self, '_attr_native_max_value'):
+        if hasattr(self, "_attr_native_max_value"):
            return self._attr_native_max_value
        return super().native_max_value

    @property
-    def native_step(self) -> float:
-        desc: NumberDesc = self._bound.desc
+    def native_step(self) -> float | None:
+        desc = cast(NumberDesc, self._bound.desc)
        if desc.step_fn is not None:
            return desc.step_fn(self.coordinator.resource(self._bound.href))
-        if hasattr(self, '_attr_native_step'):
+        if hasattr(self, "_attr_native_step"):
            return self._attr_native_step
        return super().native_step

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ are an external pip dependency we don't own, so behavior that would
 naturally live inside StateCache.apply_rep lives here instead, gating
 whether apply_rep is called at all.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations

 import logging
@@ -15,16 +16,15 @@ import threading
 import time

 import cbor2
-
-from smartthings_local.ocf.state_cache import StateCache
 from smartthings_local.ocf.observe_refresh import ObserveRefreshTask
+from smartthings_local.ocf.state_cache import StateCache

 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)

 REFRESH_INTERVAL_S = 6 * 3600.0

-MODE_OBSERVE = 'observe'
-MODE_POLL = 'poll'
+MODE_OBSERVE = "observe"
+MODE_POLL = "poll"

 DEFAULT_SETTLE_S = 4.0
 GRACE_PERIOD_S = 15.0
@@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ class ObserveManager:
        self.subscribed_hrefs: set[str] = set()
        self._notified: set[str] = set()
        self._last_notify_ts: float | None = None
+        # Wakes try_enter_observe_mode's grace wait early once enough hrefs
+        # have notified. Guards only `_notified` mutations + the `wait_for`.
+        self._notify_cond = threading.Condition()
        self.fallback_hrefs: set[str] = set()
        self._refresh_task: ObserveRefreshTask | None = None
        self._refresh_stop: threading.Event | None = None
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ class ObserveManager:
        happened to expire, i.e. the exact symptom this guard exists to
        prevent, just relocated to whichever write loses the race.
        """
-        if source != 'optimistic' and self._is_settling(href):
+        if source != "optimistic" and self._is_settling(href):
            self.log.debug("dropping %s update for %s (settling)", source, href)
            return False
        with self._cache_lock:
@@ -147,10 +150,12 @@ class ObserveManager:
            return
        if not isinstance(rep, dict):
            return
-        self._notified.add(href)
-        self._last_notify_ts = time.monotonic()
+        with self._notify_cond:
+            self._notified.add(href)
+            self._last_notify_ts = time.monotonic()
+            self._notify_cond.notify_all()
        self.log.debug("observe notify: %s", href)
-        self.apply(href, rep, source='observe')
+        self.apply(href, rep, source="observe")

    def recently_notified(self, window_s: float = PUSH_HEALTH_WINDOW_S) -> bool:
        """True if any OBSERVE notify has arrived within `window_s`.
@@ -163,22 +168,25 @@ class ObserveManager:
        channel has been perfectly healthy").
        """
        return (
-            self._last_notify_ts is not None
-            and time.monotonic() - self._last_notify_ts < window_s
+            self._last_notify_ts is not None and time.monotonic() - self._last_notify_ts < window_s
        )

    def try_enter_observe_mode(
-        self, session, hrefs: list[str],
+        self,
+        session,
+        hrefs: list[str],
        grace_period_s: float = GRACE_PERIOD_S,
        success_fraction: float = SUCCESS_FRACTION,
    ) -> bool:
-        """Blocking — subscribes to every href then sleeps for the whole
-        grace period. Caller must run this in an executor, never on the
+        """Blocking — subscribes to every href then waits up to
+        `grace_period_s`, returning early once `success_fraction` of hrefs
+        have notified. Caller must run this in an executor, never on the
        event loop."""
-        self._notified.clear()
+        with self._notify_cond:
+            self._notified.clear()
        subscribed: set[str] = set()
        for href in hrefs:
-            segs = [s for s in href.strip('/').split('/') if s]
+            segs = [s for s in href.strip("/").split("/") if s]
            try:
                session.subscribe(segs)
                subscribed.add(href)
@@ -190,10 +198,16 @@ class ObserveManager:
            self.subscribed_hrefs = set()
            return False

-        time.sleep(grace_period_s)
+        def _fraction_reached() -> bool:
+            return len(set(self._notified) & subscribed) / len(subscribed) >= success_fraction

-        fraction = len(set(self._notified) & subscribed) / len(subscribed)
-        if fraction >= success_fraction:
+        with self._notify_cond:
+            reached = self._notify_cond.wait_for(
+                _fraction_reached,
+                timeout=grace_period_s,
+            )
+
+        if reached:
            self.subscribed_hrefs = subscribed
            self._set_mode(MODE_OBSERVE)
            self.start_refresh_task(session)
@@ -256,7 +270,8 @@ class ObserveManager:
                found = True
                self.log.debug(
                    "observe missed a change on %s (sweep disagrees with cache): %s",
-                    href, diff,
+                    href,
+                    diff,
                )
        return found

@@ -268,15 +283,19 @@ class ObserveManager:

    def start_refresh_task(self, session) -> None:
        self._stop_refresh_task()
-        paths = [tuple(h.strip('/').split('/')) for h in self.subscribed_hrefs]
+        paths = [tuple(h.strip("/").split("/")) for h in self.subscribed_hrefs]
        self._refresh_task = ObserveRefreshTask(
-            session, paths, interval_s=REFRESH_INTERVAL_S, logger=self.log,
+            session,
+            paths,
+            interval_s=REFRESH_INTERVAL_S,
+            logger=self.log,
        )
        self._refresh_stop = threading.Event()
        self._refresh_thread = threading.Thread(
            target=self._refresh_task.run_forever,
            args=(self._refresh_stop,),
-            daemon=True, name='localthings-observe-refresh',
+            daemon=True,
+            name="localthings-observe-refresh",
        )
        self._refresh_thread.start()

@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ to the matching capabilities, and flattens the result into HA-ready entity
 state. The DTLS/CoAP transport itself lives in the smartthings-local
 package, not here.
 """
-from .adapter import flatten, _key
+
+from .adapter import _key, flatten
 from .discovery import BoundEntity, discover
 from .registry import CAPABILITIES

-__all__ = ['CAPABILITIES', 'discover', 'BoundEntity', 'flatten', '_key']
+__all__ = ["CAPABILITIES", "BoundEntity", "_key", "discover", "flatten"]
@@ -1,22 +1,48 @@
 """Adapter: BoundEntity list → flat state dict and command dispatch."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations

 from typing import Any

 from .discovery import BoundEntity
+from .subdevices import Subdevice, canonical_view


 def _key(b: BoundEntity) -> str:
-    return f"{b.key_override or b.desc.key}{b.instance}"
+    # b.subdevice.key_prefix is '' for MAIN, so a device with no subdevices
+    # (every device this integration shipped before issue #177) gets a
+    # byte-identical key to before -- a hard regression guard, not a nicety
+    # (see test_unique_ids.py and every golden file under tests/fixtures/golden/).
+    return f"{b.subdevice.key_prefix}{b.key_override or b.desc.key}{b.instance}"


 def flatten(bound: list[BoundEntity], resources: dict) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """Map bound entities to their current scalar values."""
+    """Map bound entities to their current scalar values.
+
+    `exists_fn(rep, resources)` receives that entity's own subdevice's
+    *canonical* resources view (see subdevices.canonical_view), not the raw
+    actual-href snapshot -- an exists_fn that scans the whole resources dict
+    for a sibling href (e.g. is_legacy_board) must judge each subdevice on its
+    own resources, not see another subdevice's hrefs bleed in under the same
+    canonical key. Views are built once per distinct subdevice per call, not
+    once per entity -- O(subdevices), not O(bound entities).
+    """
    out: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    # Subdevice is a frozen dataclass (hashable, equal by value), so it can key
+    # `views` directly -- no need to re-derive an identity for it out of
+    # (kind, key) first.
+    all_subdevices = list(dict.fromkeys(b.subdevice for b in bound))
+    views: dict[Subdevice, dict] = {}
+
    for b in bound:
        rep = resources.get(b.href) or {}
-        if b.desc.exists_fn is not None and not b.desc.exists_fn(rep, resources):
-            continue
+        if b.desc.exists_fn is not None:
+            view = views.get(b.subdevice)
+            if view is None:
+                view = canonical_view(b.subdevice, resources, all_subdevices)
+                views[b.subdevice] = view
+            if not b.desc.exists_fn(rep, view):
+                continue
        if b.desc.rep_fn is not None:
            out[_key(b)] = b.desc.rep_fn(rep)
        elif b.desc.field:
@@ -1,19 +1,40 @@
 """OCF /device/0 batch response parser."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations


+def is_stub_rep(rep: dict) -> bool:
+    """True for the device's "resource exists, no data fetched yet" marker --
+    an echoed {"href": "..."} with no other fields.
+
+    Distinct from a genuinely empty {} rep, which is the device's confirmed
+    (if empty) answer -- e.g. an unsupported resource on this model that will
+    never populate. Conflating the two used to make every field-gated entity
+    on a permanently-empty resource look like a not-yet-fetched stub forever,
+    creating phantom always-"unknown" entities (issue #127)."""
+    return isinstance(rep, dict) and set(rep.keys()) == {"href"}
+
+
 def parse_device0_batch(device0: list) -> dict[str, dict]:
-    """Extract {href: rep} from a /device/0 CBOR list response."""
+    """Extract {href: rep} from a /device/0 CBOR list response.
+
+    Most devices put a collection representation without an ``href`` at
+    index 0, while some firmware starts directly with resource entries.
+    Iterate the whole list and let the existing href check ignore collection
+    metadata so the first real resource is preserved in either shape.
+
+    A stub rep is passed through unchanged rather than collapsed to {} --
+    downstream code (entity._is_included, capability exists_fns) uses
+    is_stub_rep to tell "not fetched yet" apart from a confirmed-empty {}.
+    """
    out = {}
-    for entry in device0[1:]:   # skip [0] (device-level rep)
+    for entry in device0:
        if not isinstance(entry, dict):
            continue
-        href = entry.get('href')
-        rep  = entry.get('rep')
+        href = entry.get("href")
+        rep = entry.get("rep")
        if not href:
            continue
-        # rep == {"href": "..."} is a stub (resource present, no current data).
-        # Include it as {} so capabilities still bind and the entity exists.
        if isinstance(rep, dict):
-            out[href] = {} if set(rep.keys()) == {'href'} else rep
+            out[href] = rep
    return out
@@ -1,173 +1,367 @@
 """Per-device-type registries."""
-from typing import Optional

-from ._base import DeviceRegistry
+import re
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
 from . import (
-    air_purifier, airconditioner, cooktop, dishwasher, dryer, oven,
-    range as _range, range_hood, refrigerator, washer,
+    air_dresser,
+    air_monitor,
+    air_purifier,
+    airconditioner,
+    cooktop,
+    dehumidifier,
+    dishwasher,
+    dryer,
+    ehs,
+    induction_cooktop,
+    microwave,
+    oven,
+    range_hood,
+    refrigerator,
+    vacuum_station,
+    washer,
+    water_purifier,
 )
+from . import (
+    range as _range,
+)
+from ._base import DeviceRegistry

 __all__ = [
-    'DeviceRegistry', '_type_key', 'for_device', 'for_device_by_model',
-    'for_device_by_resources',
+    "DeviceRegistry",
+    "_board_tokens",
+    "for_device_by_model",
+    "for_device_by_oic_type",
+    "for_device_by_resources",
+    "resolve",
 ]


+# One entry per registry, no aliases: every key here is reachable from
+# `_BOARD_TOKEN_TO_KEY`, `_CONSUMER_PREFIX_TO_KEY`, or `for_device_by_resources`.
 _REGISTRY_BY_KEY: dict[str, DeviceRegistry] = {
-    'air_purifier': air_purifier.REGISTRY,
-    'airpurifier': air_purifier.REGISTRY,
-    'airconditioner': airconditioner.REGISTRY,
-    'air_conditioner': airconditioner.REGISTRY,
-    'cooktop': cooktop.REGISTRY,
-    'dishwasher': dishwasher.REGISTRY,
-    'dryer': dryer.REGISTRY,
-    'oven': oven.REGISTRY,
-    'hood': range_hood.REGISTRY,
-    'range': _range.REGISTRY,
-    'range_hood': range_hood.REGISTRY,
-    'refrigerator': refrigerator.REGISTRY,
-    'washer': washer.REGISTRY,
+    "air_dresser": air_dresser.REGISTRY,
+    "air_monitor": air_monitor.REGISTRY,
+    "air_purifier": air_purifier.REGISTRY,
+    "airconditioner": airconditioner.REGISTRY,
+    "cooktop": cooktop.REGISTRY,
+    "dehumidifier": dehumidifier.REGISTRY,
+    "dishwasher": dishwasher.REGISTRY,
+    "dryer": dryer.REGISTRY,
+    "ehs": ehs.REGISTRY,
+    "induction_cooktop": induction_cooktop.REGISTRY,
+    "microwave": microwave.REGISTRY,
+    "oven": oven.REGISTRY,
+    "range": _range.REGISTRY,
+    "range_hood": range_hood.REGISTRY,
+    "refrigerator": refrigerator.REGISTRY,
+    "vacuum_station": vacuum_station.REGISTRY,
+    "washer": washer.REGISTRY,
+    "water_purifier": water_purifier.REGISTRY,
 }


-def _type_key(one_ui_version: str) -> str:
-    """Convert oneUiVersion string to registry key.
-
-    Args:
-        one_ui_version: String like '7.0 Dishwasher' or 'Oven'.
-
-    Returns:
-        Lowercase key with version prefix stripped and spaces/hyphens converted to underscores.
-
-    Examples:
-        '7.0 Dishwasher' -> 'dishwasher'
-        '7.0 French Door Refrigerator' -> 'french_door_refrigerator'
-        'Oven' -> 'oven'
-    """
-    if ' ' in one_ui_version:
-        # Strip version prefix: everything before and including the first space
-        suffix = one_ui_version.split(' ', 1)[-1]
-    else:
-        suffix = one_ui_version
-
-    return suffix.lower().replace(' ', '_').replace('-', '_')
-
-
-def for_device(one_ui_version: str) -> Optional[DeviceRegistry]:
-    """Return the DeviceRegistry for the given oneUiVersion string, or None if unknown.
-
-    Args:
-        one_ui_version: Device's oneUiVersion string (e.g., '7.0 Dishwasher').
-
-    Returns:
-        DeviceRegistry if a matching registry exists, None otherwise.
-    """
-    key = _type_key(one_ui_version)
-    if key in _REGISTRY_BY_KEY:
-        return _REGISTRY_BY_KEY[key]
-    # Suffix fallback: e.g. "french_door_refrigerator" ends with "_refrigerator"
-    for rkey, reg in _REGISTRY_BY_KEY.items():
-        if key.endswith(f'_{rkey}'):
-            return reg
-    return None
-
-
 # Consumer-model prefix (first two letters of the '_'-delimited token in
 # `description` right before any '/board-info' suffix) -> registry key.
-# NOT derived from `modelNum` -- washer and dryer share the same 'DA_WM_'
-# internal board-family prefix there, and dishwasher's modelNum contains
-# the substring 'WW', so a modelNum-only rule misroutes both.
+# NOT derived from `modelNum`: washer and dryer share the same 'DA_WM_'
+# board-family prefix there, and dishwasher's modelNum contains the
+# substring 'WW', so a modelNum-only rule misroutes both.
 _CONSUMER_PREFIX_TO_KEY: dict[str, str] = {
-    'WW': 'washer',
-    'WD': 'washer',
-    'WF': 'washer',
-    'WV': 'washer',  # FlexWash twin units (e.g. WV55M9600AW) -- issue #19
-    'DV': 'dryer',
-    'DW': 'dishwasher',
+    "WW": "washer",
+    "WD": "washer",
+    "WF": "washer",
+    "WV": "washer",  # FlexWash twin units (e.g. WV55M9600AW) -- issue #19
+    "WA": "washer",  # Top-load washers (e.g. WA8000T) -- issue #106
+    "DV": "dryer",
+    "DW": "dishwasher",
+}
+
+# Board-family token -> registry key, matched against whole tokens of
+# `modelNum`/`description` (see `_board_tokens`).
+#
+# Tokenizing instead of substring-matching keeps this a table rather than a
+# ladder of hand-written rules: Samsung spells the same board family with
+# either delimiter ('TP1X_DA-AC-RAC-01001' vs 'TP2X_RAC_20K', both RAC), so
+# a substring rule would need writing once per spelling, and a token with
+# no trailing delimiter ('ARTIK051_DONGLE_REF') would match neither.
+#
+# Entries must name the specific device type, never the board family that
+# contains it: 'DA-AC-' prefixes RAC/WAC/DHM/AIR alike, so a bare 'AC' entry
+# would swallow the dehumidifier and the air purifier. Where two families
+# genuinely share a resource surface they share a registry (the
+# air-conditioner spellings below), which is a statement about the
+# hardware, not a shortcut.
+_BOARD_TOKEN_TO_KEY: dict[str, str] = {
+    "REF": "refrigerator",
+    # Air conditioners: distinct board families sharing one resource
+    # surface -- room, package, Korean (#136), window (#87), 2-in-1
+    # floor+wall (#150/#153), system/commercial (#52), cassette (#191), and
+    # ARA-WW wall-mount (#115-120).
+    "RAC": "airconditioner",
+    "PRAC": "airconditioner",
+    "KRAC": "airconditioner",
+    "WAC": "airconditioner",
+    "FAC": "airconditioner",
+    "CAWW": "airconditioner",
+    "CAC": "airconditioner",  # issue #191
+    "ARA": "airconditioner",
+    "DHM": "dehumidifier",  # issue #88 -- target humidity, no climate
+    "EHS": "ehs",  # heat pump: zone1 heating/cooling + domestic hot water
+    "TVTL": "air_purifier",  # issue #56 (ARTIK051)
+    "VTWW": "air_purifier",  # issue #151 (BESPOKE Cube Air)
+    # issue #190: same lineage as VTWW, but the '-WW-' delimiter falls one
+    # letter left ('A-VTWW-' -> 'AVT-WW-'), splitting into a different token.
+    "AVT": "air_purifier",
+    "AIR": "air_purifier",  # issue #130 (TP1X_DA-AC-AIR)
+    "WATERPURIFIER": "water_purifier",  # issue #90
+    "ADW": "dishwasher",
+    "AHD": "range_hood",
+    "RANGE": "range",  # issue #44 -- cooktop+oven combo
+    "OVEN": "oven",  # issue #55 -- wall oven, no burners
+    "MICROWAVE": "microwave",  # issues #66, #121
+    "COOKTOP": "induction_cooktop",  # issue #86 -- standalone, no oven
+    # Legacy ARTIK051 gas cooktops ('ARTIK051_GB_CT_001'): burner state
+    # lives in /mode/vs/0's options array. Deliberately the loosest entry
+    # here -- reached only when nothing more specific matched, since its
+    # description ('ARTIK051_GLOBAL_COOKTOP') would otherwise read as an
+    # induction cooktop via COOKTOP above (see for_device_by_model's field
+    # ordering).
+    "CT": "cooktop",
+    "VSKR": "vacuum_station",  # issue #131 -- stick-vacuum clean station
+    "DF": "air_dresser",  # issue #162
+    "VSWW": "vacuum_station",  # issue #219
+    "ASM": "air_monitor",  # issue #210 -- Air Monitor Plus
+}
+
+_TOKEN_SPLIT_RE = re.compile(r"[^A-Z0-9]+")
+
+
+def _board_tokens(value: str, cut_at: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Whole, upper-cased tokens of `value` up to the first `cut_at`.
+
+    `cut_at` drops the trailing junk each field carries -- everything after
+    modelNum's first '|' (a board revision and a capability bitmap, which can
+    contain anything) and after description's first '/' (a '/DC92-...' board
+    part number).
+    """
+    head = (value or "").split(cut_at, 1)[0].upper()
+    return [t for t in _TOKEN_SPLIT_RE.split(head) if t]
+
+
+def _board_family_key(value: str, cut_at: str) -> str | None:
+    """First `_BOARD_TOKEN_TO_KEY` hit among `value`'s tokens, or None.
+
+    No known modelNum or description yields two conflicting board keys, so
+    which token is found first doesn't matter within one field -- the
+    table is a flat lookup, not a priority list.
+
+    One documented exception (issue #196): AILITE water-purifier boards
+    spell their modelNum '...-REF-WATERPURIFIER-...', where 'REF' names
+    the shared cooling-subsystem board, not the refrigerator type --
+    'WATERPURIFIER' is the actual, more specific type. This one known
+    co-occurrence resolves to 'water_purifier'; TestBoardTokenAmbiguity
+    carries a matching carve-out for this exact pair.
+    """
+    tokens = _board_tokens(value, cut_at)
+    if "REF" in tokens and "WATERPURIFIER" in tokens:
+        return "water_purifier"
+    for token in tokens:
+        key = _BOARD_TOKEN_TO_KEY.get(token)
+        if key is not None:
+            return key
+    return None
+
+
+def _consumer_model_key(description: str) -> str | None:
+    """Registry key from the consumer-model token in `description`, or None.
+
+    Usually that token is the last '_'-delimited segment before any
+    '/board-info' suffix (e.g. '..._WW90DG6U25LEU4' -> 'WW90DG6U25LEU4').
+    But issue #79's dryer pairs two model numbers in one description, so
+    the true consumer token sits one segment before the actual last
+    segment -- scan from the end and take the first segment that resolves.
+
+    Splits on '_' only, unlike `_board_tokens` above: widening the split to
+    '-' would start reading board-family segments as consumer models (the
+    dishwasher's 'ADW-WW-RTL-24-AILITE' would offer up a bare 'WW' and
+    route to washer).
+
+    Only a 2-letter prefix match, so e.g. 'WAC' (Window AC, issue #87) also
+    matches 'WA' (top-load washer, issue #106) at this granularity --
+    for_device_by_model() consults the board-family table first and this
+    only as a fallback, so that ambiguity resolves correctly.
+    """
+    segments = (description or "").split("/", 1)[0].split("_")
+    for segment in reversed(segments):
+        key = _CONSUMER_PREFIX_TO_KEY.get(segment[:2].upper())
+        if key is not None:
+            return key
+    return None
+
+
+# /oic/d's `rt` (OCF's own device-type declaration, see registry/identity.py)
+# -> registry key. The device naming its own type, no board-part guessing --
+# consulted before modelNum/description.
+#
+# Every value must already be a key in `_REGISTRY_BY_KEY` (checked by
+# `test_every_oic_type_resolves_to_a_real_registry`) -- this deliberately
+# stops short of the full OCF/SmartThings vocabulary, since most of it (lights,
+# locks, cameras, TVs, ...) has no registry here to point at, and
+# 'oic.d.robotcleaner' names an actual robot vacuum, a different product from
+# the clean/auto-empty *station* `vacuum_station` covers.
+#
+# `x.com.st.d.*` entries are SmartThings' own vendor extension to the OCF
+# device-type vocabulary, for categories with no `oic.d.*` equivalent.
+#
+# `oic.d.cooktop` is deliberately absent: a TP1X_DA-KS-COOKTOP induction
+# reports it, but `cooktop` and `induction_cooktop` are unrelated registries
+# sharing the English word (see by_type/cooktop.py's docstring) -- the OCF
+# type doesn't distinguish them, and as the primary signal it would override
+# a correct `COOKTOP`/`CT` board token. No unambiguous key to point at, so no
+# row.
+_OIC_TYPE_TO_KEY: dict[str, str] = {
+    "oic.d.airconditioner": "airconditioner",
+    "oic.d.airpurifier": "air_purifier",
+    "oic.d.dishwasher": "dishwasher",
+    "oic.d.dryer": "dryer",
+    "oic.d.oven": "oven",
+    "oic.d.refrigerator": "refrigerator",
+    "oic.d.washer": "washer",
+    "x.com.st.d.airqualitysensor": "air_monitor",
+    "x.com.st.d.dehumidifier": "dehumidifier",
+    "x.com.st.d.hood": "range_hood",  # AHD-WW-TP1-22-COMMON
+    "x.com.st.d.stickcleaner": "vacuum_station",
+    "x.com.st.d.steamcloset": "air_dresser",
 }


-def for_device_by_model(model_num: str, description: str) -> Optional[DeviceRegistry]:
-    """Fallback device-type detection for hardware that never reports
-    oneUiVersion (confirmed for washers -- their /otninformation/vs/0 has
-    no swVersionInfo key at all).
+def for_device_by_oic_type(device_types: Sequence[str]) -> DeviceRegistry | None:
+    """Device-type detection from /oic/d's `rt` -- OCF's own device-type
+    declaration. The primary path when a dump carries it, since the device
+    names its own type. Most hardware still doesn't populate `/oic/d`
+    usefully, so `for_device_by_model`/`for_device_by_resources` remain
+    load-bearing for everything else.
+    """
+    for device_type in device_types:
+        key = _OIC_TYPE_TO_KEY.get(device_type)
+        if key is not None:
+            return _REGISTRY_BY_KEY[key]
+    return None
+
+
+def for_device_by_model(model_num: str, description: str) -> DeviceRegistry | None:
+    """Device-type detection from /information/vs/0's model strings.
+
+    The primary path: the board named in `modelNum` determines the resource
+    surface, which is what a registry describes.
+
+    Three passes, narrowest evidence first:
+
+    1. Board-family tokens in `modelNum`. The most reliable signal -- it names
+       the board, which determines the resource surface.
+    2. The same tokens in `description`. Some units carry the board token only
+       there (a scrubbed or placeholder modelNum, e.g. description
+       'TP1X_REF_21K'). This runs second so that a device whose two fields
+       disagree is typed by its modelNum: the legacy gas cooktop reports
+       'ARTIK051_GB_CT_001' (CT -> gas cooktop) alongside
+       'ARTIK051_GLOBAL_COOKTOP' (COOKTOP -> induction cooktop), and the
+       board is right.
+    3. The consumer-model prefix in `description` (washer/dryer/dishwasher).
+       Last, because a bare two-letter prefix is the fuzziest evidence here
+       and would otherwise shadow the specific board tokens above.

    Args:
        model_num: x.com.samsung.da.modelNum from /information/vs/0.
        description: x.com.samsung.da.description from /information/vs/0.

    Returns:
-        DeviceRegistry if the consumer-model code or modelNum resolves to a
+        DeviceRegistry if the modelNum or consumer-model code resolves to a
        known type, None otherwise.
    """
-    token = (description or '').split('/', 1)[0].rsplit('_', 1)[-1]
-    key = _CONSUMER_PREFIX_TO_KEY.get(token[:2].upper())
-    if key is None and '_REF_' in (model_num or ''):
-        key = 'refrigerator'
-    # Room air conditioners (e.g. ARTIK051_PRAC_20K) report no oneUiVersion and
-    # a modelNum carrying the '_PRAC_' (Package Room Air Conditioner) token.
-    if key is None and '_PRAC_' in (model_num or ''):
-        key = 'airconditioner'
-    # Older/simpler RAC boards (e.g. TP2X_RAC_20K, issue #37) use the plain
-    # '_RAC_' token instead -- distinct from '_PRAC_' above (no overlap: the
-    # 'P' sits between the underscore and 'RAC' in that token).
-    if key is None and '_RAC_' in (model_num or ''):
-        key = 'airconditioner'
-    # System air conditioners (multi-indoor-unit commercial installs, e.g.
-    # A-CAWW-TP2-20-COMMON, issue #52) report no oneUiVersion either and
-    # carry the '-CAWW-' board-family token instead of '_RAC_'/'_PRAC_'.
-    # Same TP1X/TP2X-class resource surface as the room-AC models above
-    # (confirmed by the issue #52 dump binding cleanly against the existing
-    # airconditioner registry once routed here), plus one new SAC-specific
-    # resource (see airconditioner.py's _AC_IGNORED).
-    if key is None and '-CAWW-' in (model_num or '').upper():
-        key = 'airconditioner'
-    # Air purifiers (e.g. ARTIK051_TVTL_18K, issue #56) report no
-    # oneUiVersion either, and carry the '_TVTL_' board-family token.
-    if key is None and '_TVTL_' in (model_num or ''):
-        key = 'air_purifier'
-    model_identity = f'{model_num} {description}'.upper()
-    if key is None and ('_COOKTOP' in model_identity or '_GB_CT_' in model_identity):
-        key = 'cooktop'
-    if key is None and model_identity.startswith('AHD-'):
-        key = 'range_hood'
-    # Range/cooktop-oven combos (e.g. TP1X_DA-KS-RANGE-0102X, issue #44) --
-    # like the RAC/PRAC air conditioners above, these report no oneUiVersion
-    # and don't match the washer/dryer/dishwasher consumer-prefix map either.
-    if key is None and '-RANGE-' in (model_num or '').upper():
-        key = 'range'
-    # Wall ovens (e.g. TP1X_DA-KS-OVEN-0107X, issue #55) -- same board-family
-    # naming as the range combo above, minus the burners; also reports no
-    # oneUiVersion and doesn't match the washer/dryer/dishwasher prefix map.
-    if key is None and '-OVEN-' in (model_num or '').upper():
-        key = 'oven'
+    key = (
+        _board_family_key(model_num, "|")
+        or _board_family_key(description, "/")
+        or _consumer_model_key(description)
+    )
    return _REGISTRY_BY_KEY.get(key) if key else None


-def for_device_by_resources(resources: dict[str, dict]) -> Optional[DeviceRegistry]:
+def for_device_by_resources(resources: dict[str, dict]) -> DeviceRegistry | None:
    """Detect a device family from a distinctive local-resource signature.

-    Some newer cooktops omit both ``oneUiVersion`` and
-    ``/information/vs/0``.  Their mode resource still identifies them: it
-    contains a DeviceType option and multiple per-burner OperationState
-    options.  Require both shapes so an oven's unrelated ``/mode/vs/0`` is
-    not misclassified.
+    Runs first as an override path for non-standard devices -- not because
+    resource signatures are more trustworthy than OIC/model metadata, but
+    because it also types boards with no ``/information/vs/0`` at all.
+    Some newer cooktops were the original case: their mode resource still
+    identifies them via a DeviceType option and multiple per-burner
+    OperationState options.
+
+    Every signature here requires two independent shapes, never one, so
+    running this ahead of OIC/model metadata can't let a common resource
+    misclassify an unrelated family.
    """
-    mode = resources.get('/mode/vs/0', {})
-    options = mode.get('x.com.samsung.da.options') or ()
+    mode = resources.get("/mode/vs/0", {})
+    options = mode.get("x.com.samsung.da.options") or ()
    has_device_type = any(
-        isinstance(option, str) and option.startswith('DeviceType_')
-        for option in options
+        isinstance(option, str) and option.startswith("DeviceType_") for option in options
    )
    operation_states = sum(
-        1 for option in options
-        if isinstance(option, str) and option.startswith('OperationState')
+        1 for option in options if isinstance(option, str) and option.startswith("OperationState")
    )
    if has_device_type and operation_states >= 2:
-        return _REGISTRY_BY_KEY['cooktop']
-    if (
-        '/hood/fanspeed/vs/0' in resources
-        and '/hood/lamp/vs/0' in resources
-    ):
-        return _REGISTRY_BY_KEY['range_hood']
+        return _REGISTRY_BY_KEY["cooktop"]
+    if "/hood/fanspeed/vs/0" in resources and "/hood/lamp/vs/0" in resources:
+        return _REGISTRY_BY_KEY["range_hood"]
+    # Oven/range/microwave boards that report no /information/vs/0 at all
+    # (issues #74, #172) can't be matched via modelNum tokens either. Mode
+    # vocabulary alongside the oven cavity resource (/oven/vs/0) is a safe
+    # two-resource signature; it also corrects Qooker's generic oic.d.oven
+    # metadata (PR #225) since resource detection runs before it.
+    supported_modes = mode.get("x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes") or ()
+    if not isinstance(supported_modes, (list, tuple)):
+        supported_modes = ()
+    cavity = resources.get("/oven/vs/0")
+    if isinstance(cavity, dict):
+        if any(
+            m in supported_modes for m in ("MicroWave", "MicroWaveGrill", "MicroWaveConvection")
+        ):
+            return _REGISTRY_BY_KEY["microwave"]
+        if "Bake" in supported_modes:
+            if "/cooktopmonitoring/vs/0" in resources or "/cooktop/status/vs/0" in resources:
+                return _REGISTRY_BY_KEY["range"]
+            return _REGISTRY_BY_KEY["oven"]
    return None
+
+
+def resolve(
+    resources: dict[str, dict],
+    device_types: Sequence[str] = (),
+) -> DeviceRegistry | None:
+    """Device type for a parsed /device/0 dump, or None if unrecognized.
+
+    The single entry point for detection -- the coordinator, the config
+    flow's probe and the golden-regression harness all call this, so the
+    order can't drift between what ships and what the tests assert.
+
+    Distinctive resource signatures run first, since they describe the
+    live capability surface a registry must bind; `for_device_by_resources`
+    is deliberately strict (multiple independent details required) so this
+    can correct misleading metadata without a common href overriding an
+    unrelated family. When no signature matches, `/oic/d`'s `rt` wins over
+    model-string parsing.
+
+    `/otninformation/vs/0`'s oneUiVersion is deliberately not consulted:
+    only a minority of hardware populates it, every device that does is
+    already typed by its modelNum board token, and no device-support issue
+    has ever needed it. Still reported in diagnostics as a firmware
+    marker.
+    """
+    info = resources.get("/information/vs/0", {})
+    return (
+        for_device_by_resources(resources)
+        or for_device_by_oic_type(device_types)
+        or for_device_by_model(
+            info.get("x.com.samsung.da.modelNum", ""),
+            info.get("x.com.samsung.da.description", ""),
+        )
+    )
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Base DeviceRegistry dataclass and builder."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations

 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ from ..capability import Capability
@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class DeviceRegistry:
    """Registry of capabilities for a specific device type."""
+
    name: str
    capabilities: dict[str, list[Capability]]
    pattern_capabilities: list[Capability] = field(default_factory=list)
@@ -31,17 +33,19 @@ def _build(caps: list[Capability]) -> dict[str, list[Capability]]:

    for cap in caps:
        if cap.href is None:
-            raise ValueError(f"Use pattern_capabilities for href=None caps")
+            raise ValueError("Use pattern_capabilities for href=None caps")
        if cap.href_prefix is not None:
            raise ValueError(
                f"href_prefix is only valid for pattern caps (href=None); "
-                f"cap with href={cap.href!r} must not set href_prefix")
+                f"cap with href={cap.href!r} must not set href_prefix"
+            )
        out.setdefault(cap.href, []).append(cap)

    # Validate that multi-cap hrefs have proper discrimination
    for href, cs in out.items():
        if len(cs) > 1 and any(c.rt_filter is None and c.match_fn is None for c in cs):
            raise ValueError(
-                f"href {href!r} has multiple caps but at least one lacks rt_filter and match_fn")
+                f"href {href!r} has multiple caps but at least one lacks rt_filter and match_fn"
+            )

    return out
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+"""AirDresser device registry (issue #162).
+
+Reuses washer/dryer/dishwasher's shared laundry surface -- job-beginning
+status, operational state, diagnosis, and (issue #208) the buzzer-sound
+select -- /buzzersound/vs/0's rep on this board is the plain
+{setBuzzerSound, supportedBuzzerSound} shape laundry.BUZZER_SOUND already
+expects, no AirDresser-specific wiring needed. air_dresser.py holds the two
+pieces specific to this device type: a minimal wrinkle-prevent-only
+/washer/vs/0 capability, and the course select's own translation key.
+"""
+
+from ..capabilities import air_dresser, common, dishwasher, ignored, laundry, operational
+from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build
+
+REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
+    name="air_dresser",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            *common.POWER,
+            air_dresser.AIR_DRESSER_SETTINGS,
+            air_dresser.AIR_DRESSER_COURSE,
+            air_dresser.AIR_DRESSER_SANITIZE,
+            laundry.BUZZER_SOUND,
+            laundry.JOB_BEGINNING_STATUS,
+            operational.OPERATIONAL_STATE,
+            dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS,
+        ]
+    ),
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""Air Monitor Plus device registry (issue #210).
+
+A standalone, battery-powered air-quality sensor puck (ASM-KR-TP1-22-*
+board) -- no controllable state at all beyond the do-not-disturb window,
+so this registry is almost entirely sensors. No common.POWER: there's no
+`/power/*` resource on this board, only `/energy/battery/vs/0`.
+"""
+
+from ..capabilities import air_monitor, common, ignored
+from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build
+
+REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
+    name="air_monitor",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            *air_monitor.COVERAGE,
+            air_monitor.SENSORS,
+            air_monitor.HUMIDITY,
+            air_monitor.BATTERY,
+            air_monitor.AIR_QUALITY_STANDARD,
+            air_monitor.DND,
+        ]
+    ),
+)
@@ -1,25 +1,67 @@
-"""Air-purifier device registry (Samsung ARTIK051_TVTL-class, issue #56).
+"""Air-purifier device registry.

-Reports no oneUiVersion; resolved via for_device_by_model's '_TVTL_' modelNum
-token (see registry.py). Reuses dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS for /diagnosis/vs/0
-(identical field/write contract).
+Spans three board generations sharing this one registry (see
+capabilities/air_purifier.py's module docstring for the per-href
+match_fn discriminators that keep them from colliding):
+
+- ARTIK051_TVTL-class (issue #56). Resolved via the 'TVTL' modelNum board
+  token (see by_type/__init__.py).
+- TP1X_DA-AC-AIR-class (issue #130). Resolved via the 'AIR' board token.
+  Adds real fan-mode control plus
+  display/HEPA-filter/pet-filter/sound resources the older family never
+  reported; reuses airconditioner.DISPLAY_LIGHT and airconditioner.MUTE_ONCE
+  for /light/vs/0 and /option/muteonce/vs/0, which are identical shapes on
+  the shared DA-AC- board family.
+- A-VTWW-TP2-21-COMMON-class (issue #151). Resolved via the 'VTWW' board
+  token, added for it. Its fan
+  is WIND_STRENGTH_FAN on /wind/strength/vs/0 rather than FAN on
+  /mode/vs/0 -- see that capability's comment.
+- AVT-WW-TP1-23-class (issue #190). A next-gen board in the same VTWW
+  lineage, resolved via its own 'AVT' board token since the '-WW-' delimiter
+  falls one letter to the left of 'VTWW's whole-token spelling. Same
+  resource surface as A-VTWW-TP2-21-COMMON above; no new capabilities
+  needed.
+
+AIR_LEVEL_CHECK ("AI Purify" -- the periodic air-quality sensing engine on
+/airlevelcheck/vs/0) is shared by the last three of those: their dumps all
+carry the resource with the same field names, and only the TVTL family has no
+such href. It was covered as opaque plumbing until two AVT-WW-TP1 dumps
+(issues #84 and #190) showed it drives a real user-facing feature.
+
+Reuses dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS for /diagnosis/vs/0 (identical field/write
+contract).
 """
-from ..capabilities import air_purifier, common, dishwasher, ignored
+
+from ..capabilities import air_purifier, airconditioner, common, dishwasher, ignored
 from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build

 REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
-    name='air_purifier',
-    capabilities=_build([
-        *ignored.IGNORED,
-        *common.UNIVERSAL,
-        *common.POWER,
-        dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS,
-        air_purifier.AIR_QUALITY,
-        air_purifier.FILTER,
-        air_purifier.DEVICE_ACTIVE,
-        air_purifier.AIRFLOW_GENERIC,
-        air_purifier.AIRFLOW_VS_FALLBACK,
-        air_purifier.MODE,
-        *air_purifier.COVERAGE,
-    ]),
+    name="air_purifier",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            *common.POWER,
+            dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS,
+            air_purifier.AIR_QUALITY,
+            air_purifier.AIR_LEVEL_CHECK,
+            air_purifier.FILTER,
+            air_purifier.DEVICE_ACTIVE,
+            air_purifier.AIRFLOW_GENERIC,
+            air_purifier.AIRFLOW_VS_FALLBACK,
+            air_purifier.MODE,
+            air_purifier.FAN,
+            air_purifier.WIND_STRENGTH_FAN,
+            air_purifier.DISPLAY,
+            air_purifier.HEPA_FILTER,
+            air_purifier.PANEL_STATUS,
+            air_purifier.PET_FILTER_ACTIVATION,
+            air_purifier.SOUND_MODE,
+            air_purifier.SOUND_OUTPUT,
+            air_purifier.SOUND_VOLUME,
+            airconditioner.DISPLAY_LIGHT,
+            airconditioner.MUTE_ONCE,
+            *air_purifier.COVERAGE,
+        ]
+    ),
 )
@@ -7,24 +7,46 @@ this registry includes *common.UNIVERSAL but deliberately NOT common.POWER --
 on/off is the climate entity's HVACMode.OFF / TURN_ON/OFF. See common.POWER's
 own comment in capabilities/common.py for why it's excluded.

+common.ENERGY_METER itself is also excluded from UNIVERSAL here, replaced by
+the ENERGY_METER_GENERIC/ENERGY_METER_LEGACY pair -- the legacy ARTIK051 board
+generation (issue #193) reports cumulativePower in a different unit than
+every other AC family, so this registry needs two mutually-exclusive variants
+of that one capability instead of the single shared one every other registry
+uses unconditionally.
+
 Reuses dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS for /diagnosis/vs/0.
 """
+
 from ..capabilities import airconditioner, common, dishwasher, ignored
 from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build

 REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
-    name='airconditioner',
-    capabilities=_build([
-        *ignored.IGNORED,
-        *common.UNIVERSAL,
-        dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS,
-        airconditioner.CLIMATE,
-        airconditioner.AIR_PURIFY,
-        airconditioner.AUTO_CLEAN,
-        airconditioner.AIR_FILTER,
-        airconditioner.DISPLAY_LIGHT,
-        airconditioner.MUTE_ONCE,
-        airconditioner.CURRENT_LIMIT,
-        *airconditioner.COVERAGE,
-    ]),
+    name="airconditioner",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *[c for c in common.UNIVERSAL if c is not common.ENERGY_METER],
+            airconditioner.ENERGY_METER_GENERIC,
+            airconditioner.ENERGY_METER_LEGACY,
+            dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS,
+            airconditioner.CLIMATE,
+            airconditioner.AIR_PURIFY,
+            airconditioner.AUTO_CLEAN,
+            airconditioner.AIR_FILTER,
+            airconditioner.AIR_FILTER_PM1,
+            airconditioner.AIR_QUALITY,
+            airconditioner.DISPLAY_LIGHT,
+            airconditioner.UV_LED,
+            airconditioner.VENTILATION_ALARM,
+            airconditioner.MUTE_ONCE,
+            airconditioner.CURRENT_LIMIT,
+            airconditioner.ANOMALY_LOAD,
+            airconditioner.ABSENCE_POWER_SAVING,
+            airconditioner.MOTION_DETECT_WIND,
+            airconditioner.CURRENT_TEMPERATURE,
+            airconditioner.CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_VS,
+            airconditioner.HUMIDITY,
+            *airconditioner.COVERAGE,
+        ]
+    ),
 )
@@ -1,17 +1,27 @@
-"""Cooktop device registry."""
+"""Gas cooktop device registry (NA9300K-class, PR #23).
+
+Named 'gas_cooktop' (not 'cooktop') so its diagnostics/device-info label
+doesn't collide with the unrelated induction_cooktop family (issue #86,
+by_type/induction_cooktop.py) -- two different OCF surfaces that happen to
+share the English word "cooktop". The `_REGISTRY_BY_KEY['cooktop']` lookup
+key is unchanged: it's relied on by the legacy ARTIK051 'CT' modelNum token
+(for_device_by_model) and the resource-signature fallback
+(for_device_by_resources) alike.
+"""

 from ..capabilities import common, cooktop, ignored
 from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build

-
 REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
-    name='cooktop',
-    capabilities=_build([
-        *ignored.IGNORED,
-        cooktop.COOKTOP_POWER,
-        cooktop.COOKTOP_MODE,
-        cooktop.COOKTOP_CONNECTED,
-        cooktop.PAIRED_HOOD_STATUS,
-        common.FIRMWARE_UPDATE,
-    ]),
+    name="gas_cooktop",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            cooktop.COOKTOP_POWER,
+            cooktop.COOKTOP_MODE,
+            cooktop.COOKTOP_CONNECTED,
+            cooktop.PAIRED_HOOD_STATUS,
+            common.FIRMWARE_UPDATE,
+        ]
+    ),
 )
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+"""Dehumidifier device registry (Samsung TP1X_DA_AC_DHM-class, issue #88).
+
+Shares the DA_AC_ board family with airconditioner.py (power, air filter,
+auto-clean, mute-once all use the identical resource shapes), so those three
+Capability objects are reused directly rather than duplicated. The
+TP1X_DA_AC_DHM_01001_0000 revision (issues #271/#231) also reports
+air_purifier.py's screen-on/off resource on the identical href/shape, so
+that's reused too rather than re-defined.
+"""
+
+from ..capabilities import air_purifier, airconditioner, common, dehumidifier, ignored
+from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build
+
+REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
+    name="dehumidifier",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            *common.POWER,
+            dehumidifier.MODE,
+            dehumidifier.HUMIDITY,
+            dehumidifier.WATERTANK_LIGHTING,
+            airconditioner.AUTO_CLEAN,
+            airconditioner.AIR_FILTER,
+            airconditioner.MUTE_ONCE,
+            air_purifier.DISPLAY,
+            *dehumidifier.COVERAGE,
+        ]
+    ),
+)
@@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
 """Dishwasher device registry."""
+
 from ..capabilities import common, dishwasher, ignored, laundry, operational
 from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build

 REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
-    name='dishwasher',
-    capabilities=_build([
-        *ignored.IGNORED,
-        *common.UNIVERSAL,
-        *common.POWER,
-        common.WATER_METER,
-        common.WATER_FILTER,
-        operational.OPERATIONAL_STATE,
-        dishwasher.CYCLE_OPTIONS,
-        dishwasher.DISHWASHER_SETTINGS,
-        dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS,
-        dishwasher.OPERATION_ORIGIN,
-        laundry.JOB_BEGINNING_STATUS,
-        laundry.DOOR_LED,
-        laundry.SOUND_MODE,
-        laundry.SOUND_VOLUME,
-    ]),
+    name="dishwasher",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            *common.POWER,
+            common.WATER_METER,
+            common.WATER_FILTER,
+            operational.OPERATIONAL_STATE,
+            dishwasher.CYCLE_OPTIONS,
+            dishwasher.DISHWASHER_SETTINGS,
+            dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS,
+            dishwasher.OPERATION_ORIGIN,
+            laundry.JOB_BEGINNING_STATUS,
+            laundry.DOOR_LED,
+            laundry.SOUND_MODE,
+            laundry.SOUND_VOLUME,
+        ]
+    ),
 )
@@ -9,22 +9,25 @@ objects the washer registry uses -- washer and dryer expose the same
 DA_WM_-family surface, so they stay consistent instead of each carrying a
 bespoke variant.
 """
+
 from ..capabilities import common, dryer, ignored, laundry, operational
 from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build

 REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
-    name='dryer',
-    capabilities=_build([
-        *ignored.IGNORED,
-        *common.UNIVERSAL,
-        *common.POWER,
-        operational.OPERATIONAL_STATE,
-        laundry.DOOR_LED,
-        laundry.SOUND_MODE,
-        laundry.BUZZER_SOUND,
-        laundry.JOB_BEGINNING_STATUS,
-        dryer.DRYER_SETTINGS,
-        dryer.DRYER_COURSE,
-        dryer.DRYER_DIAGNOSIS,
-    ]),
+    name="dryer",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            *common.POWER,
+            operational.OPERATIONAL_STATE,
+            laundry.DOOR_LED,
+            laundry.SOUND_MODE,
+            laundry.BUZZER_SOUND,
+            laundry.JOB_BEGINNING_STATUS,
+            dryer.DRYER_SETTINGS,
+            dryer.DRYER_COURSE,
+            dryer.DRYER_DIAGNOSIS,
+        ]
+    ),
 )
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""EHS (Eco Heating System) air-to-water heat pump device registry
+(Samsung TP1X_DA_AC_EHS-class).
+
+Shares the DA_AC_ board prefix with the room-AC family in
+airconditioner.py, but its /mode/*/vs/0 and /temperatures/*/vs/0 resources
+are its own shape (two independent loops: zone1 space heating/cooling and
+dhw domestic hot water), not airconditioner.py's HREF_MODE/HREF_TEMP* OCF
+pattern -- so nothing from that module is reused here except MUTE_ONCE,
+whose /option/muteonce/vs/0 field shape (`muteonce`) is identical on this
+family's dump.
+"""
+
+from ..capabilities import airconditioner, common, ehs, ignored
+from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build
+
+REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
+    name="ehs",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            airconditioner.MUTE_ONCE,
+            ehs.ZONE_POWER,
+            ehs.ZONE_MODE,
+            ehs.ZONE_TEMPERATURE,
+            ehs.DHW,
+            *ehs.DHW_CONSUMED,
+            ehs.AWAY_MODE,
+            *ehs.COVERAGE,
+        ]
+    ),
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""Standalone induction-cooktop device registry (Samsung
+TP1X_DA-KS-COOKTOP-class, issue #86) -- the cooktop half of the
+range/oven board family (see capabilities/range.py), but with no oven
+attached at all.
+
+Reuses range.py's COOKTOP_STATUS/COOKTOP_SPEC/COOKTOP_SAFETY/PROBE_STATUS
+wholesale (identical resource shapes to the range combo's cooktop half)
+and cooktop.PAIRED_HOOD_STATUS for the Bluetooth-paired range hood some
+units pair with. Distinct registry key from cooktop.REGISTRY ('cooktop')
+-- that family is the unrelated NA9300K-class gas cooktop (burner state
+embedded in /mode/vs/0's options array, a completely different OCF
+surface that happens to share the English word "cooktop").
+"""
+
+from ..capabilities import common, ignored
+from ..capabilities import cooktop as cooktop_caps
+from ..capabilities import range as range_caps
+from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build
+
+REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
+    name="induction_cooktop",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            *common.POWER,
+            range_caps.COOKTOP_STATUS,
+            range_caps.COOKTOP_SPEC,
+            range_caps.COOKTOP_SAFETY,
+            range_caps.PROBE_STATUS,
+            cooktop_caps.PAIRED_HOOD_STATUS,
+        ]
+    ),
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"""Microwave device registry (combi and plain microwaves, issues #66/#121).
+
+Shares the oven board family's cavity/cook-cycle resource shape, so the
+operational-state, door, cloud-connected, and quick-recipe-display
+Capability objects are reused directly from oven.py rather than duplicated.
+Cooking mode, setpoint, cavity power level, and lamp are genuinely
+different for this family (different mode vocabulary, different setpoint
+bounds, an extra powerLevel field, a differently-named lamp option) and are
+defined fresh in capabilities/microwave.py -- see that module's docstring.
+
+Some combi units (built-in over-the-range microwaves, issues #137/#142)
+also carry the vent fan's `/hood/fanspeed/vs/0` resource, in the exact same
+shape a standalone range hood reports it in -- reused directly from
+range_hood.py rather than duplicated. Unlike a standalone hood, this dump
+has no sibling `/power/0` or `/power/vs/0` resource; fan.py's
+LocalThingsRangeHoodFan falls back to treating fan speed 0 as off in that
+case (see its `_speed_zero_is_off` check).
+"""
+
+from ..capabilities import common, ignored, microwave, oven, range_hood
+from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build
+
+REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
+    name="microwave",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            *common.POWER,
+            microwave.MICROWAVE_CAVITY,
+            microwave.MICROWAVE_SETPOINT,
+            microwave.MICROWAVE_MODE,
+            oven.OVEN_OPERATIONAL_STATE,
+            oven.OVEN_DOOR,
+            oven.OVEN_CONNECTED,
+            oven.OVEN_RECIPE_COOK,
+            range_hood.HOOD_FAN,
+        ]
+    ),
+)
@@ -1,19 +1,23 @@
 """Oven device registry."""
+
 from ..capabilities import common, ignored, oven
 from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build

 REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
-    name='oven',
-    capabilities=_build([
-        *ignored.IGNORED,
-        *common.UNIVERSAL,
-        *common.POWER,
-        oven.OVEN_CAVITY,
-        oven.OVEN_SETPOINT,
-        oven.OVEN_MODE,
-        oven.OVEN_OPERATIONAL_STATE,
-        oven.OVEN_DOOR,
-        oven.OVEN_CONNECTED,
-        oven.OVEN_SPEC,
-    ]),
+    name="oven",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            *common.POWER,
+            oven.OVEN_CAVITY,
+            oven.OVEN_SETPOINT,
+            oven.OVEN_MODE,
+            oven.OVEN_OPERATIONAL_STATE,
+            oven.OVEN_DOOR,
+            oven.OVEN_CONNECTED,
+            oven.OVEN_SPEC,
+            oven.OVEN_RECIPE_COOK,
+        ]
+    ),
 )
@@ -5,25 +5,29 @@ connected capabilities wholesale (a range's oven half is the same OCF
 surface as a standalone oven) and adds the cooktop-specific capabilities
 for the burner half.
 """
+
 from ..capabilities import common, ignored, oven
 from ..capabilities import range as range_caps
 from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build

 REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
-    name='range',
-    capabilities=_build([
-        *ignored.IGNORED,
-        *common.UNIVERSAL,
-        *common.POWER,
-        oven.OVEN_CAVITY,
-        oven.OVEN_SETPOINT,
-        oven.OVEN_MODE,
-        oven.OVEN_OPERATIONAL_STATE,
-        oven.OVEN_DOOR,
-        oven.OVEN_CONNECTED,
-        oven.OVEN_SPEC,
-        range_caps.COOKTOP_STATUS,
-        range_caps.COOKTOP_SPEC,
-        range_caps.COOKTOP_SAFETY,
-    ]),
+    name="range",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            *common.POWER,
+            oven.OVEN_CAVITY,
+            oven.OVEN_SETPOINT,
+            oven.OVEN_MODE,
+            oven.OVEN_OPERATIONAL_STATE,
+            oven.OVEN_DOOR,
+            oven.OVEN_CONNECTED,
+            oven.OVEN_SPEC,
+            range_caps.COOKTOP_STATUS,
+            range_caps.COOKTOP_SPEC,
+            range_caps.COOKTOP_SAFETY,
+            range_caps.COOKTOP_MONITORING,
+        ]
+    ),
 )
@@ -3,20 +3,22 @@
 from ..capabilities import common, ignored, range_hood
 from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build

-
 REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
-    name='range_hood',
-    capabilities=_build([
-        *ignored.IGNORED,
-        range_hood.HOOD_ALARMS,
-        common.ENERGY_METER,
-        common.FIRMWARE_UPDATE,
-        range_hood.HOOD_FAN,
-        range_hood.HOOD_LAMP,
-        range_hood.HOOD_FILTER,
-        range_hood.AIR_QUALITY,
-        range_hood.AIR_LEVEL_CHECK,
-        range_hood.AUTO_VENTILATION,
-        *range_hood.COVERAGE,
-    ]),
+    name="range_hood",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            range_hood.HOOD_ALARMS,
+            common.ENERGY_METER,
+            common.FIRMWARE_UPDATE,
+            range_hood.AFTER_RUN,
+            range_hood.HOOD_FAN,
+            range_hood.HOOD_LAMP,
+            range_hood.HOOD_FILTER,
+            range_hood.AIR_QUALITY,
+            range_hood.AIR_LEVEL_CHECK,
+            range_hood.AUTO_VENTILATION,
+            *range_hood.COVERAGE,
+        ]
+    ),
 )
@@ -1,40 +1,47 @@
 """Refrigerator device registry."""
+
 from ..capabilities import common, dishwasher, fridge, ignored
 from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build

 REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
-    name='refrigerator',
-    capabilities=_build([
-        *ignored.IGNORED,
-        *common.UNIVERSAL,
-        *common.POWER,
-        fridge.STATUS_LOCK,
-        fridge.DOOR_ALERT,
-        common.WATER_FILTER,
-        dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS,
-        fridge.ICEMAKER_NIGHTTIME,
-        fridge.FLEX_ZONE,
-        fridge.REFRIGERATION,
-        fridge.AUTOFILL,
-        fridge.WELCOME_LIGHTING,
-        fridge.CABINET_LIGHT,
-        fridge.CABINET_LIGHT_ENHANCED,
-        fridge.SABBATH,
-        fridge.BEVERAGE_ZONE,
-        fridge.PANTRY_ZONE,
-        fridge.DEFROST_DELAY,
-        fridge.DEFROST_DELAY_NATIVE_DUPLICATE,
-        fridge.DEFROST_BLOCK_STATUS,
-        fridge.DOORS_FALLBACK,
-        fridge.TEMPERATURES_FALLBACK,
-        fridge.ICEMAKER_STATUS_FALLBACK,
-        fridge.ICEMAKER_STATUS_NATIVE_DUPLICATE,
-        fridge.REFRIGERATION_FALLBACK,
-    ]),
+    name="refrigerator",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            *common.POWER,
+            fridge.STATUS_LOCK,
+            fridge.DOOR_ALERT,
+            common.WATER_FILTER,
+            dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS,
+            fridge.ICEMAKER_NIGHTTIME,
+            fridge.FLEX_ZONE,
+            fridge.REFRIGERATION,
+            fridge.AUTOFILL,
+            fridge.WELCOME_LIGHTING,
+            fridge.CABINET_LIGHT,
+            fridge.CABINET_LIGHT_ENHANCED,
+            fridge.SABBATH,
+            fridge.BEVERAGE_ZONE,
+            fridge.PANTRY_ZONE,
+            fridge.DEFROST_DELAY,
+            fridge.DEFROST_DELAY_NATIVE_DUPLICATE,
+            fridge.DEFROST_BLOCK_STATUS,
+            fridge.DEFINITE_TEMPERATURE_COOLER,
+            fridge.DEFINITE_TEMPERATURE_FREEZER,
+            fridge.DOORS_FALLBACK,
+            fridge.TEMPERATURES_FALLBACK,
+            fridge.ICEMAKER_STATUS_FALLBACK,
+            fridge.ICEMAKER_STATUS_NATIVE_DUPLICATE,
+            fridge.REFRIGERATION_FALLBACK,
+        ]
+    ),
    pattern_capabilities=[
        fridge.TEMP_CURRENT_GENERIC,
-        fridge.TEMP_SETPOINT_GENERIC,
+        fridge.TEMP_SETPOINT,
        fridge.ICEMAKER_GENERIC,
        fridge.DOOR_GENERIC,
+        fridge.KIMCHI_ZONE,
+        fridge.KIMCHI_DOOR_GENERIC,
    ],
 )
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"""Stick-vacuum clean/auto-empty station device registry (issue #131).
+
+See capabilities/vacuum_station.py's module docstring for why this only
+covers the station's own dustbag/dustbin/UV-sanitize state and not any
+vacuum-body control (suction, battery, cleaning mode) -- the diagnostics
+dump this was built from reports none of that.
+"""
+
+from ..capabilities import common, ignored, vacuum_station
+from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build
+
+REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
+    name="vacuum_station",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            *common.POWER,
+            vacuum_station.DUSTBAG,
+            vacuum_station.DUSTBAG_USAGE,
+            vacuum_station.DUSTBIN_SETTING,
+            vacuum_station.CLEANSTATION_STATUS,
+        ]
+    ),
+)
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
 """Washer device registry."""
+
 from ..capabilities import common, dishwasher, ignored, laundry, operational, washer
 from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build

 REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
-    name='washer',
-    capabilities=_build([
-        *ignored.IGNORED,
-        *common.UNIVERSAL,
-        *common.POWER,
-        washer.WASHER_SETTINGS,
-        washer.WASHER_COURSE,
-        laundry.BUZZER_SOUND,
-        laundry.JOB_BEGINNING_STATUS,
-        common.WATER_METER,
-        operational.OPERATIONAL_STATE,
-        dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS,
-    ]),
+    name="washer",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            *common.POWER,
+            washer.WASHER_SETTINGS,
+            washer.WASHER_COURSE,
+            laundry.BUZZER_SOUND,
+            laundry.JOB_BEGINNING_STATUS,
+            common.WATER_METER,
+            operational.OPERATIONAL_STATE,
+            dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS,
+        ]
+    ),
 )
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Water-purifier device registry (Samsung TP2X_WATERPURIFIER-class, issue #90)."""
+
+from ..capabilities import common, ignored, water_purifier
+from ._base import DeviceRegistry, _build
+
+REGISTRY = DeviceRegistry(
+    name="water_purifier",
+    capabilities=_build(
+        [
+            *ignored.IGNORED,
+            *common.UNIVERSAL,
+            common.WATER_FILTER,
+            water_purifier.DISPENSE,
+            water_purifier.STATUS,
+            water_purifier.FAVORITE_CAPACITY,
+            water_purifier.FAVORITE_HOTWATER,
+            water_purifier.COFFEE,
+            water_purifier.LOCK,
+            water_purifier.CUP_STATE,
+            water_purifier.SOUND_MODE,
+            water_purifier.SOUND_OUTPUT,
+            water_purifier.SOUND_VOLUME,
+            water_purifier.STATISTIC_POUR,
+            *water_purifier.COVERAGE,
+        ]
+    ),
+)
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
-from . import (
-    common, cooktop, dishwasher, fridge, ignored, laundry, operational, oven,
-    range_hood,
-)
 from ..capability import Capability
+from . import (
+    common,
+    fridge,
+    ignored,
+    laundry,
+    operational,
+    oven,
+)


 def _is_capability(v):
@@ -18,5 +22,13 @@ _OVEN_GLOBAL_CAPS = [
    oven.OVEN_CAVITY,
 ]

-ALL = [v for mod in (common, operational, laundry, fridge)
-       for v in vars(mod).values() if _is_capability(v)] + _OVEN_GLOBAL_CAPS + ignored.IGNORED
+ALL = (
+    [
+        v
+        for mod in (common, operational, laundry, fridge)
+        for v in vars(mod).values()
+        if _is_capability(v)
+    ]
+    + _OVEN_GLOBAL_CAPS
+    + ignored.IGNORED
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+"""Capabilities specific to the AirDresser family (Samsung DA_DF-class,
+issues #162/#157).
+
+This board family carried no /information/vs/0 token any existing family
+routed on, so it gets its own device type (the 'DF' board token) -- but most
+of the resources it exposes are already handled by the shared laundry
+machinery:
+
+  /washer/vs/0    -> AIR_DRESSER_SETTINGS (wrinkle_prevent only -- a
+                      dedicated capability rather than reusing
+                      dryer.DRYER_SETTINGS wholesale: this board never
+                      populates dryLevel/dryTime/dryerType at all, and
+                      those are permanently-empty-not-just-absent
+                      dryer-only fields on an AirDresser, not merely unset
+                      ones, so binding them here would ship three sensors
+                      that can never read anything on this device type)
+  /course/vs/0    -> AIR_DRESSER_COURSE (cycle select), table id from
+                      /st/airdressercourse/vs/0 (issue #157's
+                      DA_DF_TP2_20_COMMON reports "Table_00"; issue #162's
+                      DA_DF_A51_20_COMMON has no table resource at all and
+                      falls back to the name-only 'cycle' key, same as an
+                      unrecognized table on washer/dryer). Options come
+                      from laundry.cycle_options -- #157's board populates
+                      /wm/editcourse/vs/0's editCourseList directly; #162's
+                      has no editcourse resource at all and falls through
+                      to cycle_options' supportedOptions decode instead.
+                      Course names aren't identified yet for either table
+                      (no code->name mapping was reported), so they render
+                      as their raw codes until named in translations, same
+                      as dryer.py's unidentified codes.
+  /diagnosis/vs/0 -> reuses dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS
+  /airdresseroption/sanitize/vs/0 -> AIR_DRESSER_SANITIZE (issue #157 only;
+                      #162's board doesn't report this resource at all)
+"""
+
+from ..capability import Capability
+from ..entities import SwitchDesc
+from .laundry import cycle_select
+
+
+def _wrinkle_write(p, rep, href=None):
+    if p not in ("On", "Off"):
+        return None
+    return ["washer", "vs", "0"], {"x.com.samsung.da.wrinklePrevent": p}
+
+
+def _sanitize_write(p, rep, href=None):
+    if p not in ("On", "Off"):
+        return None
+    return ["airdresseroption", "sanitize", "vs", "0"], {"x.com.samsung.da.sanitize": p}
+
+
+AIR_DRESSER_SETTINGS = Capability(
+    href="/washer/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="wrinkle_prevent",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.wrinklePrevent",
+            icon="mdi:iron",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=_wrinkle_write,
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+AIR_DRESSER_COURSE = Capability(
+    href="/course/vs/0",
+    entities=(
+        cycle_select(
+            translation_key="air_dresser_cycle",
+            icon="mdi:tshirt-crew",
+            table_href="/st/airdressercourse/vs/0",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+AIR_DRESSER_SANITIZE = Capability(
+    href="/airdresseroption/sanitize/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="sanitize",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.sanitize",
+            icon="mdi:weather-sunny",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=_sanitize_write,
+        ),
+    ),
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+"""Capabilities for the Samsung Air Monitor Plus family (ASM-KR-TP1-22-*
+board, issue #210) -- a small battery-powered standalone air-quality sensor
+puck, not a controllable appliance. No `/power/*` resource at all (battery
+only); this registry deliberately doesn't include common.POWER.
+
+`/sensors/vs/0` is the same {type, value: [...]} items-list shape
+air_purifier.AIR_QUALITY and range_hood.AIR_QUALITY already read via
+common.sensor_item_value -- reused here rather than re-decoded, including
+the same dust/fine_dust/super_fine_dust/odor/clean_level keys so this
+device shares those capabilities' catalog entries. This board additionally
+reports a CO2 reading the other two families don't.
+
+A second `value` list element on the particulate-matter types (e.g. Dust's
+`['31', '2']`) reads like a coarse quality-grade code, but nothing on this
+board confirms what its scale means -- left unbound rather than guessed;
+index 0 is the only slot any family has ever read.
+
+Dust/FineDust/SuperFineDust aren't assigned an HA `device_class`
+(pm10/pm25/pm1) or `unit` despite reading like plausible ug/m3 particulate
+values: Samsung's own two-tier Korean convention maps only to a PM10/PM2.5
+pair, and this board's three-tier naming doesn't confirm where the extra
+tier or a PM1 reading fits. A wrong guess would silently mislabel every
+reading forever, so they're plain `measurement` sensors named after the
+device's own field instead, matching air_purifier.AIR_QUALITY's precedent.
+"""
+
+from datetime import time as dt_time
+
+from ..capability import Capability
+from ..entities import BinarySensorDesc, SensorDesc, SwitchDesc, TimeDesc
+from .air_purifier import _AIR_QUALITY_SENSORS
+from .common import int_or_none, sensor_item_value
+
+SENSORS = Capability(
+    href="/sensors/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        *(
+            SensorDesc(
+                key=key,
+                field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+                icon=icon,
+                state_class="measurement",
+                value_fn=lambda items, t=sensor_type: sensor_item_value(items, t),
+            )
+            for key, icon, sensor_type in _AIR_QUALITY_SENSORS
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="co2",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+            device_class="carbon_dioxide",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            unit="ppm",
+            value_fn=lambda items: sensor_item_value(items, "CO2"),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+HUMIDITY = Capability(
+    href="/humidity/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="humidity",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.humidity",
+            device_class="humidity",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            unit="%",
+            value_fn=int_or_none,
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+BATTERY = Capability(
+    href="/energy/battery/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="battery",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.battery",
+            device_class="battery",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            unit="%",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=int_or_none,
+        ),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="battery_charging",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.charging",
+            device_class="battery_charging",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+AIR_QUALITY_STANDARD = Capability(
+    href="/airqualitystandard/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="air_quality_standard",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.standard",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+
+def _parse_hms(v):
+    """'HH:MM:SS' -> datetime.time, same contract as laundry._parse_hm but
+    tolerant of the trailing ':SS' this board's dnd start/end times carry."""
+    if not v:
+        return None
+    try:
+        parts = v.split(":")
+        return dt_time(int(parts[0]), int(parts[1]))
+    except (ValueError, IndexError):
+        return None
+
+
+def _dnd_time_write(field):
+    def _write(p, rep, href=None):
+        return ["dnd", "vs", "0"], {field: f"{p.hour:02d}:{p.minute:02d}:00"}
+
+    return _write
+
+
+# Issue #210: only one dump exists (DND never toggled in it), so this write
+# contract is an educated guess -- symmetric with the read side's own
+# 'true'/'false' and 'HH:MM:SS' formats, but still needs a reporter to
+# confirm it on real hardware.
+DND = Capability(
+    href="/dnd/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="dnd",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.value",
+            icon="mdi:sleep",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "true",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["dnd", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.value": "true" if p == "On" else "false"},
+            ),
+        ),
+        TimeDesc(
+            key="dnd_start",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.startTime",
+            icon="mdi:clock-start",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=_parse_hms,
+            write_fn=_dnd_time_write("x.com.samsung.da.startTime"),
+        ),
+        TimeDesc(
+            key="dnd_end",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.endTime",
+            icon="mdi:clock-end",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=_parse_hms,
+            write_fn=_dnd_time_write("x.com.samsung.da.endTime"),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Air-monitor-scoped coverage: hrefs with no explainable live state,
+# following the 'don't guess' rule.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+_AM_IGNORED = [
+    # A single bare integer ('keepnormal': 0) with no description, no
+    # supported-values list, and no second dump to compare against -- opaque.
+    "/keepnormalstate/vs/0",
+    # {'remove': ''} -- looks like data-sink/cache-clearing plumbing, not a
+    # live user-facing field.
+    "/sensordatasinks/vs/0",
+]
+
+COVERAGE = [Capability(href=h) for h in _AM_IGNORED]
@@ -1,66 +1,75 @@
 """Capabilities for the Samsung ARTIK051_TVTL-class air purifier family
 (model AX60R5080WD/SE, issue #56).

-Power, kids-lock, remote-control, alarms, and the energy meter are the shared
-common.py capabilities (this family exposes the standard /power/0+/power/vs/0
-pair and /alarms/vs/0, /energy/consumption/vs/0). /diagnosis/vs/0 reuses
-dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS -- identical field/write contract
-(x.com.samsung.da.diagnosisStart, 'Ready' on both dumps).
+Power, kids-lock, remote-control, alarms, and the energy meter are the
+shared common.py capabilities; /diagnosis/vs/0 reuses dishwasher.DIAGNOSIS
+(identical field/write contract).

-/mode/vs/0's x.com.samsung.da.options array packs multiple independent
-'<Prefix>_<value>' flags into one list -- the same packed-list contract
-laundry.py's option_value/option_write already model for /course/vs/0's
-options[] (reused directly below, just against this family's own href). Per
-issue #56's follow-up (five diagnostics dumps captured with the physical unit
-set to Auto/Sleep/Low/Medium/High):
-  Light_On / Light_Off  -- a plain on/off flag; MODE below models it as a
-                            real switch, RMW-replacing just that one entry.
-  Comode_Off            -- read 'Off' on *every* one of the five dumps,
-                            including High/Low/Medium/Auto -- confirms this
-                            is NOT the fan-speed selector (ruling out the
-                            original guess); exposed read-only since its
-                            actual purpose is still unconfirmed.
-  OptionCode_60282       -- confirmed opaque/not user-facing in the
-                            SmartThings app; not modeled (same treatment as
-                            range_hood's OptionCode_* token on the same
-                            href).
-  Blooming_*             -- confirmed to have no corresponding SmartThings
-                            app setting; dropped entirely rather than kept
-                            as an unexplained diagnostic (it did track 1:1
-                            with Sleep mode across the five dumps -- 0 in
-                            Sleep, 6 otherwise -- so it's plausibly an
-                            automatic side effect of sleep mode, e.g. a
-                            display-dimming level, but that's still a guess).
+/mode/vs/0's options[] packs several '<Prefix>_<value>' flags, the same
+packed-list contract as laundry.py's option_value/option_write. Light_On/
+Light_Off is a real on/off switch here -- NOT the same polarity as the AC
+family's own Light_On/Light_Off token on its own /mode/vs/0, which is
+inverted (airconditioner._display_light_on). Comode_Off reads 'Off' on
+every setting (Auto/Sleep/Low/Medium/High), ruling out the original
+"fan speed selector" guess; exposed read-only. OptionCode_* and Blooming_*
+are unmodeled: confirmed opaque / not app-facing.

-/airflow/0 and /airflow/vs/0's `speed` still isn't modeled as a real
-fan-speed control: across the same five dumps it read 0 for both Auto *and*
-High, and 3 for Low/Medium *and* Sleep -- not a monotonic mapping to any
-selectable level, and the dumps were all captured within about three minutes
-of each other (only one poll cycle apart at this integration's 30s summary
-interval), so the values may not have settled after each change before the
-diagnostics snapshot was taken. Exposed read-only pending a confirmed,
-stable capture -- see the issue #56 discussion for what's needed.
+/airflow/0's `speed` is a real fan-speed control: two independent units,
+sampled 60-90s apart per setting, confirmed a clean monotonic 0-4 mapping
+across Auto/Sleep/Low/Medium/High. AIRFLOW_GENERIC below builds an
+ordered-speed fan off that range. /airflow/vs/0's vendor `speedLevel` is
+NOT used for the same purpose -- unreliable on both units in the same
+round (collided Low/Medium on one, stuck at 0 on the other).
 """
+
+import datetime
+
 from ..capability import Capability
-from ..entities import BinarySensorDesc, SensorDesc, SwitchDesc
-from .common import int_or_none, sensor_item_value
+from ..entities import (
+    BinarySensorDesc,
+    FanDesc,
+    NumberDesc,
+    SelectDesc,
+    SensorDesc,
+    SwitchDesc,
+    TimeDesc,
+)
+from .common import epoch_to_utc, filter_usage_percent, int_or_none, sensor_item_value
 from .laundry import bool_option_exists, bool_option_value, option_value, option_write

+# Newer TP1X_DA-AC-AIR-class boards (issue #130) report fan modes directly
+# on /mode/vs/0's top-level modes/supportedModes instead of packing
+# everything into options[] like the older ARTIK051_TVTL family. Both
+# generations share this href; FAN and MODE below are mutually exclusive
+# via presence of supportedModes.
+HREF_MODE = "/mode/vs/0"
+HREF_AIRFLOW = "/airflow/0"
+HREF_WIND_STRENGTH = "/wind/strength/vs/0"
+
+
+def _has_top_level_modes(rep, resources):
+    return isinstance(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes"), (list, tuple))
+
+
 _AIR_QUALITY_SENSORS = (
-    ('dust', 'Dust', 'mdi:blur', 'Dust'),
-    ('fine_dust', 'Fine dust', 'mdi:blur', 'FineDust'),
-    ('super_fine_dust', 'Super fine dust', 'mdi:blur', 'SuperFineDust'),
-    ('odor', 'Odor', 'mdi:scent', 'Odor'),
-    ('clean_level', 'Clean level', 'mdi:air-filter', 'CleanLevel'),
+    ("dust", "mdi:blur", "Dust"),
+    ("fine_dust", "mdi:blur", "FineDust"),
+    ("super_fine_dust", "mdi:blur", "SuperFineDust"),
+    ("odor", "mdi:scent", "Odor"),
+    ("clean_level", "mdi:air-filter", "CleanLevel"),
 )

 AIR_QUALITY = Capability(
-    href='/sensors/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/sensors/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=tuple(
-        SensorDesc(key=key, field='x.com.samsung.da.items', name=name, icon=icon,
-                   value_fn=lambda items, t=sensor_type: sensor_item_value(items, t))
-        for key, name, icon, sensor_type in _AIR_QUALITY_SENSORS
+        SensorDesc(
+            key=key,
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+            icon=icon,
+            value_fn=lambda items, t=sensor_type: sensor_item_value(items, t),
+        )
+        for key, icon, sensor_type in _AIR_QUALITY_SENSORS
    ),
 )

@@ -69,106 +78,584 @@ def _consumable_state(items, name):
    """Read a `/consumable/vs/0`-style items[] entry -- {name, state} pairs,
    unlike AIR_QUALITY's {type, value} shape above."""
    for item in items or ():
-        if isinstance(item, dict) and item.get('x.com.samsung.da.name') == name:
-            return item.get('x.com.samsung.da.state')
+        if isinstance(item, dict) and item.get("x.com.samsung.da.name") == name:
+            return item.get("x.com.samsung.da.state")
    return None


-# FilterProgress is a 0-100 percentage counting up as the filter wears --
-# confirmed via issue #56: the SmartThings app shows "Filter needs changing"
-# once this reaches 100, so 100 means fully used, not "brand new." Named
-# after the raw field (matching the AC/range_hood filterUsage convention,
-# which counts the same direction) rather than "filter life," which would
-# imply the opposite direction.
+# FilterProgress counts UP as the filter wears (100 = "needs changing",
+# confirmed via the SmartThings app) -- named after the raw field rather
+# than "filter life," which would imply the opposite direction.
 FILTER = Capability(
-    href='/consumable/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='cold',
+    href="/consumable/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='filter_progress', field='x.com.samsung.da.items',
-                   name='Filter progress', unit='%', state_class='measurement',
-                   icon='mdi:air-filter', entity_category='diagnostic',
-                   value_fn=lambda items: int_or_none(
-                       _consumable_state(items, 'FilterProgress'))),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="filter_progress",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+            unit="%",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            icon="mdi:air-filter",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=lambda items: int_or_none(_consumable_state(items, "FilterProgress")),
+        ),
    ),
 )

 DEVICE_ACTIVE = Capability(
-    href='/devicespecificinfo/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='cold',
+    href="/devicespecificinfo/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
    entities=(
-        BinarySensorDesc(key='device_active', field='x.com.samsung.da.deviceActive',
-                          name='Device active', icon='mdi:check-network-outline',
-                          entity_category='diagnostic',
-                          value_fn=lambda v: bool(v)),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="device_active",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.deviceActive",
+            icon="mdi:check-network-outline",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=lambda v: bool(v),
+        ),
    ),
 )

-# OCF-native / vendor pair for fan speed+direction -- see module docstring for
-# why these are read-only for now.
+
+def _power_write(power_href, value):
+    """Shared 'power' payload handling for this family's FanDescs -- targets
+    whichever power href fan.py picked (the board may only report
+    /power/0)."""
+    if power_href == "/power/0":
+        return ["power", "0"], {"value": bool(value)}
+    return (["power", "vs", "0"], {"x.com.samsung.da.power": "On" if value else "Off"})
+
+
+def _airflow_fan_write(payload, rep, href=None):
+    kind, value, *args = payload
+    if kind == "power":
+        return _power_write(args[0] if args else "/power/vs/0", value)
+    if kind == "speed":
+        return ["airflow", "0"], {"speed": int(value)}
+    return None
+
+
+# Confirmed monotonic 0-4 speed code (see module docstring) backs a real
+# ordered-speed fan, same SET_SPEED shape as the range hood's. `direction`
+# stays a diagnostic: every dump reads 'Off' regardless of fan setting.
+#
+# Keyed 'airflow_fan', not 'fan' -- FAN below shares this registry and also
+# uses key 'fan'; unique_id is built from key alone, so a shared key would
+# collide if a board ever reported both (empirically mutually exclusive,
+# not architecturally enforced the way same-href caps are).
 AIRFLOW_GENERIC = Capability(
-    href='/airflow/0',
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href=HREF_AIRFLOW,
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='fan_speed_level', field='speed',
-                   name='Fan speed level', icon='mdi:fan',
-                   state_class='measurement', entity_category='diagnostic'),
-        SensorDesc(key='fan_direction', field='direction',
-                   name='Fan direction', icon='mdi:rotate-3d-variant',
-                   entity_category='diagnostic'),
+        FanDesc(key="airflow_fan", field="speed", write_fn=_airflow_fan_write),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="fan_direction",
+            field="direction",
+            icon="mdi:rotate-3d-variant",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
    ),
 )

+# Read-only fallback: speedLevel is unreliable (see module docstring),
+# unlike /airflow/0's speed.
 AIRFLOW_VS_FALLBACK = Capability(
-    href='/airflow/vs/0',
-    match_fn=lambda rep, resources: '/airflow/0' not in resources,
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/airflow/vs/0",
+    match_fn=lambda rep, resources: "/airflow/0" not in resources,
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='fan_speed_level', field='x.com.samsung.da.speedLevel',
-                   name='Fan speed level', icon='mdi:fan',
-                   state_class='measurement', entity_category='diagnostic',
-                   value_fn=int_or_none),
-        SensorDesc(key='fan_direction', field='x.com.samsung.da.direction',
-                   name='Fan direction', icon='mdi:rotate-3d-variant',
-                   entity_category='diagnostic'),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="fan_speed_level",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.speedLevel",
+            icon="mdi:fan",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=int_or_none,
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="fan_direction",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.direction",
+            icon="mdi:rotate-3d-variant",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
    ),
 )


 def _light_write(payload, rep, href=None):
-    # option_write's single-token write is confirmed on a washer's
-    # /course/vs/0 (issue #54), NOT independently on this family's
-    # /mode/vs/0 -- extrapolated on the assumption the same vendor field
-    # merges the same way everywhere. If some unit replaces the field
-    # outright instead, this would drop Comode/OptionCode alongside it on
-    # the next light toggle; revisit if a real device report surfaces that.
-    return ['mode', 'vs', '0'], {
-        'x.com.samsung.da.options': option_write('Light', payload),
+    # option_write's single-token merge is confirmed on a washer's
+    # /course/vs/0 (issue #54); extrapolated here on the assumption the
+    # same vendor field merges the same way on this family's /mode/vs/0.
+    return ["mode", "vs", "0"], {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.options": option_write("Light", payload),
    }


 MODE = Capability(
-    href='/mode/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/mode/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    match_fn=lambda rep, resources: not _has_top_level_modes(rep, resources),
    entities=(
-        SwitchDesc(key='display_light', name='Display light', icon='mdi:led-on',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   rep_fn=bool_option_value('Light'),
-                   exists_fn=bool_option_exists('Light'),
-                   write_fn=_light_write),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="display_light",
+            icon="mdi:led-on",
+            entity_category="config",
+            rep_fn=bool_option_value("Light"),
+            exists_fn=bool_option_exists("Light"),
+            write_fn=_light_write,
+        ),
        # Read-only -- confirmed NOT the fan-speed selector (see module
        # docstring), actual purpose still unconfirmed.
-        SensorDesc(key='operating_mode', name='Operating mode', icon='mdi:fan',
-                   entity_category='diagnostic',
-                   rep_fn=lambda rep: option_value(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'), 'Comode'),
-                   exists_fn=bool_option_exists('Comode')),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="operating_mode",
+            icon="mdi:fan",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            rep_fn=lambda rep: option_value(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"), "Comode"),
+            exists_fn=bool_option_exists("Comode"),
+        ),
    ),
 )

-# /humidity/0 and /humidity/vs/0 are empty {} on both dumps this family has
-# been verified against -- covered here (not globally, per ignored.py's
-# module docstring) since those hrefs collide with fridge/AC schemas
-# elsewhere. Same two hrefs and reasoning as airconditioner.py's _AC_IGNORED.
+
+def _fan_write(payload, rep, href=None):
+    kind, value, *args = payload
+    if kind == "power":
+        return _power_write(args[0] if args else "/power/vs/0", value)
+    if kind == "mode":
+        return ["mode", "vs", "0"], {"x.com.samsung.da.modes": [value]}
+    return None
+
+
+def _first_fan_mode(rep):
+    """Representative scalar for the flattened golden state; the real
+    entity reads live coordinator state instead."""
+    modes = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.modes")
+    if isinstance(modes, (list, tuple)):
+        return modes[0] if modes else None
+    return modes
+
+
+# Named preset modes (Smart/Max/Mid/WindFree/Sleep), not an ordered
+# percentage -- these are named behaviors, not "faster/slower" positions,
+# so fan.py only exposes PRESET_MODE here.
+FAN = Capability(
+    href=HREF_MODE,
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    match_fn=_has_top_level_modes,
+    entities=(
+        FanDesc(
+            key="fan",
+            translation_key="air_purifier_fan",
+            rep_fn=_first_fan_mode,
+            write_fn=_fan_write,
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+
+def _wind_strength_fan_write(payload, rep, href=None):
+    kind, value, *args = payload
+    if kind == "power":
+        return _power_write(args[0] if args else "/power/vs/0", value)
+    if kind == "mode":
+        return ["wind", "strength", "vs", "0"], {"x.com.samsung.da.modes": value}
+    return None
+
+
+# A-VTWW-TP2-21-COMMON (issue #151): named presets like FAN above, but on a
+# distinct href with numeric codes ("87"/"89"/"90"/"91") instead of
+# self-describing supportedModes -- x.com.samsung.da.modesName gives the
+# real names, read live by fan.py rather than a hardcoded map. `modes` is a
+# bare string here, not a single-element list like HREF_MODE's.
+#
+# key is 'wind_strength_fan', not 'fan' -- same unique_id collision hazard
+# as AIRFLOW_GENERIC above.
+WIND_STRENGTH_FAN = Capability(
+    href=HREF_WIND_STRENGTH,
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        FanDesc(
+            key="wind_strength_fan",
+            translation_key="air_purifier_fan",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.modes",
+            write_fn=_wind_strength_fan_write,
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# TP1X_DA-AC-AIR-class additions (issue #130): resources the older
+# ARTIK051_TVTL family never reported.
+
+# Screen/indicator panel on/off, distinct from the display_light switch
+# above (ambient mood light) -- two independent controls on separate hrefs
+# with the same {mode, supportedModes: [On, Off]} shape.
+DISPLAY = Capability(
+    href="/display/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="display",
+            field="mode",
+            icon="mdi:monitor",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["display", "vs", "0"],
+                {"mode": "On" if p == "On" else "Off"},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Same filterUsage/filterCapacity/filterStatus shape as the AC family's
+# AIR_FILTER; the normal/wash/replace option list is reused as-is.
+HEPA_FILTER = Capability(
+    href="/filter/hepafilter/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="hepa_filter_usage",
+            rep_fn=filter_usage_percent,
+            unit="%",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            icon="mdi:air-filter",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="hepa_filter_status",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.filterStatus",
+            device_class="enum",
+            options=("normal", "wash", "replace"),
+            translation_key="filter_status",
+            icon="mdi:air-filter",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v.lower() if isinstance(v, str) else v,
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Physical panel/cover status ('Close' seen, plausibly the HEPA-filter
+# cover) -- unconfirmed, and no supportedStatus list to check against, so a
+# plain diagnostic rather than an asserted binary_sensor.
+PANEL_STATUS = Capability(
+    href="/panel/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="panel_status",
+            field="status",
+            icon="mdi:archive-outline",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Pet-care filter mode -- a plain On/Off field with no vendor prefix, same
+# convention as airconditioner.MUTE_ONCE.
+PET_FILTER_ACTIVATION = Capability(
+    href="/petfilteractivation/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="pet_filter_activation",
+            field="status",
+            icon="mdi:paw",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["petfilteractivation", "vs", "0"],
+                {"status": "On" if p == "On" else "Off"},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Sound mode/volume look like laundry.py's SOUND_MODE/SOUND_VOLUME but this
+# board's actual values differ (supportedModes here is ['mute', 'buzzer'],
+# not laundry's voice/tone/mute; volume is 0-3, not laundry's fixed 0-15) --
+# separate descriptors reading live supported values instead of reusing
+# laundry's hardcoded table.
+SOUND_MODE = Capability(
+    href="/settings/sound/mode/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        # Distinct translation_key from laundry.SOUND_MODE's shared
+        # 'sound_mode' catalog ({voice, tone, mute}) -- this board's
+        # {mute, buzzer} doesn't overlap it.
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="sound_mode",
+            translation_key="air_purifier_sound_mode",
+            field="mode",
+            icon="mdi:volume-high",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options_field="supportedModes",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["settings", "sound", "mode", "vs", "0"],
+                {"mode": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Read-only descriptor of which sound output the unit has -- only one value
+# seen, no alternatives to select between.
+SOUND_OUTPUT = Capability(
+    href="/settings/sound/output/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="sound_output",
+            field="deviceType",
+            icon="mdi:volume-high",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+SOUND_VOLUME = Capability(
+    href="/settings/sound/volume/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        NumberDesc(
+            key="sound_volume",
+            field="level",
+            icon="mdi:volume-medium",
+            entity_category="config",
+            native_min_fn=lambda rep: int_or_none(rep.get("minLevel")) or 0,
+            native_max_fn=lambda rep: int_or_none(rep.get("maxLevel")) or 0,
+            step_fn=lambda rep: int_or_none(rep.get("resolution")) or 1,
+            value_fn=int_or_none,
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["settings", "sound", "volume", "vs", "0"],
+                {"level": str(int(p))},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# AI Purify -- /airlevelcheck/vs/0 (issues #84, #190). Not scheduler
+# plumbing: it drives the SmartThings app's "AI Purify" feature (the unit
+# wakes on a timer, samples air, optionally acts). Reported with the same
+# field names by three of this registry's four board families (TP1X_DA-AC-AIR
+# #130, A-VTWW-TP2 #151, AVT-WW-TP1 #84/#190); ARTIK051_TVTL has no such
+# href. Bound unconditionally since it's safe to no-op where absent.
+#
+# Two independent knobs, one entity each rather than folded into one
+# select: periodicSensingActivationState (is it running) and autoExeState
+# (what it does with a bad reading, Off/Airpurify/Alarm) -- mirrors the
+# appliance's own UI. Folding them lost information: a configured action
+# became invisible while off, and no option could toggle the feature
+# without also overwriting the action. The two "off"s are NOT
+# interchangeable: the switch's off stops sampling entirely; the select's
+# "Off" keeps sampling but doesn't act on it (the app calls that
+# "sensing only").
+#
+# range_hood.AIR_LEVEL_CHECK models the same href's read-only fields
+# (reused verbatim below) but is deliberately not imported: it exposes
+# periodic_air_sensing as a read-only BinarySensorDesc where this board
+# needs it writable, and reusing it would migrate every hood user's entity
+# to a different platform.
+#
+# Every write below was exercised on AVT-WW-TP1-23-AXX500 hardware and
+# verified by surviving a reconnect (this board 2.04s writes it silently
+# discards, so an echo proves nothing). The other two families get the same
+# writes on field-shape grounds only.
+#
+# Deferred: startSensingOnce looks like a one-shot "sense now" trigger but
+# stays unbound until its side effect (not just the echo) is confirmed.
+
+
+def _interval_minutes(seconds):
+    """Device stores the interval in seconds; the entity is in minutes.
+    Rounds up (not to nearest) so a sub-minute value can't floor to 0."""
+    secs = int_or_none(seconds)
+    if secs is None:
+        return None
+    return -(-secs // 60) if secs > 0 else 0
+
+
+def _interval_write(payload, rep, href=None):
+    # Minutes in the UI -> seconds on the wire. Modeled as a free Number,
+    # not the app's three fixed choices, since the resource advertises no
+    # constraint for this field (unlike supportedAutoExeState beside it)
+    # and accepts finer values than the app offers (60s drove an observed
+    # ~60s sensing cycle on hardware). One-minute floor matches this
+    # board's own reporting resolution (lastSensingTime lands on exact
+    # minutes). Zero is refused: unlike a real "no timer" 0 elsewhere in
+    # this repo, nothing establishes what 0 does here. Silent no-op via
+    # None, same shape as range_hood._lamp_level_write.
+    minutes = round(float(payload))
+    if minutes < 1:
+        return None
+    return ["airlevelcheck", "vs", "0"], {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.periodicSensingInterval": str(minutes * 60)
+    }
+
+
+def _periodic_sensing_write(payload, rep, href=None):
+    # Master on/off; leaves autoExeState alone so the configured action
+    # survives the feature being toggled off -- the select can't do that,
+    # since every option write sets an action too.
+    return ["airlevelcheck", "vs", "0"], {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.periodicSensingActivationState": ("On" if payload == "On" else "Off")
+    }
+
+
+def _skip_status_write(payload, rep, href=None):
+    return ["airlevelcheck", "vs", "0"], {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.periodicSensingSkipStatus": ("On" if payload == "On" else "Off")
+    }
+
+
+# Daily skip window, stored as one HHMMHHMM string
+# (periodicSensingSkipTime). Cross-confirmed on two units (inert
+# '00000000' vs a real '03002300'). Split into two HA time entities; each
+# write reads the other half back out of the live rep so the pair
+# round-trips -- confirmed in both directions on hardware.
+def _skip_time_read(part):
+    def _read(value):
+        raw = str(value or "")
+        chunk = raw[0:4] if part == "start" else raw[4:8]
+        if len(chunk) == 4 and chunk.isdigit():
+            try:
+                return datetime.time(int(chunk[:2]), int(chunk[2:]))
+            except ValueError:
+                return None
+        return None
+
+    return _read
+
+
+def _skip_half(raw, part):
+    """The half this write isn't setting, normalized. An unparseable half
+    becomes '0000' rather than carrying a malformed value back to the
+    device."""
+    chunk = (str(raw or "") + "00000000")[:8]
+    other = chunk[4:8] if part == "start" else chunk[0:4]
+    return other if _skip_time_read("end" if part == "start" else "start")(chunk) else "0000"
+
+
+def _skip_time_write(part):
+    def _write(value, rep, href=None):
+        raw = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.periodicSensingSkipTime", "")
+        hhmm = f"{value.hour:02d}{value.minute:02d}"
+        other = _skip_half(raw, part)
+        new = hhmm + other if part == "start" else other + hhmm
+        return ["airlevelcheck", "vs", "0"], {"x.com.samsung.da.periodicSensingSkipTime": new}
+
+    return _write
+
+
+AIR_LEVEL_CHECK = Capability(
+    href="/airlevelcheck/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="periodic_air_sensing",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.periodicSensingActivationState",
+            icon="mdi:radar",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: str(v).lower() == "on",
+            write_fn=_periodic_sensing_write,
+        ),
+        # Options come off supportedAutoExeState rather than a typed table,
+        # so an unrecognized fourth value still reaches the user.
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="sensing_mode",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.autoExeState",
+            options_field="x.com.samsung.da.supportedAutoExeState",
+            translation_key="sensing_mode",
+            icon="mdi:radar",
+            entity_category="config",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["airlevelcheck", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.autoExeState": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+        # The one field that varies across families: TP1X_DA-AC-AIR (#130)
+        # omits it, so that board runs sensing on a fixed, unexposed
+        # interval.
+        NumberDesc(
+            key="sensing_interval",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.periodicSensingInterval",
+            icon="mdi:timer-cog",
+            entity_category="config",
+            native_min=1,
+            native_max=60,
+            step=1,
+            unit="min",
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: "x.com.samsung.da.periodicSensingInterval" in rep,
+            value_fn=_interval_minutes,
+            write_fn=_interval_write,
+        ),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="periodic_sensing_skip_status",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.periodicSensingSkipStatus",
+            icon="mdi:sleep",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: str(v).lower() == "on",
+            write_fn=_skip_status_write,
+        ),
+        TimeDesc(
+            key="sensing_skip_start",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.periodicSensingSkipTime",
+            icon="mdi:clock-start",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=_skip_time_read("start"),
+            write_fn=_skip_time_write("start"),
+        ),
+        TimeDesc(
+            key="sensing_skip_end",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.periodicSensingSkipTime",
+            icon="mdi:clock-end",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=_skip_time_read("end"),
+            write_fn=_skip_time_write("end"),
+        ),
+        # Read-only status, same keys as range_hood.AIR_LEVEL_CHECK.
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="air_sensing_state",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.sensingState",
+            icon="mdi:radar",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="last_air_sensing_time",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.lastSensingTime",
+            device_class="timestamp",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=epoch_to_utc,
+        ),
+        # 'Kr1' on both dumps -- a region-prefixed, undocumented grade;
+        # stays a raw diagnostic rather than an asserted enum.
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="last_air_sensing_level",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.lastSensingLevel",
+            icon="mdi:air-filter",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# /humidity/0 and /humidity/vs/0 are empty on both dumps -- covered here
+# (not globally) since they collide with fridge/AC schemas elsewhere, same
+# reasoning as airconditioner.py's _AC_IGNORED. The next six hrefs (issue
+# #130) are the exact same DA-AC- board resources as _AC_IGNORED,
+# duplicated here rather than promoted to the global list (a possible
+# follow-up DRY cleanup).
 COVERAGE = [
-    Capability(href='/humidity/0'),
-    Capability(href='/humidity/vs/0'),
+    Capability(href="/humidity/0"),
+    Capability(href="/humidity/vs/0"),
+    Capability(href="/availablecontrolsets/vs/0"),  # opaque hex-encoded control-set bitmap
+    Capability(href="/da/softreset/vs/0"),  # soft-reset trigger plumbing
+    Capability(href="/keepnormalstate/vs/0"),  # internal keep-normal flag
+    Capability(href="/personality/presence/vs/0"),  # presence-personalization plumbing (empty here)
+    Capability(href="/reserverulesets/vs/0"),  # opaque hex-encoded schedule reservation blob
+    # Do-not-disturb/auto-sleep schedule -- every field reads its inert
+    # default on the only dump seen. Needs a multi-field schedule editor,
+    # same as fridge.py's /defrost/reservation/vs/0.
+    Capability(href="/dnd/autosleep/vs/0"),
+    # Empty on the A-VTWW-TP2-21 dump (issue #151) -- this board's
+    # convenient-mode equivalent lives in WIND_STRENGTH_FAN instead.
+    Capability(href="/mode/convenient/vs/0"),
 ]
@@ -10,9 +10,17 @@ against live device dumps:
  /water/consumption/vs/0   -> x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeWater
  /filter/waterfilter/vs/0  -> x.com.samsung.da.filterUsage / filterStatus
 """
+
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+
+from ..batch import is_stub_rep
 from ..capability import Capability
 from ..entities import (
-    BinarySensorDesc, ButtonDesc, SelectDesc, SensorDesc, SwitchDesc,
+    BinarySensorDesc,
+    ButtonDesc,
+    SelectDesc,
+    SensorDesc,
+    SwitchDesc,
 )


@@ -40,16 +48,51 @@ def wh_to_kwh(v):
    return round(n / 1000.0, 2) if n is not None else None


-def normalize_temp_unit(raw, default='°F'):
+def parse_iso_utc(raw):
+    """ISO datetime defaulting to UTC when the string carries no timezone of
+    its own. A few boards ship a 'Z'/offset suffix already (fromisoformat
+    parses that natively since Python 3.11) -- only fill in UTC when parsing
+    left the result naive."""
+    if not raw:
+        return None
+    try:
+        dt = datetime.fromisoformat(raw)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    return dt if dt.tzinfo is not None else dt.replace(tzinfo=UTC)
+
+
+def epoch_to_utc(value):
+    """Unix epoch seconds -> aware UTC datetime, for boards that report a
+    bare epoch rather than the ISO string parse_iso_utc handles."""
+    try:
+        return datetime.fromtimestamp(float(value), tz=UTC)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError, OSError):
+        return None
+
+
+def filter_usage_percent(rep):
+    """Filter usage as a percentage of rated capacity. Several families
+    report `filterUsage` as a raw count in `filterCapacityUnit` (e.g. 100 of
+    a 500-hour capacity), so a plain value with a '%' unit would be wrong.
+    Returns None when capacity is missing/zero."""
+    used = _num(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.filterUsage"))
+    cap = _num(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.filterCapacity"))
+    if used is None or not cap:
+        return None
+    return round(used / cap * 100)
+
+
+def normalize_temp_unit(raw, default="°F"):
    """'C'/'Celsius' -> '°C', 'F'/'Fahrenheit' -> '°F'. Falls back to
    `default` for any other/missing value. Shared by fridge.py and oven.py,
-    both of which read a per-device unit off a `/temperature*` resource
-    instead of assuming one (see fridge.py's module docstring, issue #7)."""
-    raw = (raw or '').strip().upper()
-    if raw.startswith('C'):
-        return '°C'
-    if raw.startswith('F'):
-        return '°F'
+    which both read a per-device unit off a `/temperature*` resource
+    instead of assuming one (issue #7)."""
+    raw = (raw or "").strip().upper()
+    if raw.startswith("C"):
+        return "°C"
+    if raw.startswith("F"):
+        return "°F"
    return default


@@ -59,10 +102,28 @@ def _ml_to_l(v):


 def _active_alarm_codes(items):
+    """Join active alarm codes; skip retained rows Samsung leaves as
+    Deleted, and any code ending in '_OFF'.
+
+    Laundry boards keep a Deleted ErrorCode row in /alarms/vs/0 after the
+    condition clears. Samsung also pre-populates this array with one row
+    per alarm *type* the board supports, each carrying its own
+    '<Name>_OFF' placeholder when that alarm isn't firing -- confirmed
+    across independent families. A firing alarm instead reports a plain,
+    unsuffixed code (FilterAlarm, DoorA_Opened, ...); issue #166 shows both
+    in one dump. Generalizes what range hood used to special-case as just
+    the literal 'ErrorCode_OFF' string.
+    """
    if not items or not isinstance(items, list):
-        return 'none'
-    codes = [i.get('x.com.samsung.da.code') for i in items if i.get('x.com.samsung.da.code')]
-    return ', '.join(codes) if codes else 'none'
+        return "none"
+    codes = [
+        i.get("x.com.samsung.da.code")
+        for i in items
+        if i.get("x.com.samsung.da.code")
+        and str(i.get("x.com.samsung.da.state", "")).lower() != "deleted"
+        and not str(i.get("x.com.samsung.da.code", "")).lower().endswith("_off")
+    ]
+    return ", ".join(codes) if codes else "none"


 def merge_options_field(cached, new_tokens):
@@ -70,21 +131,19 @@ def merge_options_field(cached, new_tokens):
    x.com.samsung.da.options[]-style array the same way the device itself
    merges them: match by prefix, replace if present, append if not.

-    Confirmed on real hardware (issue #54) that a write only needs to carry
-    the changed token(s), not the whole array -- see laundry.option_write /
-    oven._option_write for the write side. This is the read side of that
-    same fact: coordinator.async_send_command uses it to keep the
-    optimistic cache entry for the written href complete (every sibling
-    option still present) during the write-settle window, since the wire
-    body it applies straight to the cache no longer carries them."""
+    Confirmed on hardware (issue #54) that a write only needs to carry the
+    changed token(s), not the whole array -- see laundry.option_write /
+    oven._option_write for the write side. coordinator.async_send_command
+    uses this read-side counterpart to keep the optimistic cache entry
+    complete during the write-settle window."""
    merged = list(cached or [])
    for token in new_tokens or ():
-        if not isinstance(token, str) or '_' not in token:
+        if not isinstance(token, str) or "_" not in token:
            continue
-        prefix = token.split('_', 1)[0]
+        prefix = token.split("_", 1)[0]
        replaced = False
        for i, o in enumerate(merged):
-            if isinstance(o, str) and o.startswith(prefix + '_'):
+            if isinstance(o, str) and o.startswith(prefix + "_"):
                merged[i] = token
                replaced = True
        if not replaced:
@@ -92,18 +151,84 @@ def merge_options_field(cached, new_tokens):
    return merged


+def merge_items_field(cached, new_items):
+    """Merge a partial x.com.samsung.da.items[]-style write (matched by
+    x.com.samsung.da.id) into a cached items array -- the items[]
+    counterpart of merge_options_field above.
+
+    Confirmed on hardware that a write only needs to carry the item with
+    the changed id plus the field(s) being changed (see
+    airconditioner._climate_write's vendor temperature write). Fields
+    within the matched item are merged, not replaced outright, so a
+    setpoint-only write doesn't wipe current/minimum/maximum/unit from the
+    optimistic cache entry. An id with no match in `cached` is appended."""
+    merged = [dict(i) if isinstance(i, dict) else i for i in (cached or [])]
+    for new_item in new_items or ():
+        if not isinstance(new_item, dict):
+            continue
+        item_id = new_item.get("x.com.samsung.da.id")
+        for i, existing in enumerate(merged):
+            if isinstance(existing, dict) and existing.get("x.com.samsung.da.id") == item_id:
+                merged[i] = {**existing, **new_item}
+                break
+        else:
+            merged.append(new_item)
+    return merged
+
+
+# /wm/setinfo/vs/0 -- laundry-family firmware capability flags. Present on
+# washers, dryers, and dishwashers; absent on fridge/oven/AC. Static for
+# the life of a board, so reading it from the /device/0 seed is enough.
+_SETINFO_HREF = "/wm/setinfo/vs/0"
+_POWER_ON_OFF_FIELD = "x.com.samsung.da.isModelSettingPowerOnOff"
+_WITHOUT_SC_FIELD = "x.com.samsung.da.isModelSettingWithoutSC"
+
+
+def model_allows_power_on_off(resources: dict) -> bool:
+    """True unless firmware explicitly declares remote power on/off
+    unsupported. isModelSettingPowerOnOff is "false" on many laundry
+    boards: /power/0 and /power/vs/0 still report state, but CoAP writes
+    are ignored. Absent setinfo (non-laundry families) keeps the writable
+    switch."""
+    setinfo = resources.get(_SETINFO_HREF)
+    if setinfo is None:
+        return True
+    flag = setinfo.get(_POWER_ON_OFF_FIELD)
+    if flag is None:
+        return True
+    return str(flag).lower() != "false"
+
+
+def model_setting_without_sc(resources: dict) -> bool:
+    """True when firmware declares settings writable without Smart
+    Control. isModelSettingWithoutSC is "true" on washers/dryers that
+    accept temperature/spin/cycle-option writes while remote control is
+    off; cycle start/pause/stop still need Smart Control on those
+    boards."""
+    setinfo = resources.get(_SETINFO_HREF) or {}
+    return str(setinfo.get(_WITHOUT_SC_FIELD, "")).lower() == "true"
+
+
+def _power_switch_exists(rep, resources):
+    return model_allows_power_on_off(resources)
+
+
+def _power_sensor_exists(rep, resources):
+    return not model_allows_power_on_off(resources)
+
+
 def sensor_item_value(items, sensor_type, index=0):
    """Pull one reading out of a `/sensors/vs/0`-style items[] list -- each
-    item is `{type, value: [...]}`; `index` picks which slot of a possibly
-    multi-value reading to read (index 0 is the raw measurement on every
-    family seen so far). Shared by range_hood.AIR_QUALITY and
-    air_purifier.AIR_QUALITY, which read the same resource shape."""
+    item is `{type, value: [...]}`; `index` picks which slot to read
+    (index 0 is the raw measurement on every family seen so far). Shared
+    by range_hood.AIR_QUALITY, air_purifier.AIR_QUALITY, and
+    air_monitor.SENSORS, which all read the same resource shape."""
    for item in items or ():
        if not isinstance(item, dict):
            continue
-        if item.get('x.com.samsung.da.type') != sensor_type:
+        if item.get("x.com.samsung.da.type") != sensor_type:
            continue
-        values = item.get('x.com.samsung.da.value') or ()
+        values = item.get("x.com.samsung.da.value") or []
        if index < len(values):
            try:
                return int(values[index])
@@ -112,346 +237,445 @@ def sensor_item_value(items, sensor_type, index=0):
    return None


-# OCF-native / vendor '-vs' fallback pairs for power, kids-lock, remote control.
-#
-# These three controls exist as both a standard OCF resource (/power/0,
-# oic.r.switch.binary, plain boolean 'value') and a Samsung vendor resource
-# (/power/vs/0, x.com.samsung.da.power) -- Samsung advertises both as its
-# firmware migrates onto the OCF standard model. Prefer the OCF-standard href
-# when the device exposes it; the '-vs' href (a string-encoded duplicate for
-# these three) binds only when the generic href is absent, via match_fn. Older
-# firmware has only the '-vs' resource, so the pair is behaviour-identical to a
-# lone '-vs' cap there. See the adding-device-support skill's "OCF-standard vs
-# vendor" section for why this is preferred-non-vs-with-fallback, not a blanket
-# choice. Every device registry lists both caps of each pair.
+# OCF-native / vendor '-vs' fallback pairs for power, kids-lock, remote
+# control: each exists as both a standard OCF resource (/power/0,
+# oic.r.switch.binary, plain boolean 'value') and a Samsung vendor
+# resource (/power/vs/0, x.com.samsung.da.power), since Samsung advertises
+# both while its firmware migrates onto the OCF standard model. Prefer the
+# OCF-standard href when present; the '-vs' href binds only when it's
+# absent, via match_fn. Older firmware has only the '-vs' resource. See
+# the adding-device-support skill's "OCF-standard vs vendor" section.
+# Every device registry lists both caps of each pair.

 POWER_GENERIC = Capability(
-    href='/power/0',
+    href="/power/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
-        SwitchDesc(key='power_switch', field='value',
-                   name='Power',
-                   value_fn=lambda v: bool(v),
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['power', '0'], {'value': p == 'On'})),
+        # Writable when firmware allows remote power; otherwise a read-only
+        # binary_sensor with the same key keeps HA state without a dead switch.
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="power_switch",
+            field="value",
+            value_fn=lambda v: bool(v),
+            exists_fn=_power_switch_exists,
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (["power", "0"], {"value": p == "On"}),
+        ),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="power_switch",
+            field="value",
+            device_class="power",
+            value_fn=lambda v: bool(v),
+            exists_fn=_power_sensor_exists,
+        ),
    ),
 )

 POWER_VS_FALLBACK = Capability(
-    href='/power/vs/0',
-    match_fn=lambda rep, resources: '/power/0' not in resources,
+    href="/power/vs/0",
+    match_fn=lambda rep, resources: "/power/0" not in resources,
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
-        SwitchDesc(key='power_switch', field='x.com.samsung.da.power',
-                   name='Power',
-                   value_fn=lambda v: v == 'On',
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['power', 'vs', '0'],
-                       {'x.com.samsung.da.power': 'On' if p == 'On' else 'Off'})),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="power_switch",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.power",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            exists_fn=_power_switch_exists,
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["power", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.power": "On" if p == "On" else "Off"},
+            ),
+        ),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="power_switch",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.power",
+            device_class="power",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            exists_fn=_power_sensor_exists,
+        ),
    ),
 )

 KIDS_LOCK_GENERIC = Capability(
-    href='/kidslock/0',
+    href="/kidslock/0",
    entities=(
-        SwitchDesc(key='child_lock', field='value',
-                   name='Child lock', device_class='lock',
-                   value_fn=lambda v: bool(v),
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['kidslock', '0'], {'value': p == 'On'})),
+        # Read-only like KIDS_LOCK_VS_FALLBACK (issues #181/#183): HA's
+        # switch platform never honored SwitchDesc's device_class='lock'
+        # ('outlet'/'switch' only), leaving a plain switch whose 'On' meant
+        # different things on different boards. As a BinarySensorDesc with
+        # device_class='lock', both surfaces read with the same polarity
+        # ('On' = open/unlocked, per HA convention); value_fn here inverts
+        # the wire value to match (value=False on /kidslock/0 means kids
+        # lock is NOT active).
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="child_lock", field="value", device_class="lock", value_fn=lambda v: not bool(v)
+        ),
    ),
 )

 KIDS_LOCK_VS_FALLBACK = Capability(
-    href='/kidslock/vs/0',
-    match_fn=lambda rep, resources: '/kidslock/0' not in resources,
+    href="/kidslock/vs/0",
+    match_fn=lambda rep, resources: "/kidslock/0" not in resources,
    entities=(
-        SwitchDesc(key='child_lock', field='x.com.samsung.da.kidsLock',
-                   name='Child lock', device_class='lock',
-                   value_fn=lambda v: v != 'Ready',
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['kidslock', 'vs', '0'],
-                       {'x.com.samsung.da.kidsLock': 'Enable' if p == 'On' else 'Ready'})),
+        # Read-only, not a SwitchDesc (issues #181/#183): the old write
+        # side wrote 'Enable', a value no dump ever reports back (every one
+        # is 'Ready' or 'Run'), and #181's reporter confirmed writing the
+        # correct value ('Run') still 4.05s -- genuinely read-only on this
+        # hardware. Polarity matches KIDS_LOCK_GENERIC ('On' = unlocked).
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="child_lock",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.kidsLock",
+            device_class="lock",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "Ready",
+        ),
    ),
 )


 def remote_control_enabled(resources: dict) -> bool:
    """Single source of truth for the /remotectrl on/off signal, mirroring
-    REMOTE_CONTROL_GENERIC/_VS_FALLBACK's href/field pair and precedence
-    below. Used both to render the read-only Smart Control binary_sensor
-    (via those two descriptors) and, from coordinator.async_send_command,
-    to block writes outright when remote control is off. Both hrefs are
-    poll_tier='warm' below so that gate reads recent state (subscribed
-    when observe is live, subpolled every ~6s otherwise) rather than a
-    once-per-30s cold summary poll. True (assume enabled) when neither
-    href is present -- most device types don't report this capability
-    at all."""
-    generic = resources.get('/remotectrl/0')
+    REMOTE_CONTROL_GENERIC/_VS_FALLBACK's href/field precedence. Used both
+    to render the read-only Smart Control binary_sensor and, from
+    coordinator.async_send_command, to block writes when remote control is
+    off. True (assume enabled) when neither href is present -- most device
+    types don't report this capability at all."""
+    generic = resources.get("/remotectrl/0")
    if generic is not None:
-        return bool(generic.get('value'))
-    fallback = resources.get('/remotectrl/vs/0')
+        return bool(generic.get("value"))
+    fallback = resources.get("/remotectrl/vs/0")
    if fallback is not None:
-        return str(fallback.get('x.com.samsung.da.remoteControlEnabled')).lower() == 'true'
+        return str(fallback.get("x.com.samsung.da.remoteControlEnabled")).lower() == "true"
    return True


+def remote_control_required_for_write(resources: dict, bound_href: str) -> bool:
+    """Whether a write to bound_href should be gated on Smart Control.
+
+    When isModelSettingWithoutSC is true, laundry firmware accepts settings
+    writes (wash temp, spin, course options, buzzer, ...) with remote
+    control off, but cycle start/pause/stop on /operational/state still
+    need Smart Control. Absent that flag, keep the historical blanket gate.
+    """
+    if not model_setting_without_sc(resources):
+        return True
+    href = bound_href or ""
+    return href.startswith("/operational/state")
+
+
 REMOTE_CONTROL_GENERIC = Capability(
-    href='/remotectrl/0',
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/remotectrl/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
-        BinarySensorDesc(key='remote_control', field='value',
-                         name='Smart Control', device_class='connectivity',
-                         value_fn=lambda v: bool(v)),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="remote_control",
+            field="value",
+            device_class="connectivity",
+            value_fn=lambda v: bool(v),
+        ),
    ),
 )

 REMOTE_CONTROL_VS_FALLBACK = Capability(
-    href='/remotectrl/vs/0',
-    match_fn=lambda rep, resources: '/remotectrl/0' not in resources,
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/remotectrl/vs/0",
+    match_fn=lambda rep, resources: "/remotectrl/0" not in resources,
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
-        BinarySensorDesc(key='remote_control',
-                         field='x.com.samsung.da.remoteControlEnabled',
-                         name='Smart Control', device_class='connectivity',
-                         value_fn=lambda v: str(v).lower() == 'true'),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="remote_control",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.remoteControlEnabled",
+            device_class="connectivity",
+            value_fn=lambda v: str(v).lower() == "true",
+        ),
    ),
 )

 ALARMS = Capability(
-    href='/alarms/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='hot',
+    href="/alarms/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='alarm_code', field='x.com.samsung.da.items',
-                   name='Alarm code', icon='mdi:alert',
-                   entity_category='diagnostic', value_fn=_active_alarm_codes),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="alarm_code",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+            icon="mdi:alert",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=_active_alarm_codes,
+        ),
    ),
 )

-# instantaneousPower is a dead field on DA_WM_-class laundry dumps (washers and
-# the issue #14 dryer) and on dishwashers too: the literal sentinel '-500',
-# unchanged across off/idle/running. clamp_power floors it to a misleading
-# "0 W" that reads as a real idle measurement. Gate power_watts out when the
-# sentinel is seen -- but only then, so a device reporting a real value (e.g. a
-# fridge's 93 W) still shows it (issue #6). cumulativePower is absent on at
-# least one washer model; the exists_fn makes that explicit rather than relying
-# on the generic field-presence gate.
-_DEAD_INSTANTANEOUS_POWER = '-500'
+# instantaneousPower is a dead field on DA_WM_-class laundry dumps and
+# dishwashers: the literal sentinel '-500', unchanged across off/idle/
+# running. clamp_power would floor it to a misleading "0 W". Gate
+# power_watts out when the sentinel is seen, but only then, so a device
+# reporting a real value (e.g. a fridge's 93 W) still shows it (issue #6).
+_DEAD_INSTANTANEOUS_POWER = "-500"

 ENERGY_METER = Capability(
-    href='/energy/consumption/vs/0',
+    href="/energy/consumption/vs/0",
    entities=(
-        # `not rep` keeps the empty-{} stub carve-out (see entity._is_included):
-        # an explicit exists_fn otherwise bypasses it, which would drop the
-        # entity when /device/0 returns a not-yet-fetched stub. On a populated
-        # rep, hide power only for the dead sentinel or an absent field.
-        SensorDesc(key='power_watts', field='x.com.samsung.da.instantaneousPower',
-                   name='Power', device_class='power', state_class='measurement',
-                   unit='W', value_fn=clamp_power,
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: not rep or (
-                       rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.instantaneousPower')
-                       not in (None, _DEAD_INSTANTANEOUS_POWER))),
-        SensorDesc(key='energy_kwh', field='x.com.samsung.da.cumulativePower',
-                   name='Energy', device_class='energy',
-                   state_class='total_increasing', unit='kWh', value_fn=wh_to_kwh,
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
-                       not rep or 'x.com.samsung.da.cumulativePower' in rep)),
+        # is_stub_rep(rep) keeps the stub carve-out (see
+        # entity._is_included): an explicit exists_fn otherwise bypasses
+        # it and would drop the entity when /device/0 returns a
+        # not-yet-fetched stub. A genuinely empty {} rep is NOT a stub, so
+        # it still falls through to the normal field/sentinel checks.
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="power_watts",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.instantaneousPower",
+            device_class="power",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            unit="W",
+            value_fn=clamp_power,
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
+                is_stub_rep(rep)
+                or (
+                    rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.instantaneousPower")
+                    not in (None, _DEAD_INSTANTANEOUS_POWER)
+                )
+            ),
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="energy_kwh",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.cumulativePower",
+            device_class="energy",
+            state_class="total_increasing",
+            unit="kWh",
+            value_fn=wh_to_kwh,
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
+                is_stub_rep(rep) or "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativePower" in rep
+            ),
+        ),
        # cumulativeConsumption is a second, independently-varying running
-        # total alongside cumulativePower -- some fridges (issue #26) report
-        # both. Self-gates off where only cumulativePower is present. `not
-        # rep or` keeps the same empty-{} stub carve-out as power_watts/
-        # energy_kwh above -- without it, an exists_fn permanently drops the
-        # entity if setup happens to land on a not-yet-fetched stub.
-        SensorDesc(key='power_energy_kwh', field='x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeConsumption',
-                   name='Power energy', device_class='energy',
-                   state_class='total_increasing', unit='kWh', value_fn=wh_to_kwh,
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
-                       not rep or 'x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeConsumption' in rep)),
+        # total some fridges (issue #26) report alongside cumulativePower.
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="power_energy_kwh",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeConsumption",
+            device_class="energy",
+            state_class="total_increasing",
+            unit="kWh",
+            value_fn=wh_to_kwh,
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
+                is_stub_rep(rep) or "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeConsumption" in rep
+            ),
+        ),
        # AI Energy Mode's lifetime savings estimate vs. an unoptimized
-        # baseline -- present on some models (e.g. TP1X_REF_21K, issue #21/
-        # #27) and absent on others (issue #20/#26), unlike cumulativePower.
-        SensorDesc(key='energy_saved_kwh', field='x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeSavedPower',
-                   name='Energy saved', device_class='energy',
-                   state_class='total_increasing', unit='kWh', value_fn=wh_to_kwh,
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
-                       not rep or 'x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeSavedPower' in rep)),
-        # Monthly billing-cycle totals -- the completed prior month and the
-        # in-progress current month. Not ever-increasing (each resets at
-        # month boundary), so no state_class.
-        SensorDesc(key='energy_last_month_kwh', field='x.com.samsung.da.monthlyConsumption',
-                   name='Energy (last month)', device_class='energy',
-                   unit='kWh', value_fn=wh_to_kwh,
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
-                       not rep or 'x.com.samsung.da.monthlyConsumption' in rep)),
-        SensorDesc(key='energy_this_month_kwh', field='x.com.samsung.da.thismonthlyConsumption',
-                   name='Energy (this month)', device_class='energy',
-                   unit='kWh', value_fn=wh_to_kwh,
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
-                       not rep or 'x.com.samsung.da.thismonthlyConsumption' in rep)),
+        # baseline -- present on some models (issue #21/#27), absent on
+        # others (issue #20/#26).
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="energy_saved_kwh",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeSavedPower",
+            device_class="energy",
+            state_class="total_increasing",
+            unit="kWh",
+            value_fn=wh_to_kwh,
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
+                is_stub_rep(rep) or "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeSavedPower" in rep
+            ),
+        ),
+        # Monthly billing-cycle totals -- completed prior month and
+        # in-progress current month. Not ever-increasing, so no state_class.
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="energy_last_month_kwh",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.monthlyConsumption",
+            device_class="energy",
+            unit="kWh",
+            value_fn=wh_to_kwh,
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
+                is_stub_rep(rep) or "x.com.samsung.da.monthlyConsumption" in rep
+            ),
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="energy_this_month_kwh",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.thismonthlyConsumption",
+            device_class="energy",
+            unit="kWh",
+            value_fn=wh_to_kwh,
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
+                is_stub_rep(rep) or "x.com.samsung.da.thismonthlyConsumption" in rep
+            ),
+        ),
    ),
 )

 WATER_METER = Capability(
-    href='/water/consumption/vs/0',
+    href="/water/consumption/vs/0",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='water_liters', field='x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeWater',
-                   name='Water consumption', device_class='water',
-                   state_class='total_increasing', unit='L', icon='mdi:water',
-                   value_fn=_ml_to_l),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="water_liters",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeWater",
+            device_class="water",
+            state_class="total_increasing",
+            unit="L",
+            icon="mdi:water",
+            value_fn=_ml_to_l,
+        ),
    ),
 )

 WATER_FILTER = Capability(
-    href='/filter/waterfilter/vs/0',
-    match_fn=lambda rep, _: rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.filterStatus', '').lower() != 'notused',
+    href="/filter/waterfilter/vs/0",
+    match_fn=lambda rep, _: rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.filterStatus", "").lower() != "notused",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='filter_usage', field='x.com.samsung.da.filterUsage',
-                   name='Filter usage', unit='%', state_class='measurement',
-                   icon='mdi:filter'),
-        SensorDesc(key='filter_status', field='x.com.samsung.da.filterStatus',
-                   name='Filter status', icon='mdi:filter-check'),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="filter_usage",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.filterUsage",
+            unit="%",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            icon="mdi:filter",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="filter_status",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.filterStatus",
+            icon="mdi:filter-check",
+            device_class="enum",
+            options=("normal", "wash", "replace"),
+            value_fn=lambda value: value.lower() if isinstance(value, str) else value,
+        ),
    ),
 )

-# AI energy-saving level -- '0' is off, and supportedAiLevel lists the
-# additional level(s) the device offers ('1' meaning just "on" on most
-# hardware, but multi-level boards have been reported). Verified cross-family:
-# fridge (issue #21) and washer (issue #40) both expose this href.
-#
-# supportedAiLevel is a single-entry list on most captured hardware, where a
-# select would offer only one real choice against an implicit "off" -- shown
-# as a switch instead. '0' itself is never in supportedAiLevel but has been
-# observed live as the off value of aiLevel, so the select synthesizes it
-# back in as an explicit option rather than leaving no way to turn off.
-#
-# No translation_key: aiLevel's values are plain digit strings, and
-# select.py's _display() already renders an untranslated numeric string
-# as-is -- there's nothing a strings.json entry adds that's worth maintaining
-# against an unknown, growing number of future levels.
+# AI energy-saving level -- '0' is off, supportedAiLevel lists the
+# additional level(s) offered ('1' meaning just "on" on most hardware,
+# multi-level on some). Verified cross-family: fridge (issue #21) and
+# washer (issue #40). Most hardware's supportedAiLevel is a single-entry
+# list, so a select there would offer only one real choice against an
+# implicit "off" -- shown as a switch instead; '0' is never in
+# supportedAiLevel but is the observed off value, so the select
+# synthesizes it back in as an explicit option. No translation_key:
+# aiLevel's values are plain digit strings, and select.py already renders
+# an untranslated numeric string as-is.


 def _ai_energy_supported_levels(rep):
-    """supportedAiLevel as a list -- a stray scalar (e.g. a string) must not
-    be len()-checked as if it were a list."""
-    sl = rep.get('supportedAiLevel')
+    """supportedAiLevel as a list -- a stray scalar must not be
+    len()-checked as if it were one."""
+    sl = rep.get("supportedAiLevel")
    return list(sl) if isinstance(sl, (list, tuple)) else []


 def _ai_energy_level_options(resources):
-    rep = resources.get('/energy/ailevel/vs/0') or {}
-    return ['0', *_ai_energy_supported_levels(rep)]
+    rep = resources.get("/energy/ailevel/vs/0") or {}
+    return ["0", *_ai_energy_supported_levels(rep)]


 def _ai_energy_level_write(p, rep, href=None):
-    return ['energy', 'ailevel', 'vs', '0'], {'aiLevel': p}
+    return ["energy", "ailevel", "vs", "0"], {"aiLevel": p}


 def _ai_energy_level_switch_write(p, rep, href=None):
    levels = _ai_energy_supported_levels(rep)
-    on_level = levels[0] if levels else '1'
-    return ['energy', 'ailevel', 'vs', '0'], {'aiLevel': on_level if p == 'On' else '0'}
+    on_level = levels[0] if levels else "1"
+    return ["energy", "ailevel", "vs", "0"], {"aiLevel": on_level if p == "On" else "0"}


 AI_ENERGY_LEVEL = Capability(
-    href='/energy/ailevel/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='cold',
+    href="/energy/ailevel/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
    entities=(
-        # No `not rep` stub carve-out on either side, unlike most exists_fn
-        # gates in this file -- entity creation only ever runs once, against
-        # whichever snapshot happens to be current the moment platforms are
-        # set up (see entity._is_included / __init__.py's
-        # async_config_entry_first_refresh-before-forward-entry-setups
-        # ordering), while flatten() re-evaluates exists_fn every poll
-        # against live data. Both descriptors share key='ai_energy_level',
-        # so if a stub carve-out let one of them win at setup time while the
-        # other wins once real data lands, flatten() would feed the
-        # instantiated entity a value shaped for the other platform (e.g. a
-        # bool into a Select). Requiring real, populated data on both sides
-        # keeps the entity-creation decision and the live-value decision in
-        # permanent agreement -- the cost is this entity doesn't appear
-        # until a reload if the device's very first poll stubs this
-        # cold-tier href, the same reload already required to fix which
-        # platform got picked in that case.
-        SwitchDesc(key='ai_energy_level', field='aiLevel',
-                   name='AI energy level', icon='mdi:leaf',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   value_fn=lambda v: v != '0',
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
-                       len(_ai_energy_supported_levels(rep)) == 1),
-                   write_fn=_ai_energy_level_switch_write),
-        SelectDesc(key='ai_energy_level', field='aiLevel',
-                   name='AI energy level', icon='mdi:leaf',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   options=_ai_energy_level_options,
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
-                       len(_ai_energy_supported_levels(rep)) > 1),
-                   write_fn=_ai_energy_level_write),
+        # No is_stub_rep carve-out on either side, unlike most exists_fn
+        # gates in this file: entity creation runs once against whichever
+        # snapshot is current at platform setup, while flatten() re-checks
+        # exists_fn every poll against live data. Both descriptors share
+        # key='ai_energy_level' -- a stub carve-out could let one win at
+        # setup and the other win once real data lands, feeding the
+        # instantiated entity a value shaped for the other platform.
+        # Requiring populated data on both sides keeps the two decisions in
+        # permanent agreement, at the cost of the entity not appearing
+        # until a reload if the first poll stubs this cold-tier href.
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="ai_energy_level",
+            field="aiLevel",
+            icon="mdi:leaf",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v != "0",
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: len(_ai_energy_supported_levels(rep)) == 1,
+            write_fn=_ai_energy_level_switch_write,
+        ),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="ai_energy_level",
+            field="aiLevel",
+            icon="mdi:leaf",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options=_ai_energy_level_options,
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: len(_ai_energy_supported_levels(rep)) > 1,
+            write_fn=_ai_energy_level_write,
+        ),
    ),
 )

 FIRMWARE_UPDATE = Capability(
-    href='/otninformation/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='cold',
+    href="/otninformation/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
    entities=(
        BinarySensorDesc(
-            key='firmware_update',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.newVersionAvailable',
-            name='Firmware update available',
-            device_class='update',
-            entity_category='diagnostic',
-            value_fn=lambda v: str(v).lower() == 'true' if v is not None else None,
+            key="firmware_update",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.newVersionAvailable",
+            device_class="update",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=lambda v: str(v).lower() == "true" if v is not None else None,
        ),
    ),
 )

 SELF_CHECK = Capability(
-    href='/selfcheck/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='cold',
+    href="/selfcheck/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='selfcheck_status', field='x.com.samsung.da.status',
-                   name='Self-check status', icon='mdi:stethoscope',
-                   entity_category='diagnostic'),
-        SensorDesc(key='selfcheck_result', field='x.com.samsung.da.result',
-                   name='Self-check result', icon='mdi:clipboard-check-outline',
-                   entity_category='diagnostic'),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="selfcheck_status",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.status",
+            icon="mdi:stethoscope",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="selfcheck_result",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.result",
+            icon="mdi:clipboard-check-outline",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
        # List of error codes from the last self-check; joined for display.
        # Not every fridge reports the field, hence the exists_fn.
-        SensorDesc(key='selfcheck_error', field='x.com.samsung.da.error',
-                   name='Self-check error', icon='mdi:alert-circle-outline',
-                   entity_category='diagnostic',
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
-                       not rep or 'x.com.samsung.da.error' in rep),
-                   value_fn=lambda v: (', '.join(v) if v else None) if isinstance(v, list) else v),
-        ButtonDesc(key='selfcheck_start', field='', name='Start self-check',
-                   payload='Start', icon='mdi:play-circle-outline',
-                   entity_category='diagnostic',
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['selfcheck', 'vs', '0'], {'x.com.samsung.da.status': p})),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="selfcheck_error",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.error",
+            icon="mdi:alert-circle-outline",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: is_stub_rep(rep) or "x.com.samsung.da.error" in rep,
+            value_fn=lambda v: (", ".join(v) if v else None) if isinstance(v, list) else v,
+        ),
+        ButtonDesc(
+            key="selfcheck_start",
+            field="",
+            payload="Start",
+            icon="mdi:play-circle-outline",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["selfcheck", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.status": p},
+            ),
+        ),
    ),
 )

-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Cross-family bundles, unpacked into every by_type registry's _build([...])
-# call the same way ignored.IGNORED is (*common.UNIVERSAL / *common.POWER).
-# discover() only binds a capability whose href is actually present in a
-# given device's resource dump, so listing one here for a family that
-# doesn't expose the href is a no-op, not a phantom entity -- see the
-# adding-device-support skill's coverage-discipline section.
+# call the same way ignored.IGNORED is. discover() only binds a capability
+# whose href is actually present in a given device's dump, so listing one
+# here for a family that doesn't expose the href is a no-op, not a phantom
+# entity -- see the adding-device-support skill's coverage-discipline
+# section.
 #
-# UNIVERSAL holds every capability with no known family that both (a) has
-# the href and (b) needs to model it some other way -- broadening one of
-# these to a new family is a safe, harmless guess (issue #40's AI energy
-# level: 2 of 6 families confirmed, blanket-added everywhere else).
+# UNIVERSAL holds every capability with no known family that both has the
+# href and needs to model it some other way.
 #
-# POWER is kept separate -- airconditioner is the one family that opts out
-# of it. Canonical reason (see by_type/airconditioner.py and its test for
-# pointers back here, not restatements): AC's climate entity already owns
-# /power/0 and /power/vs/0 via bare, no-entity Capability objects
-# (airconditioner.COVERAGE), and a second, real POWER_GENERIC/
-# POWER_VS_FALLBACK cap on the same href would make _build() raise (a href
-# with >1 cap must have every cap discriminated by rt_filter/match_fn, and
-# the bare COVERAGE cap has neither). Kids-lock/remote-control don't have
-# this conflict -- no AC dump has ever reported those hrefs -- so they stay
-# in UNIVERSAL.
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# POWER is kept separate: airconditioner opts out of it entirely, since
+# its climate entity already owns /power/0 and /power/vs/0 via bare
+# no-entity Capability objects (airconditioner.COVERAGE), and a second
+# real cap on the same href would make _build() raise (see
+# by_type/airconditioner.py). Kids-lock/remote-control have no such
+# conflict, so they stay in UNIVERSAL.
+#
+# Airconditioner also partially opts out of UNIVERSAL itself: issue #193
+# needs ENERGY_METER's cumulativePower scale to differ by board
+# generation, so by_type/airconditioner.py excludes just that one member
+# and substitutes its own ENERGY_METER_GENERIC/ENERGY_METER_LEGACY.

 UNIVERSAL = (
    ALARMS,
@@ -9,19 +9,19 @@ cooktop must not be remotely ignited by an automation.

 import re

+from ..batch import is_stub_rep
 from ..capability import Capability
 from ..entities import BinarySensorDesc, SensorDesc

-
-_INACTIVE_OPERATION_STATES = {'Off', 'Ready'}
+_INACTIVE_OPERATION_STATES = {"Off", "Ready"}


 def _option_value(options, prefix):
    """Return the value from the first ``<prefix>_<value>`` option."""
-    marker = prefix + '_'
+    marker = prefix + "_"
    for option in options or ():
        if isinstance(option, str) and option.startswith(marker):
-            return option[len(marker):]
+            return option[len(marker) :]
    return None


@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def _operation_slots(options) -> tuple[int, ...]:
    for option in options or ():
        if not isinstance(option, str):
            continue
-        match = re.match(r'^OperationState(\d+)_', option)
+        match = re.match(r"^OperationState(\d+)_", option)
        if match:
            slots.add(int(match.group(1)))
    return tuple(sorted(slots))
@@ -39,10 +39,7 @@ def _operation_slots(options) -> tuple[int, ...]:

 def _any_burner_active(options):
    """True when any advertised burner slot is not idle."""
-    states = [
-        _option_value(options, f'OperationState{slot}')
-        for slot in _operation_slots(options)
-    ]
+    states = [_option_value(options, f"OperationState{slot}") for slot in _operation_slots(options)]
    states = [state for state in states if state is not None]
    return any(state not in _INACTIVE_OPERATION_STATES for state in states)

@@ -55,16 +52,15 @@ def _int_or_none(value):


 COOKTOP_POWER = Capability(
-    href='/power/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='hot',
+    href="/power/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
    entities=(
        BinarySensorDesc(
-            key='power_state',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.power',
-            name='Power state',
-            device_class='power',
-            icon='mdi:stove',
-            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == 'on',
+            key="power_state",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.power",
+            device_class="power",
+            icon="mdi:stove",
+            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == "on",
        ),
    ),
 )
@@ -77,118 +73,107 @@ COOKTOP_POWER = Capability(
 _SUPPORTED_OPERATION_SLOTS = tuple(range(8))

 COOKTOP_MODE = Capability(
-    href='/mode/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='hot',
+    href="/mode/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
    entities=(
        BinarySensorDesc(
-            key='any_burner_active',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.options',
-            name='Any burner active',
-            device_class='running',
-            icon='mdi:fire',
+            key="any_burner_active",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.options",
+            device_class="running",
+            icon="mdi:fire",
            value_fn=_any_burner_active,
        ),
        *(
            SensorDesc(
-                key=f'burner_{slot}_state',
-                field='x.com.samsung.da.options',
-                name=f'Burner {slot} state',
-                icon='mdi:gas-burner',
-                value_fn=lambda options, slot=slot: _option_value(
-                    options, f'OperationState{slot}'
-                ),
+                key=f"burner_{slot}_state",
+                field="x.com.samsung.da.options",
+                translation_key="burner_state",
+                translation_placeholders={"number": str(slot)},
+                icon="mdi:gas-burner",
+                value_fn=lambda options, slot=slot: _option_value(options, f"OperationState{slot}"),
                exists_fn=lambda rep, resources, slot=slot: (
-                    not rep or _option_value(
-                        rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'),
-                        f'OperationState{slot}',
-                    ) is not None
+                    is_stub_rep(rep)
+                    or _option_value(
+                        rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"),
+                        f"OperationState{slot}",
+                    )
+                    is not None
                ),
            )
            for slot in _SUPPORTED_OPERATION_SLOTS
        ),
        SensorDesc(
-            key='main_timer_state',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.options',
-            name='Timer state',
-            icon='mdi:timer-outline',
-            value_fn=lambda options: _option_value(options, 'MainTimerState'),
+            key="main_timer_state",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.options",
+            icon="mdi:timer-outline",
+            value_fn=lambda options: _option_value(options, "MainTimerState"),
        ),
        SensorDesc(
-            key='main_timer_current',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.options',
-            name='Timer current value',
-            icon='mdi:timer-sand',
+            key="main_timer_current",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.options",
+            icon="mdi:timer-sand",
            enabled_default=False,
-            value_fn=lambda options: _int_or_none(
-                _option_value(options, 'MainTimerCurrent')
-            ),
+            value_fn=lambda options: _int_or_none(_option_value(options, "MainTimerCurrent")),
        ),
    ),
 )


 COOKTOP_CONNECTED = Capability(
-    href='/connected/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/connected/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
        BinarySensorDesc(
-            key='cloud_connected',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.connected',
-            name='Cloud connected',
-            device_class='connectivity',
-            entity_category='diagnostic',
-            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == 'on',
+            key="cloud_connected",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.connected",
+            device_class="connectivity",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == "on",
        ),
    ),
 )


 PAIRED_HOOD_STATUS = Capability(
-    href='/bluetooth/hood/status/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='hot',
+    href="/bluetooth/hood/status/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
    entities=(
        BinarySensorDesc(
-            key='paired_hood_connected',
-            field='connectionState',
-            name='Paired hood connected',
-            device_class='connectivity',
-            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == 'connected',
+            key="paired_hood_connected",
+            field="connectionState",
+            device_class="connectivity",
+            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == "connected",
        ),
        BinarySensorDesc(
-            key='paired_hood_power',
-            field='power',
-            name='Paired hood power',
-            device_class='running',
-            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == 'on',
+            key="paired_hood_power",
+            field="power",
+            device_class="running",
+            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == "on",
        ),
        SensorDesc(
-            key='paired_hood_fan_speed',
-            field='fanSpeed',
-            name='Paired hood fan speed',
-            icon='mdi:fan',
+            key="paired_hood_fan_speed",
+            field="fanSpeed",
+            icon="mdi:fan",
            value_fn=_int_or_none,
        ),
        BinarySensorDesc(
-            key='paired_hood_light',
-            field='lampState',
-            name='Paired hood light',
-            device_class='light',
-            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == 'on',
+            key="paired_hood_light",
+            field="lampState",
+            device_class="light",
+            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == "on",
        ),
        SensorDesc(
-            key='paired_hood_model',
-            field='micomModelId',
-            name='Paired hood model',
-            icon='mdi:information-outline',
-            entity_category='diagnostic',
+            key="paired_hood_model",
+            field="micomModelId",
+            icon="mdi:information-outline",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
            enabled_default=False,
        ),
        SensorDesc(
-            key='paired_hood_firmware',
-            field='firmwareVersion',
-            name='Paired hood firmware',
-            icon='mdi:chip',
-            entity_category='diagnostic',
+            key="paired_hood_firmware",
+            field="firmwareVersion",
+            icon="mdi:chip",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
            enabled_default=False,
        ),
    ),
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+"""Capabilities for the Samsung dehumidifier family (TP1X_DA_AC_DHM-class,
+issue #88, model AY18CG7500GED).
+
+Same DA_AC_ board family as the room-AC models in airconditioner.py (shared
+power/energy/filter/auto-clean/mute-once resource shapes), but target
+humidity -- not temperature -- is this device's primary control, and there
+is no climate composite: power, mode, and humidity are exposed as separate
+entities rather than folded into one card.
+"""
+
+from ..capability import Capability
+from ..entities import NumberDesc, SelectDesc, SensorDesc, SwitchDesc
+from .common import int_or_none
+
+
+def _first_mode(rep):
+    """Representative scalar for the operating-mode select. `modes` is a
+    single-element list on every dump seen, mirroring
+    airconditioner._first_mode."""
+    modes = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.modes")
+    if isinstance(modes, (list, tuple)):
+        return modes[0] if modes else None
+    return modes
+
+
+MODE = Capability(
+    href="/mode/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="operating_mode",
+            rep_fn=_first_mode,
+            icon="mdi:tune-variant",
+            options_field="x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["mode", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.modes": [p]},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Target humidity is this device's primary control (issue #88's equivalent
+# of a thermostat setpoint). No min/max range field is present in any dump
+# seen, so native_min/native_max are left unset, falling back to HA's own
+# 0-100 default rather than a bound guessed from one unit's spec sheet.
+# Step comes live from the device's own `increment` field.
+HUMIDITY = Capability(
+    href="/humidity/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="humidity",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.humidity",
+            device_class="humidity",
+            unit="%",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            value_fn=int_or_none,
+        ),
+        NumberDesc(
+            key="target_humidity",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.desiredHumidity",
+            device_class="humidity",
+            unit="%",
+            icon="mdi:water-percent",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=int_or_none,
+            step_fn=lambda rep: int_or_none(rep.get("increment")) or 1,
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["humidity", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.desiredHumidity": str(round(float(p)))},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Water-tank ambient light (issues #271/#231): on/off, color, and
+# brightness are three independent controls on this one resource.
+# `waterfullAlarmStatus` differs between the two dumps that reported this
+# href, so it's a real live flag, but its exact meaning (tank full vs. the
+# chime feature merely enabled) isn't confirmed, and /alarms/vs/0 already
+# surfaces a live WaterTankFull condition -- exposed read-only as a plain
+# diagnostic rather than guessed at as a binary_sensor.
+WATERTANK_LIGHTING = Capability(
+    href="/watertank/lighting/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="watertank_light",
+            field="status",
+            icon="mdi:led-on",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["watertank", "lighting", "vs", "0"],
+                {"status": "On" if p == "On" else "Off"},
+            ),
+        ),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="watertank_light_color",
+            field="colorOption",
+            icon="mdi:palette",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options_field="colorSupportedList",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["watertank", "lighting", "vs", "0"],
+                {"colorOption": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="watertank_light_brightness",
+            field="mode",
+            icon="mdi:brightness-6",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options_field="modeSupportedList",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["watertank", "lighting", "vs", "0"],
+                {"mode": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="watertank_full_alarm_status",
+            field="waterfullAlarmStatus",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Dehumidifier-scoped coverage: vendor plumbing with no user-actionable
+# state, following the same rule as airconditioner._AC_IGNORED (same
+# DA_AC_ board family). Not in the global ignored.IGNORED since some hrefs
+# collide with other families' schemas.
+_DHM_IGNORED = [
+    "/availablecontrolsets/vs/0",  # opaque hex-encoded control-set bitmap (id: DHM)
+    "/da/softreset/vs/0",  # soft-reset trigger plumbing
+    "/keepnormalstate/vs/0",  # internal keep-normal flag
+    "/personality/presence/vs/0",  # presence-personalization plumbing (empty item value)
+    "/reserverulesets/vs/0",  # opaque hex-encoded schedule reservation blob
+    "/sensors/vs/0",  # empty {} on this dump
+    "/welcome/humidity/vs/0",  # welcome-mode plumbing (requestId/operatingStatus, inert)
+    # Only supportedModes ([Off, Sleep]) is present -- no live "current
+    # value" field on this dump to confirm the read/write contract, so per
+    # the 'don't guess' rule this is left unmodeled rather than assumed.
+    "/mode/convenient/vs/0",
+]
+
+COVERAGE = [Capability(href=h) for h in _DHM_IGNORED]
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ The /course/vs/0 cycle select and its options-array machinery are shared with
 washer and dryer in laundry.py; only the dishwasher-specific options (storm
 wash, auto release dry) are read locally here.
 """
+
 from ..capability import Capability
 from ..entities import ButtonDesc, SelectDesc, SensorDesc, SwitchDesc
 from .laundry import bool_option_switch, cycle_select
@@ -15,40 +16,50 @@ from .laundry import bool_option_switch, cycle_select
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 DISHWASHER_SETTINGS = Capability(
-    href='/dishwasher/vs/0',
+    href="/dishwasher/vs/0",
    entities=(
-        SwitchDesc(key='sanitize', field='x.com.samsung.da.sanitize',
-                   name='Sanitize', icon='mdi:bacteria',
-                   value_fn=lambda v: v == 'On',
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['dishwasher', 'vs', '0'],
-                       {'x.com.samsung.da.sanitize': 'On' if p == 'On' else 'Off'})),
-        SelectDesc(key='heated_dry', field='x.com.samsung.da.heatedDry',
-                   name='Smart Dry', icon='mdi:heat-wave',
-                   options_field='x.com.samsung.da.supportedHeatedDry',
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['dishwasher', 'vs', '0'],
-                       {'x.com.samsung.da.heatedDry': p})),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="sanitize",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.sanitize",
+            icon="mdi:bacteria",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["dishwasher", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.sanitize": "On" if p == "On" else "Off"},
+            ),
+        ),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="heated_dry",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.heatedDry",
+            icon="mdi:heat-wave",
+            options_field="x.com.samsung.da.supportedHeatedDry",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["dishwasher", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.heatedDry": p},
+            ),
+        ),
    ),
 )

-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# /course/vs/0 — cycle selection (shared laundry.cycle_select) plus the
-# dishwasher-only StormWashZone / AutoDoorRelease toggles that ride in the
-# same options array (shared laundry.bool_option_switch, same options[]
-# boolean-toggle contract washer's bubble-soak/pre-wash/intensive switches
-# use). Course display names live in translations under
-# entity.select.dishwasher_cycle (see laundry.cycle_select).
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# /course/vs/0 -- cycle selection (shared laundry.cycle_select) plus the
+# dishwasher-only StormWashZone / AutoDoorRelease toggles riding in the same
+# options array (shared laundry.bool_option_switch). Course display names
+# live in translations under entity.select.dishwasher_cycle.
+#
+# '83'/'86' were transposed in that catalog until issue #226: the original
+# fixture's own live editCourseList puts them back to back, exactly the
+# kind of adjacent pair a manual screenshot transcription slips on. The
+# reporter's live confirmation (selecting 'Normal' ran the physical Express
+# 60 program and vice versa) settled it: '86' is Express 60, '83' is Normal.

 CYCLE_OPTIONS = Capability(
-    href='/course/vs/0',
+    href="/course/vs/0",
    entities=(
-        cycle_select(translation_key='dishwasher_cycle', icon='mdi:dishwasher'),
-        bool_option_switch('storm_wash', 'Storm Wash+', 'mdi:weather-lightning-rainy',
-                            'StormWashZone'),
-        bool_option_switch('auto_release_dry', 'Auto release dry', 'mdi:door-open',
-                            'AutoDoorRelease', gate_on_presence=True),
+        cycle_select(translation_key="dishwasher_cycle", icon="mdi:dishwasher"),
+        bool_option_switch("storm_wash", "mdi:weather-lightning-rainy", "StormWashZone"),
+        bool_option_switch(
+            "auto_release_dry", "mdi:door-open", "AutoDoorRelease", gate_on_presence=True
+        ),
    ),
 )

@@ -57,26 +68,35 @@ CYCLE_OPTIONS = Capability(
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 DIAGNOSIS = Capability(
-    href='/diagnosis/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='cold',
+    href="/diagnosis/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='diagnosis_status', field='x.com.samsung.da.diagnosisStart',
-                   name='Diagnosis status', icon='mdi:stethoscope',
-                   entity_category='diagnostic'),
-        ButtonDesc(key='diagnosis_start', field='', name='Start diagnosis',
-                   payload='Start', icon='mdi:play-circle-outline',
-                   entity_category='diagnostic',
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['diagnosis', 'vs', '0'], {'x.com.samsung.da.diagnosisStart': p})),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="diagnosis_status",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.diagnosisStart",
+            icon="mdi:stethoscope",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+        ButtonDesc(
+            key="diagnosis_start",
+            field="",
+            payload="Start",
+            icon="mdi:play-circle-outline",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["diagnosis", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.diagnosisStart": p},
+            ),
+        ),
    ),
 )

 OPERATION_ORIGIN = Capability(
-    href='/operation/origin/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='cold',
+    href="/operation/origin/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='operation_origin', field='origin',
-                   name='Last operation source', icon='mdi:remote',
-                   entity_category='diagnostic'),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="operation_origin", field="origin", icon="mdi:remote", entity_category="diagnostic"
+        ),
    ),
 )
@@ -8,56 +8,83 @@ the /course/vs/0 cycle select -- lives in laundry.py.
  /course/vs/0   -> DRYER_COURSE (shared cycle select; see below)
  /diagnosis/vs/0 -> DRYER_DIAGNOSIS
 """
+
 from ..capability import Capability
 from ..entities import SensorDesc, SwitchDesc
-from .laundry import cycle_select
+from .laundry import cycle_select, drum_clean_cycles_remaining, drum_clean_last_cleaned


 def _wrinkle_write(p, rep, href=None):
-    if p not in ('On', 'Off'):
+    if p not in ("On", "Off"):
        return None
-    return ['washer', 'vs', '0'], {'x.com.samsung.da.wrinklePrevent': p}
+    return ["washer", "vs", "0"], {"x.com.samsung.da.wrinklePrevent": p}


 DRYER_SETTINGS = Capability(
-    href='/washer/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/washer/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='dry_level', field='x.com.samsung.da.dryLevel',
-                   name='Dry level', icon='mdi:water-percent'),
-        SensorDesc(key='dry_time', field='x.com.samsung.da.dryTime',
-                   name='Dry time', icon='mdi:timer'),
-        SensorDesc(key='dryer_type', field='x.com.samsung.da.dryerType',
-                   name='Dryer type', icon='mdi:tumble-dryer'),
-        SwitchDesc(key='wrinkle_prevent', field='x.com.samsung.da.wrinklePrevent',
-                   name='Wrinkle prevent', icon='mdi:iron',
-                   value_fn=lambda v: v == 'On',
-                   write_fn=_wrinkle_write),
+        SensorDesc(key="dry_level", field="x.com.samsung.da.dryLevel", icon="mdi:water-percent"),
+        SensorDesc(key="dry_time", field="x.com.samsung.da.dryTime", icon="mdi:timer"),
+        SensorDesc(key="dryer_type", field="x.com.samsung.da.dryerType", icon="mdi:tumble-dryer"),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="wrinkle_prevent",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.wrinklePrevent",
+            icon="mdi:iron",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=_wrinkle_write,
+        ),
    ),
 )

 # /course/vs/0 -- cycle selection, shared with washer/dishwasher via
-# laundry.cycle_select (options read live from /wm/editcourse/vs/0, written as
-# an RMW on the options array). Course display names live in translations
-# under entity.select.dryer_cycle (Table_03, DV5000-class, captured
-# 2026-05-29). Codes 0x21 and 0x4C appear in the issue #14 DV90BB5245AES1
-# editCourseList but aren't identified yet -- they render as the raw code
-# until named. The /st/dryercourse/vs/0 resource re-encodes the same selected
-# course and is ignored (ignored.py) -- the mirror of how /st/washercourse/vs/0
-# is ignored for washers.
+# laundry.cycle_select. Course display names live in translations under
+# entity.select.dryer_cycle (Table_03, DV5000-class). Codes '01' Normal and
+# '06' Time dry were confirmed on a DVE50A8600V/A3 by selecting each cycle
+# on the appliance and reading back the raw code (issue #80); '51' Eco
+# Cotton, '53' AI Dry+, and '4e' Self Dry the same way on a DV90DG6845LHU5
+# (issue #244). /st/dryercourse/vs/0 re-encodes the same selected course
+# and is ignored (ignored.py), mirroring /st/washercourse/vs/0 for washers.
+#
+# Drum Clean+ maintenance tracking (issue #258) reuses washer.py's
+# DrumCleanProposal_/WashingTimes_/DrumCleanLog_ tokens on this same
+# options[] array -- see laundry.drum_clean_cycles_remaining/
+# drum_clean_last_cleaned. No separate heat-exchanger-clean tracking was
+# found on either dump #258 supplied, so if the app surfaces that reminder,
+# it isn't computed from anything this integration can read locally.
 DRYER_COURSE = Capability(
-    href='/course/vs/0',
+    href="/course/vs/0",
    entities=(
-        cycle_select(translation_key='dryer_cycle', icon='mdi:tumble-dryer',
-                     table_href='/st/dryercourse/vs/0'),
+        cycle_select(
+            translation_key="dryer_cycle",
+            icon="mdi:tumble-dryer",
+            table_href="/st/dryercourse/vs/0",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="drum_clean_cycles_remaining",
+            unit="cycles",
+            icon="mdi:tumble-dryer-alert",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: drum_clean_cycles_remaining(rep) is not None,
+            rep_fn=drum_clean_cycles_remaining,
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="drum_clean_last_cleaned",
+            device_class="timestamp",
+            icon="mdi:calendar-clock",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: drum_clean_last_cleaned(rep) is not None,
+            rep_fn=drum_clean_last_cleaned,
+        ),
    ),
 )

 DRYER_DIAGNOSIS = Capability(
-    href='/diagnosis/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/diagnosis/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='diagnosis', field='x.com.samsung.da.diagnosisStart',
-                   name='Diagnosis', entity_category='diagnostic'),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="diagnosis", field="x.com.samsung.da.diagnosisStart", entity_category="diagnostic"
+        ),
    ),
 )
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+"""Capabilities for the Samsung EHS (Eco Heating System) air-to-water heat
+pump family (TP1X_DA_AC_EHS-class, model TP1X_DA_AC_EHS_01001_0000).
+
+An EHS unit runs two independently-controlled loops off one outdoor unit:
+space heating/cooling ("zone1", through /mode/vs/0, /power/vs/0,
+/temperatures/indoor/vs/0) and domestic hot water ("dhw", through
+/mode/dhw/vs/0, /power/dhw/vs/0, /temperatures/dhw/vs/0). There's no shared
+vocabulary with the room-AC family in airconditioner.py beyond the DA_AC_
+board prefix -- EHS reports its own /mode/*/vs/0 and /temperatures/*/vs/0
+shapes, not airconditioner.py's HREF_MODE/HREF_TEMP* OCF-pattern hrefs.
+
+zone1 has no HA platform with matching semantics (a leaving-water-
+temperature setpoint, not a thermostat with HVAC modes), so it stays
+switch/select/number/sensor -- same shape as dehumidifier.py's power/mode/
+humidity split. dhw is a real HA water_heater.py entity (see DHW below),
+following the same primary-resource-plus-sibling-reads pattern as
+airconditioner.py's CLIMATE/climate.py.
+
+Verified against a real TP1X_DA_AC_EHS_01001_0000 diagnostics dump
+(firmware AEH-WW-TP1-22-AE6000_17260402, TizenRT 3.1 / DAWIT 2.0).
+"""
+
+from ..capability import Capability
+from ..entities import NumberDesc, SelectDesc, SensorDesc, SwitchDesc, WaterHeaterDesc
+from .common import normalize_temp_unit
+
+
+def _num(v):
+    try:
+        return float(v)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return None
+
+
+def _first_mode(rep):
+    """Representative scalar for a mode select -- `modes` is a single-element
+    list on every dump seen, mirroring airconditioner._first_mode."""
+    modes = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.modes")
+    if isinstance(modes, (list, tuple)):
+        return modes[0] if modes else None
+    return modes
+
+
+def _temp_unit(rep):
+    return normalize_temp_unit(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.unit"), "°C")
+
+
+def _bounds(rep, default_min, default_max):
+    """The resource's own (minimum, maximum) pair, or the defaults. Both
+    ends together or neither -- a board reporting only one would otherwise
+    pair a real bound with an invented default, silently wrong."""
+    lo = _num(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.minimum"))
+    hi = _num(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.maximum"))
+    return (lo, hi) if (lo is not None and hi is not None) else (default_min, default_max)
+
+
+def _step(rep, default):
+    """`is None`, not `or` -- `or` collapses a genuine 0 (issue #160)."""
+    step = _num(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.increment"))
+    return default if step is None else step
+
+
+ZONE_POWER = Capability(
+    href="/power/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="zone_power",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.power",
+            icon="mdi:radiator",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["power", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.power": "On" if p == "On" else "Off"},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+ZONE_MODE = Capability(
+    href="/mode/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="zone_mode",
+            rep_fn=_first_mode,
+            icon="mdi:sun-snowflake-variant",
+            options_field="x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["mode", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.modes": [p]},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# type=Water/unit=Celsius on this dump names the space-heating loop's flow/
+# room setpoint, not a literal water temperature -- EHS zone control is
+# leaving-water-temperature-based, same convention as the dhw loop below.
+ZONE_TEMPERATURE = Capability(
+    href="/temperatures/indoor/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="zone_temperature",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.current",
+            device_class="temperature",
+            unit_fn=_temp_unit,
+            state_class="measurement",
+            value_fn=_num,
+        ),
+        NumberDesc(
+            key="zone_target_temperature",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.desired",
+            device_class="temperature",
+            unit_fn=_temp_unit,
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=_num,
+            native_min_fn=lambda rep: _bounds(rep, 5.0, 30.0)[0],
+            native_max_fn=lambda rep: _bounds(rep, 5.0, 30.0)[1],
+            step_fn=lambda rep: _step(rep, 0.5),
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["temperatures", "indoor", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.desired": str(float(p))},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Canonical dhw resource hrefs. water_heater.py binds HREF_DHW_MODE via DHW
+# below and reads the sibling power/temperature hrefs off the coordinator
+# snapshot -- same primary-plus-siblings shape as airconditioner.py's
+# HREF_MODE/CLIMATE_CONSUMED_HREFS.
+HREF_DHW_POWER = "/power/dhw/vs/0"  # on/off
+HREF_DHW_MODE = "/mode/dhw/vs/0"  # primary (bound by DHW) -- current_operation
+HREF_DHW_TEMPERATURE = "/temperatures/dhw/vs/0"  # current/target temperature
+
+DHW_CONSUMED_HREFS = [HREF_DHW_POWER, HREF_DHW_TEMPERATURE]
+
+
+def _dhw_write(payload, rep, href=None):
+    """Map a (kind, value) command from the water_heater platform to the
+    (path_segs, body) for that one sub-write -- same contract as
+    airconditioner._climate_write, across the dhw loop's three resources."""
+    kind, value = payload
+    if kind == "power":
+        return (["power", "dhw", "vs", "0"], {"x.com.samsung.da.power": "On" if value else "Off"})
+    if kind == "mode":
+        return (["mode", "dhw", "vs", "0"], {"x.com.samsung.da.modes": [value]})
+    if kind == "temperature":
+        return (["temperatures", "dhw", "vs", "0"], {"x.com.samsung.da.desired": str(float(value))})
+    return None
+
+
+DHW = Capability(
+    href=HREF_DHW_MODE,
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        WaterHeaterDesc(
+            key="water_heater", translation_key="dhw", rep_fn=_first_mode, write_fn=_dhw_write
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Power and temperature are read by the composite DHW entity above, not
+# given their own entities -- coverage-only caps so discover() reports no
+# gap (see airconditioner.py's CLIMATE_CONSUMED_HREFS).
+DHW_CONSUMED = [Capability(href=h, poll_tier="warm") for h in DHW_CONSUMED_HREFS]
+
+# Deliberately a plain config switch, not water_heater's AWAY_MODE feature.
+# HA core's smartthings integration wires this same Samsung capability up
+# to WaterHeaterEntityFeature.AWAY_MODE, so the divergence is worth
+# stating: /option/outgoing/vs/0 is device-wide (one `away` flag covering
+# zone1 too, with no dhw-scoped sibling href). Hanging it off the DHW card
+# would present a device-wide setting as hot-water-only.
+AWAY_MODE = Capability(
+    href="/option/outgoing/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="away_mode",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.away",
+            icon="mdi:home-export-outline",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["option", "outgoing", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.away": "On" if p == "On" else "Off"},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# EHS-scoped coverage: opaque vendor plumbing or resources with no
+# confirmed write contract on this dump. Not in the global ignored.IGNORED
+# since these are EHS-only shapes needing their own verification elsewhere.
+_EHS_IGNORED = [
+    "/availablecontrolsets/vs/0",  # opaque hex-encoded control-set bitmap (id: EHS)
+    "/da/softreset/vs/0",  # soft-reset trigger plumbing
+    "/diagnosis/vs/0",  # empty {} on this dump
+    "/ehscycle/vs/0",  # opaque hex-encoded indoor/outdoor cycle log
+    "/ehsfsv/vs/0",  # opaque hex-encoded factory setting values
+    "/option/dhwdisplay/vs/0",  # front-panel DHW-display show/hide, cosmetic only
+    "/reserverulesets/vs/0",  # opaque hex-encoded schedule reservation blob
+    "/sac/installationinfo/vs/0",  # static outdoor/indoor installation info, diagnostic only
+    "/actions/zone1/vs/0",  # zone1 schedule/timer program -- unmodeled for now
+    "/actions/dhw/vs/0",  # DHW schedule/timer program -- unmodeled for now
+]
+
+COVERAGE = [Capability(href=h) for h in _EHS_IGNORED]
@@ -19,116 +19,109 @@ here would silently do nothing on that path. Enumerate each known href
 instead; it's a short, stable list.

 This list is maintainer-curated only; there is no per-installation
-override. Grow it as real /device/0 dumps surface more universal noise —
-do not add a href here on a guess. If a href's relevance is unclear, leave
-it unbound so it surfaces as a gap for a human to look at.
+override. Grow it as real /device/0 dumps surface more universal noise --
+never on a guess. If a href's relevance is unclear, leave it unbound so it
+surfaces as a gap for a human to look at.
 """
+
 from ..capability import Capability

 IGNORED: list[Capability] = [
    # Device serial/model is read directly by the coordinator for HA device
    # identity, not modeled as an entity capability.
-    Capability(href='/information/vs/0'),
-
+    Capability(href="/information/vs/0"),
    # Bixby voice assistant: feature negotiation, account provisioning
    # (Samsung account email, access tokens), terms-of-service state, and
    # enable/disable status.
-    Capability(href='/voice/feature/vs/0'),
-    Capability(href='/voice/provisioning/vs/0'),
-    Capability(href='/bixby/vs/0'),
-    Capability(href='/bixby/status/vs/0'),
-    Capability(href='/bixbyuservalidate/vs/0'),
-    Capability(href='/bixbyterms/vs/0'),
-
+    Capability(href="/voice/feature/vs/0"),
+    Capability(href="/voice/provisioning/vs/0"),
+    Capability(href="/bixby/vs/0"),
+    Capability(href="/bixby/status/vs/0"),
+    Capability(href="/bixbyuservalidate/vs/0"),
+    Capability(href="/bixbyterms/vs/0"),
    # Network/WiFi housekeeping — MAC addresses, supported auth/crypto
    # types, no controllable or observable appliance state.
-    Capability(href='/wirelessinfo/vs/0'),
-    Capability(href='/connectionconfig/vs/0'),
-
+    Capability(href="/wirelessinfo/vs/0"),
+    Capability(href="/connectionconfig/vs/0"),
    # Static or internal-protocol metadata, not entity-worthy.
-    Capability(href='/quickcontrol/info/vs/0'),
-    Capability(href='/realtimenotiforclient/vs/0'),
-    Capability(href='/file/information/vs/0'),
-    Capability(href='/configuration/vs/0'),   # region/countryCode
-    Capability(href='/setting/vs/0'),          # supported/selected UI language
-    Capability(href='/timezone/vs/0'),         # redundant with HA's own timezone
-    Capability(href='/wm/setinfo/vs/0'),       # model/manufacturing metadata
-
+    Capability(href="/quickcontrol/info/vs/0"),
+    Capability(href="/realtimenotiforclient/vs/0"),
+    Capability(href="/file/information/vs/0"),
+    Capability(href="/configuration/vs/0"),  # region/countryCode
+    Capability(href="/setting/vs/0"),  # supported/selected UI language
+    Capability(href="/timezone/vs/0"),  # redundant with HA's own timezone
+    Capability(href="/wm/setinfo/vs/0"),  # model/manufacturing metadata
+    # Resource-monitoring poll-interval config (a bare minPeriod in
+    # milliseconds, issue #165's TP1X_REF_21K fridge) -- internal transport
+    # plumbing, not appliance state.
+    Capability(href="/rm/control/vs/0"),
    # Demand Response Load Control — utility-company grid signals; requires
    # cloud registration with a utility program we don't support locally.
-    Capability(href='/drlc/vs/0'),
-
+    Capability(href="/drlc/vs/0"),
    # Redundant with capabilities already declared elsewhere.
    # /speakersound/vs/0 duplicates /settings/sound/volume/vs/0 (laundry.SOUND_VOLUME).
-    Capability(href='/speakersound/vs/0'),
-    # /wm/editcourse/vs/0 has no entities of its own -- x.com.samsung.da.
-    # editCourseList is read directly out of the resource snapshot by
-    # dishwasher.CYCLE_OPTIONS's and washer.WASHER_COURSE's cycle select
-    # (options=_cycle_options) to build that device's actual supported
-    # course list, rather than exposing this href's raw byte string
-    # through its own entity.
-    Capability(href='/wm/editcourse/vs/0'),
-
+    Capability(href="/speakersound/vs/0"),
+    # No entities of its own -- editCourseList is read directly out of the
+    # resource snapshot by dishwasher.CYCLE_OPTIONS/washer.WASHER_COURSE's
+    # cycle selects to build the device's supported course list.
+    Capability(href="/wm/editcourse/vs/0"),
    # Bixby audio feedback (chime + volume played when Bixby starts/stops
    # listening) — only meaningful with Bixby enabled, which this
    # integration has no local path to configure or use.
-    Capability(href='/sec/networkaudio/audio/vs/0'),
-
+    Capability(href="/sec/networkaudio/audio/vs/0"),
    # Static Bespoke-product-line flag, not appliance state.
-    Capability(href='/bespoke/vs/0'),
+    Capability(href="/bespoke/vs/0"),
    # Empty resource on every dump seen so far — nothing to expose.
-    Capability(href='/defrost/prediction/vs/0'),
+    Capability(href="/defrost/prediction/vs/0"),
    # Seasonal defrost schedule (start/period/end per season). Automating
    # this cleanly would need a multi-field schedule editor; the practical
    # on/off control is fridge.DEFROST_DELAY.
-    Capability(href='/defrost/reservation/vs/0'),
+    Capability(href="/defrost/reservation/vs/0"),
    # Warranty/service-plan enrollment status — every field reads "Unknown"
    # on hardware not enrolled in a Samsung Care+ style program.
-    Capability(href='/dginformation/vs/0'),
+    Capability(href="/dginformation/vs/0"),
    # OCF-native vacation-mode flag (fridge). Only one value ('RVACATION_OFF')
    # has ever been seen in `modes` (issue #7's dump) -- no real choice to
    # expose yet. Revisit if a device surfaces it toggled on.
-    Capability(href='/mode/0'),
+    Capability(href="/mode/0"),
    # Opaque integer with no supportedModes/options list to interpret it
    # against — meaning unclear from the raw resource alone.
-    Capability(href='/runningmode/vs/0'),
-
+    Capability(href="/runningmode/vs/0"),
    # Demand-response energy planner — same utility-program dependency as
    # /drlc/vs/0 above; every dump seen so far is inert (plan: 'none').
-    Capability(href='/energy/planner/vs/0'),
+    Capability(href="/energy/planner/vs/0"),
    # Temperature-unit display preference, redundant with HA's own units.
-    Capability(href='/wm/submode/vs/0'),
-
+    Capability(href="/wm/submode/vs/0"),
    # Read-only re-encoding of the course already exposed by
-    # washer.WASHER_COURSE at /course/vs/0 (x.com.samsung.da.st.washerMode
-    # is literally "Table_02_Course_<same hex code>").
-    Capability(href='/st/washercourse/vs/0'),
-    # Dryer counterpart of the above: re-encoding of the course already
-    # exposed by dryer.DRYER_COURSE at /course/vs/0
-    # (x.com.samsung.da.st.dryerMode is "Table_03_Course_<same hex code>").
-    Capability(href='/st/dryercourse/vs/0'),
+    # washer.WASHER_COURSE at /course/vs/0 (same hex code, just prefixed
+    # "Table_02_Course_").
+    Capability(href="/st/washercourse/vs/0"),
+    # Dryer counterpart: re-encodes dryer.DRYER_COURSE's /course/vs/0.
+    Capability(href="/st/dryercourse/vs/0"),
+    # AirDresser counterpart (issue #157): read only for its courseTable id
+    # (air_dresser.AIR_DRESSER_COURSE's table_href), no entity of its own.
+    Capability(href="/st/airdressercourse/vs/0"),
    # Empty on every washer dump seen so far.
-    Capability(href='/wm/welcomemsg/vs/0'),
+    Capability(href="/wm/welcomemsg/vs/0"),
    # User-saved custom course slots (F1-FA). No controllable/observable
    # state without a multi-slot editor; revisit if that becomes valuable.
-    Capability(href='/wm/personalcourse/vs/0'),
+    Capability(href="/wm/personalcourse/vs/0"),
    # OCF-native energy resource is empty ({}) on washer hardware seen so
-    # far, unlike /power/0, /kidslock/0, /remotectrl/0 which do carry real
-    # data -- common.ENERGY_METER on /energy/consumption/vs/0 is the only
-    # real source for this control.
-    Capability(href='/energy/consumption/0'),
+    # far -- common.ENERGY_METER on /energy/consumption/vs/0 is the only
+    # real source.
+    Capability(href="/energy/consumption/0"),
    # Empty ({}) on every washer dump seen so far -- nothing to expose.
-    Capability(href='/cycleinterface/vs/0'),
+    Capability(href="/cycleinterface/vs/0"),
    # OCF-native duplicate of /drlc/vs/0 above -- same utility-program
    # dependency this integration doesn't support locally.
-    Capability(href='/drlc/0'),
-    # OCF-native duplicate of /operational/state/vs/0, which is already
-    # modeled by operational.OPERATIONAL_STATE (a richer, write-capable
-    # capability with start/pause/stop buttons and a delay-start control)
-    # used by washer, dishwasher, dryer, and oven. This generic href only
-    # carries read-only overlapping data (current job state, remaining
-    # time, progress percentage) with no write path -- not worth building a
-    # parallel write-capable capability around an unverified generic OCF
-    # write contract.
-    Capability(href='/operational/state/0'),
+    Capability(href="/drlc/0"),
+    # OCF-native duplicate of /operational/state/vs/0, already modeled by
+    # operational.OPERATIONAL_STATE (richer, write-capable, used by washer,
+    # dishwasher, dryer, oven). This generic href is read-only overlapping
+    # data with no verified write contract worth building around.
+    Capability(href="/operational/state/0"),
+    # Cooktop guided-cooking/recipe status (issue #86): every field
+    # empty/zero on the only dump seen (device idle). Same "don't guess"
+    # treatment as the microwave family's /recipe/cook/vs/0.
+    Capability(href="/cooktop/recipe/status/vs/0"),
 ]
@@ -19,32 +19,35 @@ Resource hrefs seen across laundry dumps:
 Door-LED keys use NO `x.com.samsung.da.` prefix -- `setBrightness` /
 `setNightLight` -- preserved exactly as they appear in the OCF resource rep.
 """
+
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from datetime import time as dt_time

+from ...catalog import has_entity_translation
 from ..capability import Capability
 from ..entities import NumberDesc, SelectDesc, SensorDesc, SwitchDesc, TimeDesc

-_LED_LEVELS = ('Low', 'High')
-_SOUND_MODES = ('voice', 'tone', 'mute')
+_LED_LEVELS = ("Low", "High")
+_SOUND_MODES = ("voice", "tone", "mute")


 def _led_brightness_write(p, rep, href=None):
    if p not in _LED_LEVELS:
        return None
-    return ['doorled', 'light', 'vs', '0'], {'setBrightness': p}
+    return ["doorled", "light", "vs", "0"], {"setBrightness": p}


 def _led_night_write(p, rep, href=None):
-    if p not in ('On', 'Off'):
+    if p not in ("On", "Off"):
        return None
-    return ['doorled', 'light', 'vs', '0'], {'setNightLight': p}
+    return ["doorled", "light", "vs", "0"], {"setNightLight": p}


 def _parse_hm(v):
    if not v:
        return None
    try:
-        h, m = v.split(':')
+        h, m = v.split(":")
        return dt_time(int(h), int(m))
    except Exception:
        return None
@@ -53,66 +56,95 @@ def _parse_hm(v):
 def _sound_mode_write(p, rep, href=None):
    if p not in _SOUND_MODES:
        return None
-    return ['settings', 'sound', 'mode', 'vs', '0'], {'mode': p}
+    return ["settings", "sound", "mode", "vs", "0"], {"mode": p}


 DOOR_LED = Capability(
-    href='/doorled/light/vs/0',
+    href="/doorled/light/vs/0",
    entities=(
-        SelectDesc(key='led_brightness', field='setBrightness',
-                   name='Door LED brightness', icon='mdi:brightness-6',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   options=_LED_LEVELS, write_fn=_led_brightness_write),
-        SwitchDesc(key='led_night_light', field='setNightLight',
-                   name='Door LED night light', icon='mdi:weather-night',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   value_fn=lambda v: v == 'On',
-                   write_fn=_led_night_write),
-        SelectDesc(key='led_night_brightness', field='setNightLightBrightness',
-                   name='Door LED night brightness', icon='mdi:brightness-4',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   options=_LED_LEVELS,
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['doorled', 'light', 'vs', '0'],
-                       {'setNightLightBrightness': p})),
-        TimeDesc(key='led_night_start', field='setNightLightTimeStart',
-                 name='Door LED night start', icon='mdi:clock-start',
-                 entity_category='config',
-                 value_fn=_parse_hm,
-                 write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                     ['doorled', 'light', 'vs', '0'],
-                     {'setNightLightTimeStart': f'{p.hour:02d}:{p.minute:02d}'})),
-        TimeDesc(key='led_night_end', field='setNightLightTimeEnd',
-                 name='Door LED night end', icon='mdi:clock-end',
-                 entity_category='config',
-                 value_fn=_parse_hm,
-                 write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                     ['doorled', 'light', 'vs', '0'],
-                     {'setNightLightTimeEnd': f'{p.hour:02d}:{p.minute:02d}'})),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="led_brightness",
+            field="setBrightness",
+            icon="mdi:brightness-6",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options=_LED_LEVELS,
+            write_fn=_led_brightness_write,
+        ),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="led_night_light",
+            field="setNightLight",
+            icon="mdi:weather-night",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=_led_night_write,
+        ),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="led_night_brightness",
+            field="setNightLightBrightness",
+            icon="mdi:brightness-4",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options=_LED_LEVELS,
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["doorled", "light", "vs", "0"],
+                {"setNightLightBrightness": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+        TimeDesc(
+            key="led_night_start",
+            field="setNightLightTimeStart",
+            icon="mdi:clock-start",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=_parse_hm,
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["doorled", "light", "vs", "0"],
+                {"setNightLightTimeStart": f"{p.hour:02d}:{p.minute:02d}"},
+            ),
+        ),
+        TimeDesc(
+            key="led_night_end",
+            field="setNightLightTimeEnd",
+            icon="mdi:clock-end",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=_parse_hm,
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["doorled", "light", "vs", "0"],
+                {"setNightLightTimeEnd": f"{p.hour:02d}:{p.minute:02d}"},
+            ),
+        ),
    ),
 )

 SOUND_MODE = Capability(
-    href='/settings/sound/mode/vs/0',
+    href="/settings/sound/mode/vs/0",
    entities=(
-        SelectDesc(key='sound_mode', field='mode',
-                   name='Sound mode', icon='mdi:volume-high',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   options=_SOUND_MODES, write_fn=_sound_mode_write),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="sound_mode",
+            field="mode",
+            icon="mdi:volume-high",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options=_SOUND_MODES,
+            write_fn=_sound_mode_write,
+        ),
    ),
 )

 SOUND_VOLUME = Capability(
-    href='/settings/sound/volume/vs/0',
+    href="/settings/sound/volume/vs/0",
    entities=(
-        NumberDesc(key='sound_volume', field='level',
-                   name='Sound volume', icon='mdi:volume-medium',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   native_min=0, native_max=15, step=5,
-                   value_fn=lambda v: int(v) if v is not None else None,
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['settings', 'sound', 'volume', 'vs', '0'],
-                       {'level': str(int(p))})),
+        NumberDesc(
+            key="sound_volume",
+            field="level",
+            icon="mdi:volume-medium",
+            entity_category="config",
+            native_min=0,
+            native_max=15,
+            step=5,
+            value_fn=lambda v: int(v) if v is not None else None,
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["settings", "sound", "volume", "vs", "0"],
+                {"level": str(int(p))},
+            ),
+        ),
    ),
 )

@@ -124,120 +156,136 @@ SOUND_VOLUME = Capability(
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 BUZZER_SOUND = Capability(
-    href='/buzzersound/vs/0',
+    href="/buzzersound/vs/0",
    entities=(
-        SelectDesc(key='buzzer_sound', field='setBuzzerSound',
-                   name='Buzzer sound', icon='mdi:volume-high',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   options_field='supportedBuzzerSound',
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['buzzersound', 'vs', '0'], {'setBuzzerSound': p})),
-        SelectDesc(key='finish_sound', field='setFinishSound',
-                   name='Finish sound', icon='mdi:bell-ring',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: 'supportedFinishSound' in rep,
-                   options_field='supportedFinishSound',
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['buzzersound', 'vs', '0'], {'setFinishSound': p})),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="buzzer_sound",
+            field="setBuzzerSound",
+            icon="mdi:volume-high",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options_field="supportedBuzzerSound",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (["buzzersound", "vs", "0"], {"setBuzzerSound": p}),
+        ),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="finish_sound",
+            field="setFinishSound",
+            icon="mdi:bell-ring",
+            entity_category="config",
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: "supportedFinishSound" in rep,
+            options_field="supportedFinishSound",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (["buzzersound", "vs", "0"], {"setFinishSound": p}),
+        ),
    ),
 )

-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Cycle selection over /course/vs/0.
 #
 # The selected course and every other user-tunable option ride in the
-# x.com.samsung.da.options array on /course/vs/0 as `<Prefix>_<value>` tokens.
-# Confirmed on real hardware (issue #54): a write only needs to carry the one
-# changed token -- `{'x.com.samsung.da.options': ['SoftenerLevelCtrl_2']}` --
-# the device matches by prefix, evicts the stale token, and merges the result
-# into the array itself. No read-modify-write of the whole array needed (see
-# option_write). The set of *selectable* courses is not hardcoded -- it's read
-# live from
-# x.com.samsung.da.editCourseList on /wm/editcourse/vs/0 (cycle_options), so we
-# never show a course a given model doesn't have or hide one it does. Course
-# codes are uppercase hex; display names live in translations under
-# entity.select.<translation_key>.state.<id lowercased> so they can be
-# localized -- every device-enum select in this integration works this way.
-# washer.py's course comment has the byte-level evidence for why the options[]
-# MostUsed_* entry is *not* a trustworthy second source.
+# x.com.samsung.da.options array as `<Prefix>_<value>` tokens. Confirmed on
+# real hardware (issue #54): a write only needs to carry the one changed
+# token -- the device matches by prefix, evicts the stale token, and merges
+# the result itself (see option_write). The set of selectable courses is
+# read live from editCourseList on /wm/editcourse/vs/0 (cycle_options), not
+# hardcoded. Course codes are uppercase hex; display names live in
+# translations under entity.select.<translation_key>.state.<id lowercased>.
 #
 # Some boards populate /wm/editcourse/vs/0 without ever filling in
-# editCourseList itself (issue #1) -- cycle_options() falls back to deriving
-# the same list from /course/vs/0's own supportedOptions in that case; see
-# _course_codes_from_supported_options for the byte-level evidence.
+# editCourseList itself (issue #1) -- cycle_options() falls back to
+# deriving the list from /course/vs/0's own supportedOptions in that case;
+# see _course_codes_from_supported_options.
 #
-# Shared verbatim by washer, dishwasher, and dryer -- all DA_WM_-family boards
-# expose the same /course/vs/0 options contract.
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Shared verbatim by washer, dishwasher, and dryer -- all DA_WM_-family
+# boards expose the same /course/vs/0 options contract.


 def hex_pairs(codes):
    """'1C1D21...' -> ['1C', '1D', '21', ...]."""
-    return [codes[i:i + 2] for i in range(0, len(codes) - 1, 2)]
+    return [codes[i : i + 2] for i in range(0, len(codes) - 1, 2)]


 def parse_edit_course_list(raw):
    """'EditCourseList_1C1D21...' -> ['1C', '1D', '21', ...]."""
-    if not isinstance(raw, str) or '_' not in raw:
+    if not isinstance(raw, str) or "_" not in raw:
        return []
-    return hex_pairs(raw.split('_', 1)[1])
+    return hex_pairs(raw.split("_", 1)[1])


 def cycle_options(resources):
-    rep = resources.get('/wm/editcourse/vs/0') or {}
-    codes = parse_edit_course_list(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.editCourseList'))
+    rep = resources.get("/wm/editcourse/vs/0") or {}
+    codes = parse_edit_course_list(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.editCourseList"))
    if codes:
        return codes
-    return _course_codes_from_supported_options(resources.get('/course/vs/0') or {})
+    return _course_codes_from_supported_options(resources.get("/course/vs/0") or {})


 def option_value(options, prefix):
    """Find `<prefix>_<value>` in the options array and return <value>."""
-    for o in (options or []):
-        if isinstance(o, str) and o.startswith(prefix + '_'):
-            return o.split('_', 1)[1]
+    for o in options or []:
+        if isinstance(o, str) and o.startswith(prefix + "_"):
+            return o.split("_", 1)[1]
    return None


+# Drum Clean+ maintenance tracking, from the same options[] array as the
+# selected course -- shared by washer.py (issue #9) and dryer.py (issue
+# #258), identical DrumCleanProposal_/WashingTimes_/DrumCleanLog_ tokens.
+# DrumCleanProposal_<N> is the cycle interval between recommended cleans;
+# WashingTimes_<N> is the count since the last one -- their difference is
+# the "N cycles until due" figure the app shows (verified: 40 - 3 == 37,
+# matching a live app screenshot).
+def drum_clean_cycles_remaining(rep):
+    opts = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options") or []
+    proposal = option_value(opts, "DrumCleanProposal")
+    washed = option_value(opts, "WashingTimes")
+    if proposal is None or washed is None:
+        return None
+    try:
+        return max(int(proposal) - int(washed), 0)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+
+
+# DrumCleanLog_ is the clean-history field: a washer reports one bare ISO
+# datetime (the last clean); a dryer (issue #258) instead reports a
+# '|'-joined history of every past clean in increasing order. Splitting on
+# '|' and taking the last element handles both shapes identically. No
+# timezone accompanies either shape, so it's treated as UTC.
+def drum_clean_last_cleaned(rep):
+    raw = option_value(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"), "DrumCleanLog")
+    if not raw:
+        return None
+    last = raw.rsplit("|", 1)[-1]
+    try:
+        return datetime.fromisoformat(last).replace(tzinfo=UTC)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+
+
 def _course_codes_from_supported_options(course_rep):
    """Fallback for an empty/missing editCourseList: derive the selectable
-    course list from /course/vs/0's own x.com.samsung.da.supportedOptions
-    instead (issue #1: some DA_WM_TP1/TP2-class boards populate the
-    /wm/editcourse/vs/0 href but never fill in editCourseList itself).
+    course list from /course/vs/0's own supportedOptions instead (issue #1:
+    some boards populate /wm/editcourse/vs/0 but never fill in
+    editCourseList itself).

    supportedOptions is a 1-hex-nibble header followed by one fixed-width
    record per selectable course, self-indexed rather than positional --
-    the first byte of every record is that course's own hex code, just in
-    the firmware's own internal order, not editCourseList's. Confirmed
-    against six independent real-world washer/dryer/dishwasher dumps: every
-    one divides evenly into `header + N * K bytes` with fully unique first
-    bytes across all N records, at the record's true byte width. (What the
-    rest of each record encodes is still unconfirmed -- this only uses the
-    course-code byte.)
+    the first byte of every record is that course's own hex code.
+    Confirmed against six independent real-world dumps: every one divides
+    evenly into `header + N * K bytes` with fully unique first bytes across
+    all N records, at the record's true byte width.

-    Two guards, deliberately conservative rather than guessing further: the
-    derived codes must (a) all be distinct -- a real course table, not
-    noise -- and (b) include whatever course is currently selected
-    (x.com.samsung.da.options' Course_<code> token), which must always be a
-    member of its own device's valid list. If no split satisfies both, this
-    returns [] rather than guess.
+    Two conservative guards rather than guessing further: the derived codes
+    must all be distinct, and must include whatever course is currently
+    selected. If no split satisfies both, this returns [].

-    Among splits that satisfy both, the *smallest* passing K wins, rather
-    than requiring a single unambiguous one -- more than one K reliably
-    does pass on real data (e.g. the shipped dishwasher fixture: true
-    K=7 passes, but so do 10, 14, and 35, none of which are multiples of
-    7 -- position 0 always lands on the same real course code regardless
-    of K, which is enough on its own to satisfy the current-course guard
-    for several unrelated splits). Smallest-K-wins is a heuristic, not a
-    proof: it matches the confirmed answer on every one of six independent
-    real-world dumps this was checked against, but a coincidentally
-    unique, current-course-inclusive *smaller* K is not mathematically
-    impossible on some future device, and would be picked silently. Not
-    guarded against further here, since course tables are typically large
-    enough (double digits) that colliding by chance on both checks is
-    unlikely, and no device seen so far actually needs it.
+    Among splits that satisfy both, the smallest passing K wins -- more
+    than one K reliably passes on real data, and smallest-K-wins matches
+    the confirmed answer on all six dumps checked, though it's a heuristic
+    rather than a proof. Not guarded further: course tables are typically
+    large enough that colliding by chance on both checks is unlikely, and
+    no device seen so far needs it.
    """
-    raw = course_rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.supportedOptions')
+    raw = course_rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.supportedOptions")
    hexstr = raw[0] if isinstance(raw, list) and raw else raw
    if not isinstance(hexstr, str) or len(hexstr) < 3:
        return []
@@ -245,14 +293,14 @@ def _course_codes_from_supported_options(course_rep):
    if len(body) % 2:
        return []
    total_bytes = len(body) // 2
-    current = option_value(course_rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'), 'Course')
+    current = option_value(course_rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"), "Course")
    for k in range(1, total_bytes + 1):
        if total_bytes % k:
            continue
        n = total_bytes // k
        if n < 2:
            continue
-        firsts = [body[i * k * 2:i * k * 2 + 2] for i in range(n)]
+        firsts = [body[i * k * 2 : i * k * 2 + 2] for i in range(n)]
        if len(set(firsts)) != n:
            continue
        if current is not None and current not in firsts:
@@ -263,117 +311,112 @@ def _course_codes_from_supported_options(course_rep):

 def option_write(prefix, new_value):
    """A one-token x.com.samsung.da.options write -- see the module comment
-    above cycle_options for why this doesn't read/rewrite the whole array."""
-    return [f'{prefix}_{new_value}']
+    above for why this doesn't read/rewrite the whole array."""
+    return [f"{prefix}_{new_value}"]


 def cycle_write(p, rep, href=None):
-    if not rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'):
+    if not rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"):
        return None
-    return ['course', 'vs', '0'], {
-        'x.com.samsung.da.options': option_write('Course', p),
+    return ["course", "vs", "0"], {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.options": option_write("Course", p),
    }


 def _table_id(resources, table_href):
    rep = resources.get(table_href) or {}
-    return rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.st.courseTable')
+    return rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.st.courseTable")


 def cycle_select(*, translation_key, icon, table_href=None):
    """A 'Cycle' select over /course/vs/0, labelled from `translation_key`.

-    The option list, current value, and write path are all shared across
-    washer/dryer/dishwasher; only the translation is family- (and, for
-    washer/dryer, board-) specific.
+    The option list, current value, and write path are shared across
+    washer/dryer/dishwasher; only the translation is family/board-specific.

-    table_href (washer/dryer only -- see washer.py/dryer.py's call sites)
-    suffixes translation_key with the device's own course-table id, read
-    from /st/washercourse/vs/0 or /st/dryercourse/vs/0's
-    x.com.samsung.da.st.courseTable (e.g. 'washer_cycle' + 'Table_02' ->
-    'washer_cycle_table_02'). No table id available at all -- the href
-    absent or empty -- gets no translation_key, i.e. the raw course code
-    displayed as-is.
-
-    This matters because course codes are NOT guaranteed consistent across
-    board generations sharing the same /course/vs/0 contract: every code in
-    washer_cycle_table_02 was confirmed against Table_02-reporting devices
-    (DA_WM_TP1/TP2 boards); FlexWash's older DA_WM_A51 board reports
-    Table_00 instead, so the same hex code could mean a different course
-    there for all we've verified. Building the key from whatever table the
-    device actually reports, rather than gating a single hardcoded key on
-    an exact match, means a table we haven't built translations for yet
-    (like Table_00) just falls through Home Assistant's own missing-
-    translation handling to the same raw-code display -- exactly what
-    happens today for any individual code within a table's translations
-    that isn't populated yet -- and adding one later needs new strings.json
-    entries, not a code change here.
+    table_href (washer/dryer only) suffixes translation_key with the
+    device's own course-table id, read from /st/washercourse/vs/0 or
+    /st/dryercourse/vs/0's courseTable (e.g. 'washer_cycle' + 'Table_02' ->
+    'washer_cycle_table_02'). This matters because course codes are NOT
+    guaranteed consistent across board generations sharing the same
+    /course/vs/0 contract: washer_cycle_table_02 was confirmed against
+    Table_02 devices, but FlexWash's older board reports Table_00, where
+    the same hex code could mean a different course. An absent or
+    unrecognized table id falls back to the name-only ``cycle`` key
+    instead of borrowing a label from another board generation --
+    translating a new table is a translations-only change.

    Left at its default for dishwasher, which has no equivalent table-id
-    resource in any dump seen and no evidence its course codes vary by
-    table the way washer/dryer's do -- there's nothing to build a
-    table-specific key from.
+    resource and no evidence its codes vary by table the way washer/
+    dryer's do.
    """
    key = translation_key
    if table_href is not None:
+
        def key(resources):
            table = _table_id(resources, table_href)
-            return f'{translation_key}_{table.lower()}' if table else None
+            if not isinstance(table, str) or not table:
+                return "cycle"
+            candidate = f"{translation_key}_{table.lower()}"
+            return candidate if has_entity_translation("select", candidate) else "cycle"

    return SelectDesc(
-        key='cycle', name='Cycle', icon=icon, translation_key=key,
+        key="cycle",
+        icon=icon,
+        translation_key=key,
        options=cycle_options,
        exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: bool(cycle_options(resources)),
-        rep_fn=lambda rep: option_value(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'), 'Course'),
+        rep_fn=lambda rep: option_value(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"), "Course"),
        write_fn=cycle_write,
    )


-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Plain boolean toggles over /course/vs/0's options[] array: a
-# '<prefix>_On'/'<prefix>_Off' token, read-modify-written the same way as
-# the 'Course' token above. Shared by washer (bubble soak, pre-wash,
-# intensive -- issue #22) and dishwasher (storm wash, auto release dry) --
-# both families ride this exact contract, just with different prefixes and
-# different presence/validation needs on top.
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# '<prefix>_On'/'<prefix>_Off' token, merged the same way as the 'Course'
+# token above. Shared by washer (bubble soak, pre-wash, intensive -- issue
+# #22) and dishwasher (storm wash, auto release dry), just with different
+# prefixes and presence/validation needs on top.


 def bool_option_write(prefix):
    def write(p, rep, href=None):
-        if p not in ('On', 'Off'):
+        if p not in ("On", "Off"):
            return None
-        if not rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'):
+        if not rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"):
            return None
-        return ['course', 'vs', '0'], {
-            'x.com.samsung.da.options': option_write(prefix, p),
+        return ["course", "vs", "0"], {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.options": option_write(prefix, p),
        }
+
    return write


 def bool_option_value(prefix):
-    return lambda rep: option_value(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'), prefix) == 'On'
+    return lambda rep: option_value(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"), prefix) == "On"


 def bool_option_exists(prefix):
-    return lambda rep, resources: option_value(
-        rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'), prefix) is not None
+    return lambda rep, resources: (
+        option_value(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"), prefix) is not None
+    )


-def bool_option_switch(key, name, icon, prefix, *, entity_category=None,
-                        gate_on_presence=False, validate_fn=None):
+def bool_option_switch(
+    key, icon, prefix, *, entity_category=None, gate_on_presence=False, validate_fn=None
+):
    """A SwitchDesc over a '<prefix>_On'/'<prefix>_Off' options[] token.

    gate_on_presence self-gates the entity off on models that never report
-    the token at all (washer's bubble soak/pre-wash/intensive); leave False
-    for a toggle every device in the family reports (dishwasher's storm
-    wash). validate_fn is passed straight through to SwitchDesc for callers
-    that need to reject a write against live device state (e.g. washer's
-    per-course availability check) -- this factory has no opinion on it and
-    building one, if needed, is the caller's job.
+    the token (washer's bubble soak/pre-wash/intensive); leave False for a
+    toggle every device in the family reports (dishwasher's storm wash).
+    validate_fn passes straight through to SwitchDesc for callers that need
+    to reject a write against live state -- this factory has no opinion on
+    it.
    """
    return SwitchDesc(
-        key=key, name=name, icon=icon, entity_category=entity_category,
+        key=key,
+        icon=icon,
+        entity_category=entity_category,
        exists_fn=bool_option_exists(prefix) if gate_on_presence else None,
        rep_fn=bool_option_value(prefix),
        write_fn=bool_option_write(prefix),
@@ -381,22 +424,20 @@ def bool_option_switch(key, name, icon, prefix, *, entity_category=None,
    )


-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # /wm/jobbeginingstatus/vs/0 -- the "why did the cycle not start" reason
-# (e.g. door open, no water). The vendor field is x.com.samsung.da.currentStatus
-# on every laundry dump that populates it (washer + DA_WM_TP1 dryer). An
-# earlier dryer descriptor read x.com.samsung.da.jobBeginingStatus, but no dump
-# ever carried that field, so the dryer sensor was always blank -- fixed by
-# sharing this one reader.
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# (e.g. door open, no water), x.com.samsung.da.currentStatus on every dump
+# that populates it. An earlier dryer descriptor read
+# x.com.samsung.da.jobBeginingStatus instead, which no dump ever carried,
+# so the dryer sensor was always blank -- fixed by sharing this one reader.

 JOB_BEGINNING_STATUS = Capability(
-    href='/wm/jobbeginingstatus/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/wm/jobbeginingstatus/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='job_beginning_status',
-                   field='x.com.samsung.da.currentStatus',
-                   name='Job beginning status',
-                   entity_category='diagnostic'),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="job_beginning_status",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.currentStatus",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
    ),
 )
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+"""Capabilities for the Samsung microwave family (TP1X_DA-KS-MICROWAVE-*
+class boards, both combi units and plain microwaves).
+
+Shares the oven board family's cavity/cook-cycle resource shape
+(`/operational/state/vs/0`, `/doors/vs/0`, `/connected/vs/0`,
+`/recipe/cook/vs/0`) -- those Capability objects are reused directly from
+oven.py in by_type/microwave.py rather than duplicated. What's genuinely
+different from an oven, and defined fresh here:
+
+  * Cooking-mode vocabulary: MicroWave/MicroWaveGrill/MicroWaveConvection/
+    KeepWarm never appear on an oven's /mode/vs/0, and some shared-sounding
+    modes are spelled differently (e.g. 'AirFryer', not oven.py's
+    'AirFry') -- a distinct SelectDesc and mode list, not oven.OVEN_MODE.
+  * Setpoint bounds: this family's Convection/MicroWaveConvection modeSpec
+    (issue #121) reports 40-200°C / step 5, not oven.py's 30-270°C range.
+  * Cavity: /oven/vs/0 here also carries a `powerLevel` field (100W-900W)
+    that plain ovens don't report -- exposed as its own sensor.
+  * Lamp: this family's option-array token is bare 'Lamp' (issue #137), not
+    oven.py's 'UpperLamp', and genuinely absent on the combi dump (issue
+    #121), so it's exists_fn-gated rather than assumed universal. 'On' has
+    never been observed as a value; the only confirmed non-Off token is
+    'High' (issue #152) -- the switch treats any non-Off/non-None value as
+    "on" for reads and writes back 'High'/'Off'.
+  * Filter reminder / end signal reminder: bare 'FilterRemind'/'RemindBeep'
+    option-array tokens (issue #181), gated with exists_fn like Lamp since
+    the MW7300B combi dump has neither.
+
+Cooking-mode writes are unproven here, same caveat as oven.py's OVEN_MODE
+-- exposed as a SelectDesc for fidelity, first real-world write is the test.
+"""
+
+from ..capability import Capability
+from ..entities import NumberDesc, SelectDesc, SensorDesc, SwitchDesc
+from .common import int_or_none, normalize_temp_unit
+from .laundry import option_value, option_write
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Constants
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Union of every mode seen across the two known dumps (issues #121, #137).
+# No dump has shown every mode below on one device -- the select surfaces
+# whatever a given board's own supportedModes reports; an entry here a
+# device never sends just never gets picked.
+_MICROWAVE_MODES = (
+    "NoOperation",
+    "MicroWave",
+    "MicroWaveGrill",
+    "MicroWaveConvection",
+    "Convection",
+    "AirFryer",
+    "Grill",
+    "Autocook",
+    "AutocookCustom",
+    "Deodorization",
+    "KeepWarm",
+)
+
+# Convection/MicroWaveConvection modeSpec on issue #121's dump: 40-200°C,
+# step 5. No Fahrenheit dump exists for this family, unlike oven.py's own
+# independently-verified F bounds, so this module only exposes the
+# setpoint control when the live unit is Celsius (see _microwave_temp_unit).
+SETPOINT_MIN_C = 40
+SETPOINT_MAX_C = 200
+SETPOINT_STEP_C = 5
+
+
+def _microwave_temp_unit(rep):
+    """Same shape as oven.py's _oven_temp_unit. Both known dumps report
+    'Celsius'; kept live rather than hardcoded (issue #7)."""
+    items = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.items") or []
+    unit = items[0].get("x.com.samsung.da.unit") if items else None
+    return normalize_temp_unit(unit, default="°C")
+
+
+def _setpoint_write(p, rep, href=None):
+    """RMW write to /temperatures/vs/0 items array -- unproven for this
+    family, same "exposed for fidelity" caveat as the mode select."""
+    try:
+        temp = float(p)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return None
+    temp_i = int(round(temp / SETPOINT_STEP_C) * SETPOINT_STEP_C)
+    if not (SETPOINT_MIN_C <= temp_i <= SETPOINT_MAX_C):
+        return None
+    items = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.items")
+    if not items:
+        return None
+    items = [dict(it) for it in items]
+    items[0]["x.com.samsung.da.desired"] = str(temp_i)
+    return ["temperatures", "vs", "0"], {"x.com.samsung.da.items": items}
+
+
+def _power_level_watts(v):
+    """'100W'..'900W' (issue #121) or a bare '0' (issue #137) -> int watts."""
+    if v is None:
+        return None
+    s = str(v).strip()
+    if s.upper().endswith("W"):
+        s = s[:-1]
+    return int_or_none(s)
+
+
+def _cooking_mode_options(resources):
+    """Live mode list from the device's own supportedModes when reported
+    (both known dumps do); the union-of-all-dumps _MICROWAVE_MODES guess
+    otherwise. Same live-first, static-fallback pattern as
+    oven._oven_mode_options -- a fixed list would offer modes a unit
+    doesn't have (issue #152 reports only 4 of _MICROWAVE_MODES' 11)."""
+    rep = resources.get("/mode/vs/0") or {}
+    live = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes")
+    return list(live) if live else list(_MICROWAVE_MODES)
+
+
+def _mode_write(p, rep, href=None):
+    valid = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes") or _MICROWAVE_MODES
+    if p not in valid:
+        return None
+    return ["mode", "vs", "0"], {"x.com.samsung.da.modes": [p]}
+
+
+def _sound_write(p, rep, href=None):
+    if p not in ("On", "Off"):
+        return None
+    if not rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"):
+        return None
+    return ["mode", "vs", "0"], {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.options": option_write("Sound", p),
+    }
+
+
+def _lamp_exists(rep, resources):
+    return option_value(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"), "Lamp") is not None
+
+
+def _filter_remind_exists(rep, resources):
+    return option_value(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"), "FilterRemind") is not None
+
+
+def _remind_beep_exists(rep, resources):
+    return option_value(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"), "RemindBeep") is not None
+
+
+def _lamp_write(p, rep, href=None):
+    if p not in ("On", "Off"):
+        return None
+    if not rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"):
+        return None
+    # 'High'/'Off' are the two confirmed tokens (see module docstring);
+    # 'On' has never been observed and likely isn't recognized.
+    token = "High" if p == "On" else "Off"
+    return ["mode", "vs", "0"], {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.options": option_write("Lamp", token),
+    }
+
+
+def _filter_remind_write(p, rep, href=None):
+    if p not in ("On", "Off"):
+        return None
+    if not rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"):
+        return None
+    return ["mode", "vs", "0"], {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.options": option_write("FilterRemind", p),
+    }
+
+
+def _remind_beep_write(p, rep, href=None):
+    if p not in ("On", "Off"):
+        return None
+    if not rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"):
+        return None
+    return ["mode", "vs", "0"], {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.options": option_write("RemindBeep", p),
+    }
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Capabilities
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MICROWAVE_CAVITY = Capability(
+    href="/oven/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(key="cavity_state", field="x.com.samsung.da.state"),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="power_level",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.powerLevel",
+            unit="W",
+            value_fn=_power_level_watts,
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+MICROWAVE_SETPOINT = Capability(
+    href="/temperatures/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
+    entities=(
+        NumberDesc(
+            key="setpoint",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+            device_class="temperature",
+            unit_fn=_microwave_temp_unit,
+            native_min=float(SETPOINT_MIN_C),
+            native_max=float(SETPOINT_MAX_C),
+            step=float(SETPOINT_STEP_C),
+            icon="mdi:thermometer-chevron-up",
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: _microwave_temp_unit(rep) == "°C",
+            value_fn=lambda items: int_or_none(
+                items[0].get("x.com.samsung.da.desired") if items else None
+            ),
+            write_fn=_setpoint_write,
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="current_temp_c",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+            device_class="temperature",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            unit_fn=_microwave_temp_unit,
+            value_fn=lambda items: int_or_none(
+                items[0].get("x.com.samsung.da.current") if items else None
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+MICROWAVE_MODE = Capability(
+    href="/mode/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        # SelectDesc first — test_microwave_mode_options_nonempty uses entities[0]
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="cooking_mode",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.modes",
+            icon="mdi:tune",
+            options=_cooking_mode_options,
+            value_fn=lambda v: v[0] if v else None,
+            write_fn=_mode_write,
+        ),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="sound",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.options",
+            icon="mdi:volume-high",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda opts: option_value(opts, "Sound") == "On",
+            write_fn=_sound_write,
+        ),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="lamp",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.options",
+            icon="mdi:track-light",
+            exists_fn=_lamp_exists,
+            value_fn=lambda opts: option_value(opts, "Lamp") not in (None, "Off"),
+            write_fn=_lamp_write,
+        ),
+        # issue #181: Filter Reminder / End Signal Reminder toggles, only on
+        # boards carrying the FilterRemind_*/RemindBeep_* tokens; gated off
+        # elsewhere (the MW7300B combi dump has neither).
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="filter_remind",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.options",
+            icon="mdi:air-filter",
+            entity_category="config",
+            exists_fn=_filter_remind_exists,
+            value_fn=lambda opts: option_value(opts, "FilterRemind") == "On",
+            write_fn=_filter_remind_write,
+        ),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="remind_beep",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.options",
+            icon="mdi:bell-ring",
+            entity_category="config",
+            exists_fn=_remind_beep_exists,
+            value_fn=lambda opts: option_value(opts, "RemindBeep") == "On",
+            write_fn=_remind_beep_write,
+        ),
+    ),
+)
@@ -2,14 +2,21 @@

 Shared by dryer/dishwasher/oven/washer families.
 """
-from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta
+
+import math
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta

 from ..capability import Capability
 from ..entities import BinarySensorDesc, ButtonDesc, NumberDesc, SensorDesc

 _SAMSUNG_STATE_TO_OCF = {
-    'Ready': 'idle', 'Run': 'active', 'Running': 'active',
-    'Pause': 'pause', 'Paused': 'pause', 'End': 'idle', 'Stop': 'idle',
+    "Ready": "idle",
+    "Run": "active",
+    "Running": "active",
+    "Pause": "pause",
+    "Paused": "pause",
+    "End": "idle",
+    "Stop": "idle",
 }


@@ -18,7 +25,7 @@ def _to_ocf(v):


 def _progress(v):
-    return 'Idle' if v in (None, 'None') else v
+    return "Idle" if v in (None, "None") else v


 def _int(v):
@@ -28,23 +35,47 @@ def _int(v):
        return None


+def _is_active(rep):
+    """Check if appliance is actively running and cycle is not finished."""
+    return (
+        _SAMSUNG_STATE_TO_OCF.get(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.state")) == "active"
+        and rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.progress") != "Finish"
+    )
+
+
+def _remaining_seconds(raw):
+    """'HH:MM:SS' (or 'MM:SS') -> total seconds, or None."""
+    if not isinstance(raw, str):
+        return None
+    try:
+        parts = [int(p) for p in raw.split(":")]
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        return None
+
+    if len(parts) == 3:
+        h, m, s = parts
+    elif len(parts) == 2:
+        h, m, s = 0, *parts
+    else:
+        return None
+
+    return h * 3600 + m * 60 + s
+
+
 def _delay_hours(v):
    """delayStartTime is a duration until the cycle starts, not a
    wall-clock time -- "01:00" means "1 hour from when you press start",
    not "1 AM"."""
-    if not v:
-        return 0.0
-    try:
-        h, m, s = v.split(':')
-        return int(h) + int(m) / 60 + int(s) / 3600
-    except Exception:
-        return None
+    total_seconds = _remaining_seconds(v)
+    if total_seconds is None:
+        return 0.0 if not v else None
+    return total_seconds / 3600.0


 def _format_delay(hours):
    total_minutes = round(max(float(hours), 0) * 60)
    h, m = divmod(total_minutes, 60)
-    return f'{h}:{m:02d}:00'
+    return f"{h}:{m:02d}:00"


 def _delay_field(rep):
@@ -53,95 +84,150 @@ def _delay_field(rep):
    wall-clock time -- see _delay_hours). Write back whichever key the
    device itself is using; default to delayStartTime for hardware that
    reports neither yet (matches prior behavior)."""
-    return ('x.com.samsung.da.delayEndTime' if 'x.com.samsung.da.delayEndTime' in rep
-            else 'x.com.samsung.da.delayStartTime')
+    return (
+        "x.com.samsung.da.delayEndTime"
+        if "x.com.samsung.da.delayEndTime" in rep
+        else "x.com.samsung.da.delayStartTime"
+    )


-def _finish_time(remaining_str):
-    if not remaining_str:
+def _finish_time(rep):
+    if not _is_active(rep):
        return None
-    try:
-        h, m, s = remaining_str.split(':')
-        total_s = int(h) * 3600 + int(m) * 60 + int(s)
-        if total_s == 0:
-            return None
-        return datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(seconds=total_s)
-    except Exception:
+    total_s = _remaining_seconds(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.remainingTime"))
+    if not total_s:
        return None
+    # Round to whole minutes -- remainingTime itself only has minute
+    # resolution, but datetime.now()'s fresh seconds/microseconds would
+    # otherwise change the result on nearly every poll, flooding the
+    # recorder with values that look identical once the UI rounds them.
+    finish = datetime.now(UTC) + timedelta(seconds=total_s)
+    return finish.replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+
+
+def _completion_minutes(rep):
+    """Parse remaining time into minutes directly from device payload."""
+    raw = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.remainingTime") or rep.get("remainingTime")
+    total_s = _remaining_seconds(raw)
+    if total_s is None:
+        return None
+
+    # Avoid the firmware bug where it freezes at 1 minute post-cycle
+    if rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.progress") == "Finish":
+        return 0
+
+    return math.ceil(total_s / 60)


 # Shared by dryer/dishwasher/oven/washer -- oven.py imports this directly
 # rather than keeping its own copy, since both wrote the identical
 # state='Ready' RMW.
-STOP_BUTTON = ButtonDesc(key='stop', field='', name='Stop', payload='Ready',
-                         icon='mdi:stop',
-                         write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                             ['operational', 'state', 'vs', '0'],
-                             {'x.com.samsung.da.state': p}))
+STOP_BUTTON = ButtonDesc(
+    key="stop",
+    field="",
+    payload="Ready",
+    icon="mdi:stop",
+    write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+        ["operational", "state", "vs", "0"],
+        {"x.com.samsung.da.state": p},
+    ),
+)

 OPERATIONAL_STATE = Capability(
-    href='/operational/state/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='hot',
+    href="/operational/state/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='machine_state', field='x.com.samsung.da.state',
-                   name='Machine state', device_class='enum',
-                   options=('idle', 'active', 'pause'),
-                   translation_key='machine_state', value_fn=_to_ocf),
-        # cycle_active is a bool derived from machine_state; used by the
-        # adapter to gate oven writes (cycle_active_field='cycle_active').
-        # Harmless for non-oven appliances — just an extra bool in state.
-        # Samsung firmware keeps state='Run' after progress reaches 'Finish',
-        # so we also gate on progress to avoid a stuck 'Running' indication.
-        # Named 'Running' rather than 'Cycle active' -- this href (and the
-        # start/pause/stop buttons below) is shared across the dryer/
-        # dishwasher/oven/washer families, and 'cycle' is laundry-specific
-        # vocabulary that doesn't fit an oven's bake/roast/etc.
-        BinarySensorDesc(key='cycle_active', device_class='running',
-                         name='Running',
-                         rep_fn=lambda rep: (
-                             _SAMSUNG_STATE_TO_OCF.get(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.state')) == 'active'
-                             and rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.progress') != 'Finish'
-                         )),
-        SensorDesc(key='progress', name='Progress', icon='mdi:progress-wrench',
-                   rep_fn=lambda rep: (
-                       'Idle' if _SAMSUNG_STATE_TO_OCF.get(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.state')) != 'active'
-                       else _progress(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.progress'))
-                   )),
-        SensorDesc(key='progress_percentage',
-                   name='Progress percent', unit='%', state_class='measurement',
-                   rep_fn=lambda rep: (
-                       0 if _SAMSUNG_STATE_TO_OCF.get(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.state')) != 'active'
-                       else _int(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.progressPercentage'))
-                   )),
-        # Only show finish time when machine is actively running. Samsung
-        # firmware leaves a stale remainingTime after a cycle ends, and
-        # freezes it at '00:01:00' when progress reaches 'Finish'.
-        SensorDesc(key='finish_time', device_class='timestamp',
-                   name='Estimated finish',
-                   rep_fn=lambda rep: (
-                       None if _SAMSUNG_STATE_TO_OCF.get(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.state')) != 'active'
-                            or rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.progress') == 'Finish'
-                       else _finish_time(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.remainingTime'))
-                   )),
-        NumberDesc(key='delay_start_hours', name='Delay start', icon='mdi:timer-plus-outline',
-                   device_class='duration', unit='h',
-                   native_min=0, native_max=24, step=1,
-                   rep_fn=lambda rep: _delay_hours(
-                       rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.delayStartTime')
-                       or rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.delayEndTime')),
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['operational', 'state', 'vs', '0'],
-                       {_delay_field(rep): _format_delay(p)})),
-        ButtonDesc(key='start', field='', name='Start', payload='Run',
-                   icon='mdi:play',
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['operational', 'state', 'vs', '0'],
-                       {'x.com.samsung.da.state': p})),
-        ButtonDesc(key='pause', field='', name='Pause', payload='Pause',
-                   icon='mdi:pause',
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['operational', 'state', 'vs', '0'],
-                       {'x.com.samsung.da.state': p})),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="machine_state",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.state",
+            device_class="enum",
+            options=("idle", "active", "pause"),
+            translation_key="machine_state",
+            value_fn=_to_ocf,
+        ),
+        # cycle_active is a bool derived from machine_state, gated on
+        # progress too since firmware keeps state='Run' after progress
+        # reaches 'Finish' (a stuck 'Running' indication otherwise). Named
+        # 'Running' in the catalog, not 'Cycle active' -- this href is
+        # shared with oven, and 'cycle' is laundry-specific vocabulary.
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="cycle_active",
+            device_class="running",
+            rep_fn=lambda rep: (
+                _SAMSUNG_STATE_TO_OCF.get(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.state")) == "active"
+                and rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.progress") != "Finish"
+            ),
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="progress",
+            icon="mdi:progress-wrench",
+            rep_fn=lambda rep: (
+                "Idle"
+                if _SAMSUNG_STATE_TO_OCF.get(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.state")) != "active"
+                else _progress(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.progress"))
+            ),
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="progress_percentage",
+            unit="%",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            rep_fn=lambda rep: (
+                0
+                if _SAMSUNG_STATE_TO_OCF.get(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.state")) != "active"
+                else _int(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.progressPercentage"))
+            ),
+        ),
+        # Only show finish time while actively running -- firmware leaves a
+        # stale remainingTime after a cycle ends, frozen at '00:01:00'.
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="finish_time", device_class="timestamp", hysteresis=True, rep_fn=_finish_time
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="completion_minutes",
+            icon="mdi:clock-outline",
+            unit="min",
+            device_class="duration",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: _completion_minutes(rep) is not None,
+            rep_fn=_completion_minutes,
+        ),
+        NumberDesc(
+            key="delay_start_hours",
+            icon="mdi:timer-plus-outline",
+            device_class="duration",
+            unit="h",
+            native_min=0,
+            native_max=24,
+            step=1,
+            rep_fn=lambda rep: _delay_hours(
+                rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.delayStartTime")
+                or rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.delayEndTime")
+            ),
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["operational", "state", "vs", "0"],
+                {_delay_field(rep): _format_delay(p)},
+            ),
+        ),
+        ButtonDesc(
+            key="start",
+            field="",
+            payload="Run",
+            icon="mdi:play",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["operational", "state", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.state": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+        ButtonDesc(
+            key="pause",
+            field="",
+            payload="Pause",
+            icon="mdi:pause",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["operational", "state", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.state": p},
+            ),
+        ),
        STOP_BUTTON,
    ),
 )
@@ -1,32 +1,31 @@
 """Capabilities for the oven family (Samsung NV7000BS-class).

-Resources verified against the live device via DTLS-CoAP.
-See `local-tools/comparisons/oven-tree.md` for the full field reference.
+Resources verified against the live device via DTLS-CoAP. See
+`local-tools/comparisons/oven-tree.md` for the full field reference.

-Write surfaces this module exposes:
+Proven write: lamp, via /mode/vs/0 options RMW, works even with Remote
+Control off. Unproven (first HA use is also the test): sound/fastPreheat/
+naturalSteam (same RMW pattern), setpoint via /temperatures/vs/0 items RMW,
+cook time via /operational/state/vs/0's operationTime/remainingTime, mode
+select via /mode/vs/0.modes (mid-cook acceptance unknown), stop via
+state='Ready'.

-  proven:
-    * Lamp via /mode/vs/0 options RMW (probe_oven_lamp_toggle.py)
-      — works even with Remote Control off.
-
-  unproven (first HA use is also the test):
-    * Sound, FastPreheat, NaturalSteam — same RMW pattern as lamp.
-    * Setpoint via /temperatures/vs/0 items RMW.
-    * Cook time via /operational/state/vs/0 operationTime/remainingTime.
-    * Mode select via /mode/vs/0 .modes — mid-cook acceptance unknown.
-    * Stop via /operational/state/vs/0 state='Ready'.
-
-Note: Cycle start is not implemented. Reverse-engineering shows local-OCF
-cycle start is not reproducible on this firmware (see project_oven_remote
-_start_open.md). Mode writes are also unreliable — the oven rolls them back
-once a cycle is active. OVEN_MODE is provided as a SelectDesc for fidelity
-but is effectively read-only in practice.
+Cycle start is not implemented: local-OCF cycle start isn't reproducible on
+this firmware. Mode writes are also unreliable -- the oven rolls them back
+once a cycle is active, so OVEN_MODE's SelectDesc is effectively read-only
+in practice.
 """
-from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta

+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+
+from ..batch import is_stub_rep
 from ..capability import Capability
 from ..entities import (
-    BinarySensorDesc, NumberDesc, SelectDesc, SensorDesc, SwitchDesc,
+    BinarySensorDesc,
+    NumberDesc,
+    SelectDesc,
+    SensorDesc,
+    SwitchDesc,
 )
 from .common import normalize_temp_unit
 from .operational import STOP_BUTTON
@@ -39,39 +38,39 @@ SETPOINT_MIN_C = 30
 SETPOINT_MAX_C = 270
 SETPOINT_STEP_C = 5

-# Verified against issue #44's range dump (NSI6DG9100SRAA, unit reported as
-# "Fahrenheit" on /temperatures/vs/0): Bake mode's modeSpec on /mode/vs/0
-# reports tempMinF/tempMaxF/tempIntervalF = 175/550/5. Kept as a separate
-# constant set rather than converted from the Celsius bounds above, which
-# are themselves unverified (no live dump; see module docstring).
+# Verified against issue #44's range dump: Bake mode's modeSpec reports
+# tempMinF/tempMaxF/tempIntervalF = 175/550/5. Kept separate rather than
+# converted from the Celsius bounds above, which are themselves unverified.
 SETPOINT_MIN_F = 175
 SETPOINT_MAX_F = 550
 SETPOINT_STEP_F = 5

-# Mode options seen on NV7000BS-class. No dump exists so this list is inferred
-# from Samsung documentation and firmware observations. The firmware will
-# reject unknown modes; missing entries here are a coverage gap, not a bug.
+# Mode options seen on NV7000BS-class. No dump exists so this list is
+# inferred from Samsung documentation and firmware observations; the
+# firmware rejects unknown modes, so a missing entry is a coverage gap, not
+# a bug. Fallback only, used when a device's own /mode/vs/0 doesn't report
+# supportedModes at all -- see _oven_mode_options/_oven_mode_write below.
 _OVEN_MODES = (
-    'NoOperation',
-    'Bake',
-    'Broil',
-    'Convection',
-    'ConvectionBake',
-    'ConvectionBroil',
-    'FrozenPizzaPlus',
-    'SlowCook',
-    'PlateWarm',
-    'AirFry',
+    "NoOperation",
+    "Bake",
+    "Broil",
+    "Convection",
+    "ConvectionBake",
+    "ConvectionBroil",
+    "FrozenPizzaPlus",
+    "SlowCook",
+    "PlateWarm",
+    "AirFry",
 )

 _SAMSUNG_STATE_TO_OCF = {
-    'Ready':   'idle',
-    'Run':     'active',
-    'Running': 'active',
-    'Pause':   'pause',
-    'Paused':  'pause',
-    'End':     'idle',
-    'Stop':    'idle',
+    "Ready": "idle",
+    "Run": "active",
+    "Running": "active",
+    "Pause": "pause",
+    "Paused": "pause",
+    "End": "idle",
+    "Stop": "idle",
 }


@@ -90,11 +89,11 @@ def _finish_time(remaining_str):
    if not remaining_str:
        return None
    try:
-        h, m, s = remaining_str.split(':')
+        h, m, s = remaining_str.split(":")
        total_s = int(h) * 3600 + int(m) * 60 + int(s)
        if total_s == 0:
            return None
-        return datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(seconds=total_s)
+        return datetime.now(UTC) + timedelta(seconds=total_s)
    except Exception:
        return None

@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ def _op_minutes(op_time):
    if not op_time:
        return None
    try:
-        h, m, s = op_time.split(':')
+        h, m, s = op_time.split(":")
        return int(h) * 60 + int(m) + (1 if int(s) > 0 else 0)
    except Exception:
        return None
@@ -114,31 +113,49 @@ def _op_minutes(op_time):
 # Options-array helpers (shared by lamp, sound, fastpreheat, naturalsteam)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

+
 def _option_value(options, prefix):
    """Find `<prefix>_<value>` in an options array and return <value>."""
-    for o in (options or []):
-        if isinstance(o, str) and o.startswith(prefix + '_'):
-            return o.split('_', 1)[1]
+    for o in options or []:
+        if isinstance(o, str) and o.startswith(prefix + "_"):
+            return o.split("_", 1)[1]
    return None


+def _has_option(prefix):
+    """exists_fn for an options-array switch: bind only when the device's
+    own options[] actually carries a `<prefix>_<value>` token.
+
+    fast_preheat/natural_steam were shipped unconditionally (no exists_fn)
+    as an unverified guess -- issue #183's dump reports neither token in
+    its options[] at all, so both switches were phantom controls that
+    "don't appear to do anything."
+
+    `is_stub_rep(rep) or` keeps the same stub carve-out as cooktop.py's
+    identical exists_fn: a stub /device/0 seed rep has no options[] at all,
+    and without this a genuinely-present token would never get a first
+    chance to bind.
+    """
+    return lambda rep, resources: (
+        is_stub_rep(rep) or _option_value(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"), prefix) is not None
+    )
+
+
 def _option_write(prefix, new_value):
    """A one-token x.com.samsung.da.options write, mirroring
    laundry.option_write. NOT independently confirmed on an oven -- issue
-    #54 only confirmed prefix-merge-on-write for a washer's /course/vs/0.
-    This extrapolates that same vendor field/contract to the oven's
-    /mode/vs/0, on the assumption the firmware handles the array the same
-    way there. If that assumption is wrong for some oven, a device that
-    replaces the field outright instead of merging would drop every other
-    option in it (Sound/fastpreheat/etc.) on the next write -- revisit if a
-    real device report surfaces that."""
-    return [f'{prefix}_{new_value}']
+    #54 only confirmed prefix-merge-on-write for a washer's /course/vs/0;
+    this extrapolates the same contract here. If some oven replaces the
+    field outright instead of merging, this would drop every other option
+    on the next write -- revisit if a real device report surfaces that."""
+    return [f"{prefix}_{new_value}"]


 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Write functions
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

+
 def _oven_setpoint_write(p, rep, href=None):
    """RMW write to /temperatures/vs/0 items array."""
    try:
@@ -149,74 +166,63 @@ def _oven_setpoint_write(p, rep, href=None):
    temp_i = int(round(temp / step_v) * step_v)
    if not (min_v <= temp_i <= max_v):
        return None
-    items = rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.items')
+    items = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.items")
    if not items:
        return None
    items = [dict(it) for it in items]
-    items[0]['x.com.samsung.da.desired'] = str(temp_i)
-    return ['temperatures', 'vs', '0'], {'x.com.samsung.da.items': items}
+    items[0]["x.com.samsung.da.desired"] = str(temp_i)
+    return ["temperatures", "vs", "0"], {"x.com.samsung.da.items": items}


 def _cook_time_write(p, rep, href=None):
    """Write operationTime + remainingTime (H:MM:SS) from minutes."""
    try:
-        minutes = int(round(float(p)))
+        minutes = round(float(p))
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        return None
    if not (0 <= minutes <= 1439):
        return None
    h, m = divmod(minutes, 60)
    hms = f"{h:02d}:{m:02d}:00"
-    return ['operational', 'state', 'vs', '0'], {
-        'x.com.samsung.da.operationTime': hms,
-        'x.com.samsung.da.remainingTime': hms,
+    return ["operational", "state", "vs", "0"], {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.operationTime": hms,
+        "x.com.samsung.da.remainingTime": hms,
    }


+def _oven_mode_options(resources):
+    """Live mode list from the device's own /mode/vs/0 supportedModes when
+    it reports one; the NV7000BS-era _OVEN_MODES guess otherwise. Mirrors
+    laundry.py's options_field pattern (buzzer_sound/finish_sound), but
+    needs the callable form rather than options_field because a static
+    fallback has to kick in when the device's own field is absent."""
+    rep = resources.get("/mode/vs/0") or {}
+    live = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes")
+    return list(live) if live else list(_OVEN_MODES)
+
+
 def _oven_mode_write(p, rep, href=None):
-    if p not in _OVEN_MODES:
+    valid = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes") or _OVEN_MODES
+    if p not in valid:
        return None
-    return ['mode', 'vs', '0'], {'x.com.samsung.da.modes': [p]}
+    return ["mode", "vs", "0"], {"x.com.samsung.da.modes": [p]}


-def _lamp_write(p, rep, href=None):
-    if p not in ('On', 'Off'):
-        return None
-    if not rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'):
-        return None
-    return ['mode', 'vs', '0'], {
-        'x.com.samsung.da.options': _option_write('UpperLamp', p),
-    }
+def _option_switch_write(prefix):
+    """Factory for a single-token on/off options-array write -- lamp, sound,
+    fast_preheat, natural_steam, energy_saving, and cooktop_on_alert were all
+    a byte-for-byte copy of this same shape, one per prefix."""

+    def write(p, rep, href=None):
+        if p not in ("On", "Off"):
+            return None
+        if not rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"):
+            return None
+        return ["mode", "vs", "0"], {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.options": _option_write(prefix, p),
+        }

-def _sound_write(p, rep, href=None):
-    if p not in ('On', 'Off'):
-        return None
-    if not rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'):
-        return None
-    return ['mode', 'vs', '0'], {
-        'x.com.samsung.da.options': _option_write('Sound', p),
-    }
-
-
-def _fastpreheat_write(p, rep, href=None):
-    if p not in ('On', 'Off'):
-        return None
-    if not rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'):
-        return None
-    return ['mode', 'vs', '0'], {
-        'x.com.samsung.da.options': _option_write('fastpreheat', p),
-    }
-
-
-def _naturalsteam_write(p, rep, href=None):
-    if p not in ('On', 'Off'):
-        return None
-    if not rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'):
-        return None
-    return ['mode', 'vs', '0'], {
-        'x.com.samsung.da.options': _option_write('NaturalSteam', p),
-    }
+    return write


 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -224,55 +230,80 @@ def _naturalsteam_write(p, rep, href=None):
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 OVEN_OPERATIONAL_STATE = Capability(
-    href='/operational/state/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='hot',
+    href="/operational/state/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='machine_state', field='x.com.samsung.da.state',
-                   name='Machine state', icon='mdi:stove',
-                   device_class='enum', options=('idle', 'active', 'pause'),
-                   translation_key='machine_state', value_fn=_to_ocf),
-        BinarySensorDesc(key='cycle_active', field='x.com.samsung.da.state',
-                         name='Running', device_class='running',
-                         value_fn=lambda v: _SAMSUNG_STATE_TO_OCF.get(v) == 'active'),
-        SensorDesc(key='progress_percentage',
-                   field='x.com.samsung.da.progressPercentage',
-                   name='Progress percent', unit='%', state_class='measurement',
-                   value_fn=_int),
-        SensorDesc(key='operation_time_minutes',
-                   field='x.com.samsung.da.operationTime',
-                   name='Operation time (minutes)', unit='min',
-                   state_class='measurement', value_fn=_op_minutes),
-        SensorDesc(key='finish_time', field='x.com.samsung.da.remainingTime',
-                   name='Estimated finish', device_class='timestamp',
-                   value_fn=_finish_time),
-        NumberDesc(key='cook_time', field='x.com.samsung.da.operationTime',
-                   name='Cook time', unit='min', native_min=0, native_max=1439,
-                   step=1.0, icon='mdi:timer', value_fn=_op_minutes,
-                   write_fn=_cook_time_write),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="machine_state",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.state",
+            icon="mdi:stove",
+            device_class="enum",
+            options=("idle", "active", "pause"),
+            translation_key="machine_state",
+            value_fn=_to_ocf,
+        ),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="cycle_active",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.state",
+            device_class="running",
+            value_fn=lambda v: _SAMSUNG_STATE_TO_OCF.get(v) == "active",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="progress_percentage",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.progressPercentage",
+            unit="%",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            value_fn=_int,
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="operation_time_minutes",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.operationTime",
+            unit="min",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            value_fn=_op_minutes,
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="finish_time",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.remainingTime",
+            device_class="timestamp",
+            value_fn=_finish_time,
+        ),
+        NumberDesc(
+            key="cook_time",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.operationTime",
+            unit="min",
+            native_min=0,
+            native_max=1439,
+            step=1.0,
+            icon="mdi:timer",
+            value_fn=_op_minutes,
+            write_fn=_cook_time_write,
+        ),
        STOP_BUTTON,
    ),
 )

 OVEN_CAVITY = Capability(
-    href='/oven/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='hot',
+    href="/oven/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='oven_state', field='x.com.samsung.da.state',
-                   name='Cavity state'),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="oven_state",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.state",
+        ),
    ),
 )

+
 def _oven_temp_unit(rep):
-    """Same shape/risk as fridge.py's TEMPERATURES_FALLBACK: this is the
-    same aggregate `/temperatures/vs/0` items[] resource type, which on
-    fridge hardware carries a per-item `x.com.samsung.da.unit` field
-    ('Celsius'/'Fahrenheit') that was previously hardcoded away (issue #7).
-    Keeps the verified '°C' default when the field is absent (the original
-    NV7000BS-class dump this module was written against), but reads it live
-    -- issue #44's range dump is the first to report 'Fahrenheit' here."""
-    items = rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.items') or []
-    unit = items[0].get('x.com.samsung.da.unit') if items else None
-    return normalize_temp_unit(unit, default='°C')
+    """Same shape/risk as fridge.py's TEMPERATURES_FALLBACK: this aggregate
+    `/temperatures/vs/0` items[] resource carries a per-item `unit` field
+    that was previously hardcoded away (issue #7). Keeps the verified '°C'
+    default when the field is absent, but reads it live -- issue #44's
+    range dump is the first to report 'Fahrenheit' here."""
+    items = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.items") or []
+    unit = items[0].get("x.com.samsung.da.unit") if items else None
+    return normalize_temp_unit(unit, default="°C")


 def _setpoint_bounds(rep):
@@ -280,90 +311,150 @@ def _setpoint_bounds(rep):
    constants above for provenance. Bounds must track the unit shown by
    unit_fn (both read the same live rep), or the HA slider's range would
    silently mismatch its own displayed unit."""
-    if _oven_temp_unit(rep) == '°F':
+    if _oven_temp_unit(rep) == "°F":
        return SETPOINT_MIN_F, SETPOINT_MAX_F, SETPOINT_STEP_F
    return SETPOINT_MIN_C, SETPOINT_MAX_C, SETPOINT_STEP_C


 OVEN_SETPOINT = Capability(
-    href='/temperatures/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='hot',
+    href="/temperatures/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
    entities=(
        # NumberDesc first — test_oven_setpoint_write_is_read_modify_write uses entities[0]
-        NumberDesc(key='oven_setpoint', field='x.com.samsung.da.items',
-                   name='Setpoint', device_class='temperature', unit_fn=_oven_temp_unit,
-                   native_min=float(SETPOINT_MIN_C), native_max=float(SETPOINT_MAX_C),
-                   step=float(SETPOINT_STEP_C), icon='mdi:thermometer-chevron-up',
-                   native_min_fn=lambda rep: float(_setpoint_bounds(rep)[0]),
-                   native_max_fn=lambda rep: float(_setpoint_bounds(rep)[1]),
-                   step_fn=lambda rep: float(_setpoint_bounds(rep)[2]),
-                   value_fn=lambda items: _int(
-                       (items[0].get('x.com.samsung.da.desired') if items else None)),
-                   write_fn=_oven_setpoint_write),
-        SensorDesc(key='current_temp_c', field='x.com.samsung.da.items',
-                   name='Temperature', device_class='temperature',
-                   state_class='measurement', unit_fn=_oven_temp_unit,
-                   value_fn=lambda items: _int(
-                       (items[0].get('x.com.samsung.da.current') if items else None))),
+        NumberDesc(
+            key="oven_setpoint",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+            device_class="temperature",
+            unit_fn=_oven_temp_unit,
+            native_min=float(SETPOINT_MIN_C),
+            native_max=float(SETPOINT_MAX_C),
+            step=float(SETPOINT_STEP_C),
+            icon="mdi:thermometer-chevron-up",
+            native_min_fn=lambda rep: float(_setpoint_bounds(rep)[0]),
+            native_max_fn=lambda rep: float(_setpoint_bounds(rep)[1]),
+            step_fn=lambda rep: float(_setpoint_bounds(rep)[2]),
+            value_fn=lambda items: _int(
+                items[0].get("x.com.samsung.da.desired") if items else None
+            ),
+            write_fn=_oven_setpoint_write,
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="current_temp_c",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+            device_class="temperature",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            unit_fn=_oven_temp_unit,
+            value_fn=lambda items: _int(
+                items[0].get("x.com.samsung.da.current") if items else None
+            ),
+        ),
    ),
 )

 OVEN_DOOR = Capability(
-    href='/doors/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='hot',
+    href="/doors/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
    entities=(
-        BinarySensorDesc(key='door_open', field='x.com.samsung.da.items',
-                         name='Door', device_class='door',
-                         value_fn=lambda items: (
-                             items[0].get('x.com.samsung.da.openState') == 'Open'
-                             if items else None)),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="door_open",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+            device_class="door",
+            value_fn=lambda items: (
+                items[0].get("x.com.samsung.da.openState") == "Open" if items else None
+            ),
+        ),
    ),
 )

 OVEN_CONNECTED = Capability(
-    href='/connected/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/connected/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
-        BinarySensorDesc(key='cloud_connected', field='x.com.samsung.da.connected',
-                         name='Cloud connected', device_class='connectivity',
-                         entity_category='diagnostic',
-                         value_fn=lambda v: v == 'On'),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="cloud_connected",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.connected",
+            device_class="connectivity",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+        ),
    ),
 )

-# Static cavity capability metadata (count/type/supported features) -- no
-# per-cavity data varies at runtime on any dump seen so far (issue #44's
-# range: single cavity, no supportedFeatureList entries). Bound with no
-# entities purely for coverage; revisit if a multi-cavity dump surfaces
-# fields worth exposing.
-OVEN_SPEC = Capability(href='/oven/spec/vs/0')
+# Static cavity capability metadata -- no per-cavity data varies at runtime
+# on any dump seen so far. Bound with no entities purely for coverage.
+OVEN_SPEC = Capability(href="/oven/spec/vs/0")
+
+# Quick-recipe display blob (combi microwave, issue #121) -- every field
+# blank on the only dump seen, no documented write contract.
+OVEN_RECIPE_COOK = Capability(href="/recipe/cook/vs/0")

 OVEN_MODE = Capability(
-    href='/mode/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/mode/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
        # SelectDesc first — test_oven_mode_options_nonempty uses entities[0]
-        SelectDesc(key='oven_mode', field='x.com.samsung.da.modes',
-                   name='Cooking mode', icon='mdi:tune',
-                   options=_OVEN_MODES,
-                   value_fn=lambda v: v[0] if v else None,
-                   write_fn=_oven_mode_write),
-        SwitchDesc(key='lamp', field='x.com.samsung.da.options',
-                   name='Lamp', icon='mdi:track-light',
-                   value_fn=lambda opts: _option_value(opts, 'UpperLamp') == 'On',
-                   write_fn=_lamp_write),
-        SwitchDesc(key='sound', field='x.com.samsung.da.options',
-                   name='Sound', icon='mdi:volume-high',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   value_fn=lambda opts: _option_value(opts, 'Sound') == 'On',
-                   write_fn=_sound_write),
-        SwitchDesc(key='fast_preheat', field='x.com.samsung.da.options',
-                   name='Fast preheat', icon='mdi:fire',
-                   value_fn=lambda opts: _option_value(opts, 'fastpreheat') == 'On',
-                   write_fn=_fastpreheat_write),
-        SwitchDesc(key='natural_steam', field='x.com.samsung.da.options',
-                   name='Natural steam', icon='mdi:kettle-steam',
-                   value_fn=lambda opts: _option_value(opts, 'NaturalSteam') == 'On',
-                   write_fn=_naturalsteam_write),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="oven_mode",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.modes",
+            icon="mdi:tune",
+            options=_oven_mode_options,
+            value_fn=lambda v: v[0] if v else None,
+            write_fn=_oven_mode_write,
+        ),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="lamp",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.options",
+            icon="mdi:track-light",
+            value_fn=lambda opts: _option_value(opts, "UpperLamp") == "On",
+            write_fn=_option_switch_write("UpperLamp"),
+        ),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="sound",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.options",
+            icon="mdi:volume-high",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda opts: _option_value(opts, "Sound") == "On",
+            write_fn=_option_switch_write("Sound"),
+        ),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="fast_preheat",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.options",
+            icon="mdi:fire",
+            exists_fn=_has_option("fastpreheat"),
+            value_fn=lambda opts: _option_value(opts, "fastpreheat") == "On",
+            write_fn=_option_switch_write("fastpreheat"),
+        ),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="natural_steam",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.options",
+            icon="mdi:kettle-steam",
+            exists_fn=_has_option("NaturalSteam"),
+            value_fn=lambda opts: _option_value(opts, "NaturalSteam") == "On",
+            write_fn=_option_switch_write("NaturalSteam"),
+        ),
+        # 120-hour energy-saving standby (issue #183): confirmed present in
+        # this unit's options[] -- unlike fast_preheat/natural_steam above,
+        # this token is real on this hardware, just previously unbound.
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="energy_saving",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.options",
+            icon="mdi:leaf",
+            entity_category="config",
+            exists_fn=_has_option("EnergySaving"),
+            value_fn=lambda opts: _option_value(opts, "EnergySaving") == "On",
+            write_fn=_option_switch_write("EnergySaving"),
+        ),
+        # Cooktop-on alert (issue #183): also confirmed present
+        # (BurnerOnAlert_Off) though the reporter noted it mainly matters for
+        # the SmartThings app's own alerting, not local automation.
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="cooktop_on_alert",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.options",
+            icon="mdi:alert-circle-outline",
+            entity_category="config",
+            exists_fn=_has_option("BurnerOnAlert"),
+            value_fn=lambda opts: _option_value(opts, "BurnerOnAlert") == "On",
+            write_fn=_option_switch_write("BurnerOnAlert"),
+        ),
    ),
 )
@@ -1,46 +1,44 @@
 """Capabilities for the cooktop half of range/combo appliances (issue #44,
 model TP1X_DA-KS-RANGE-0102X).

-Not to be confused with PR #23's registry/capabilities/cooktop.py, which
-covers an unrelated standalone-cooktop product (NA9300K-class) that encodes
-burner state as strings inside /mode/vs/0's options array instead of the
-structured /cooktop/status/vs/0 resource this module reads -- two different
-OCF surfaces that happen to share the English word "cooktop".
+Not to be confused with registry/capabilities/cooktop.py, which covers an
+unrelated standalone-cooktop product (NA9300K-class) that encodes burner
+state as strings inside /mode/vs/0's options array instead of the
+structured /cooktop/status/vs/0 resource this module reads -- two
+different OCF surfaces that happen to share the English word "cooktop".

 Unlike the rest of the OCF surface, these hrefs use plain camelCase field
-names (no `x.com.samsung.da.` prefix) -- `/cooktop/status/vs/0` already
-looks like a vendor resource migrated onto OCF-standard-shaped field naming.
+names (no `x.com.samsung.da.` prefix).

-`/cooktop/status/vs/0` carries every burner's live state in one `burnerList`
-array (indexed by `burnerNumber`, not by a separate href per burner like
-fridge ice makers), so per-burner entities are hardcoded up to MAX_BURNERS
-and gated by exists_fn against whichever indices the device actually
-reports -- harmless over-declaration, per common.py's UNIVERSAL note, since
-an index absent from burnerList just never binds.
+`/cooktop/status/vs/0` carries every burner's live state in one
+`burnerList` array (indexed by `burnerNumber`), so per-burner entities are
+hardcoded up to MAX_BURNERS and gated by exists_fn against whichever
+indices the device actually reports -- an index absent from burnerList
+just never binds.

 Write surfaces here are unproven (no live device to verify against, same
-caveat as oven.py's RMW writes) -- power level uses the same read-modify-
-write pattern already proven safe elsewhere in this codebase (oven setpoint,
-icemaker toggles).
+caveat as oven.py's RMW writes) -- power level uses the same
+read-modify-write pattern already proven safe elsewhere in this codebase.
 """
-from ..capability import Capability
-from ..entities import BinarySensorDesc, SelectDesc, SensorDesc

-# Observed as high as 4 (this issue's dump); user-reported hardware with 5
-# burners exists. Kept a little above both since exists_fn gates unused
-# slots out -- see module docstring.
+from ..capability import Capability
+from ..entities import BinarySensorDesc, SelectDesc, SensorDesc, SwitchDesc
+from .common import normalize_temp_unit
+
+# Observed as high as 4; user-reported hardware with 5 burners exists.
+# Kept a little above both since exists_fn gates unused slots out.
 MAX_BURNERS = 6


 def _burner(burner_list, i):
-    for b in (burner_list or []):
-        if b.get('burnerNumber') == i:
+    for b in burner_list or []:
+        if b.get("burnerNumber") == i:
            return b
    return None


 def _burner_exists(i):
-    return lambda rep, resources: _burner(rep.get('burnerList'), i) is not None
+    return lambda rep, resources: _burner(rep.get("burnerList"), i) is not None


 def _burner_field_fn(i, field):
@@ -48,31 +46,36 @@ def _burner_field_fn(i, field):


 def _burner_hot_surface_fn(i):
-    get_state = _burner_field_fn(i, 'hotSurfaceState')
-    return lambda burner_list: get_state(burner_list) not in (None, 'normal')
+    get_state = _burner_field_fn(i, "hotSurfaceState")
+    return lambda burner_list: get_state(burner_list) not in (None, "normal")
+
+
+def _burner_pan_detection_fn(i):
+    return lambda burner_list: bool(_burner_field_fn(i, "panDetection")(burner_list))


 def _power_level_options(resources):
-    spec = resources.get('/cooktop/spec/vs/0') or {}
-    return list(spec.get('supportedPowerLevelList') or [])
+    spec = resources.get("/cooktop/spec/vs/0") or {}
+    return list(spec.get("supportedPowerLevelList") or [])


 def _burner_power_level_write(i):
    def write(p, rep, href=None):
-        burner_list = rep.get('burnerList')
+        burner_list = rep.get("burnerList")
        if not burner_list:
            return None
        new_list = []
        found = False
        for b in burner_list:
-            if b.get('burnerNumber') == i:
+            if b.get("burnerNumber") == i:
                b = dict(b)
-                b['powerLevel'] = p
+                b["powerLevel"] = p
                found = True
            new_list.append(b)
        if not found:
            return None
-        return ['cooktop', 'status', 'vs', '0'], {'burnerList': new_list}
+        return ["cooktop", "status", "vs", "0"], {"burnerList": new_list}
+
    return write


@@ -80,51 +83,166 @@ def _burner_entities(i):
    exists = _burner_exists(i)
    n = i + 1
    return (
-        SelectDesc(key=f'burner_{i}_power_level', field='burnerList',
-                   name=f'Burner {n} power level', icon='mdi:knob',
-                   options=_power_level_options,
-                   exists_fn=exists,
-                   value_fn=_burner_field_fn(i, 'powerLevel'),
-                   write_fn=_burner_power_level_write(i)),
-        SensorDesc(key=f'burner_{i}_state', field='burnerList',
-                   name=f'Burner {n} state', icon='mdi:stove',
-                   exists_fn=exists,
-                   value_fn=_burner_field_fn(i, 'operationState')),
-        BinarySensorDesc(key=f'burner_{i}_hot_surface', field='burnerList',
-                         name=f'Burner {n} hot surface', device_class='heat',
-                         exists_fn=exists,
-                         value_fn=_burner_hot_surface_fn(i)),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key=f"burner_{i}_power_level",
+            field="burnerList",
+            icon="mdi:knob",
+            translation_key="range_burner_power_level",
+            translation_placeholders={"number": str(n)},
+            options=_power_level_options,
+            exists_fn=exists,
+            value_fn=_burner_field_fn(i, "powerLevel"),
+            write_fn=_burner_power_level_write(i),
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key=f"burner_{i}_state",
+            field="burnerList",
+            icon="mdi:stove",
+            translation_key="burner_state",
+            translation_placeholders={"number": str(n)},
+            exists_fn=exists,
+            value_fn=_burner_field_fn(i, "operationState"),
+        ),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key=f"burner_{i}_hot_surface",
+            field="burnerList",
+            device_class="heat",
+            translation_key="burner_hot_surface",
+            translation_placeholders={"number": str(n)},
+            exists_fn=exists,
+            value_fn=_burner_hot_surface_fn(i),
+        ),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key=f"burner_{i}_pan_detected",
+            field="burnerList",
+            icon="mdi:pot",
+            translation_key="burner_pan_detected",
+            translation_placeholders={"number": str(n)},
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            exists_fn=exists,
+            value_fn=_burner_pan_detection_fn(i),
+        ),
    )


+def _child_lock_write(p, rep, href=None):
+    if p not in ("On", "Off"):
+        return None
+    return ["cooktop", "status", "vs", "0"], {"childLock": p.lower()}
+
+
 COOKTOP_STATUS = Capability(
-    href='/cooktop/status/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='hot',
+    href="/cooktop/status/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
    entities=(
-        SensorDesc(key='cooktop_state', field='operationState',
-                   name='Cooktop state', icon='mdi:pot-steam'),
+        SensorDesc(key="cooktop_state", field="operationState", icon="mdi:pot-steam"),
+        # The cooktop section's own on/off (issue #86), distinct from
+        # common.POWER's whole-appliance switch. Read-only: no live device
+        # to confirm remotely turning it on wouldn't leave a burner active
+        # unattended.
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="cooktop_power",
+            field="power",
+            device_class="power",
+            icon="mdi:pot-steam",
+            value_fn=lambda v: str(v).lower() == "on",
+        ),
+        # Safe to write -- a lock toggle, not a heat control -- via a
+        # direct single-field PUT, no RMW needed.
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="cooktop_child_lock",
+            field="childLock",
+            device_class="lock",
+            entity_category="config",
+            icon="mdi:lock",
+            value_fn=lambda v: str(v).lower() == "on",
+            write_fn=_child_lock_write,
+        ),
        *[e for i in range(MAX_BURNERS) for e in _burner_entities(i)],
    ),
 )

 # Static burner-count/power-level-list metadata, read directly by
-# COOKTOP_STATUS's power-level select (options=_power_level_options) rather
-# than exposed through its own entity -- same "informs another capability,
-# no entity of its own" pattern as /wm/editcourse/vs/0 (ignored.py).
-COOKTOP_SPEC = Capability(href='/cooktop/spec/vs/0')
+# COOKTOP_STATUS's power-level select (options=_power_level_options)
+# rather than exposed through its own entity.
+COOKTOP_SPEC = Capability(href="/cooktop/spec/vs/0")

 # settingTime (seconds) is the hot-surface auto-shutoff timer's configured
-# duration (1200s = 20 min in issue #44's dump); state on/off is whether the
-# feature itself is enabled -- not a live "surface is hot right now" alert
-# (that's COOKTOP_STATUS's per-burner hot_surface). No write contract
-# verified, so read-only for now.
+# duration; state on/off is whether the feature itself is enabled -- not a
+# live "surface is hot right now" alert (that's COOKTOP_STATUS's per-burner
+# hot_surface). No write contract verified, so read-only for now.
 COOKTOP_SAFETY = Capability(
-    href='/cooktop/settings/status/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/cooktop/settings/status/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
-        BinarySensorDesc(key='cooktop_safety_shutoff_enabled', field='safetyAlert',
-                         name='Hot surface auto-shutoff enabled',
-                         entity_category='config',
-                         value_fn=lambda v: (v or {}).get('state') == 'on'),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="cooktop_safety_shutoff_enabled",
+            field="safetyAlert",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=lambda v: (v or {}).get("state") == "on",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Bluetooth meat probe (issue #86). All-idle sentinel values when
+# disconnected (operationBurnerNumber -1, temperatures 0) -- no special
+# gating, matching cooktop.PAIRED_HOOD_STATUS's precedent of showing a
+# disconnected accessory's fields plainly rather than hiding the capability.
+PROBE_STATUS = Capability(
+    href="/bluetooth/probe/status/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="probe_connected",
+            field="connectionState",
+            device_class="connectivity",
+            value_fn=lambda v: str(v).lower() == "connected",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="probe_battery",
+            field="batteryPercentage",
+            device_class="battery",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            unit="%",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="probe_temperature",
+            field="currentTemperature",
+            device_class="temperature",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            unit_fn=lambda rep: normalize_temp_unit(rep.get("temperatureUnit"), "°C"),
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="probe_target_temperature",
+            field="targetTemperature",
+            device_class="temperature",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            unit_fn=lambda rep: normalize_temp_unit(rep.get("temperatureUnit"), "°C"),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Some range boards (issue #74) report no /cooktop/status/vs/0 burner
+# array at all -- their local API only exposes this coarse monitoring
+# resource, with no per-burner detail. Meaning of `cooktopMonitoring`
+# (bare "0" on the only dump seen) and `warmingCenterState`'s full value
+# set aren't confirmed, so both are plain sensors rather than a guessed
+# switch/select.
+COOKTOP_MONITORING = Capability(
+    href="/cooktopmonitoring/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="cooktop_running_state",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.cooktopRunningState",
+            icon="mdi:pot-steam-outline",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="warming_center_state",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.warmingCenterState",
+            icon="mdi:heat-wave",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
    ),
 )
@@ -7,24 +7,17 @@ brightness remain separate controls because the device advertises them as two
 independent fields.
 """

-from datetime import datetime, timezone
-
+from ..batch import is_stub_rep
 from ..capability import Capability
 from ..entities import (
    BinarySensorDesc,
+    ButtonDesc,
    FanDesc,
    SelectDesc,
    SensorDesc,
    SwitchDesc,
 )
-from .common import int_or_none, sensor_item_value
-
-
-def _timestamp(value):
-    try:
-        return datetime.fromtimestamp(float(value), tz=timezone.utc)
-    except (TypeError, ValueError, OSError):
-        return None
+from .common import epoch_to_utc, int_or_none, sensor_item_value


 def _active_alarm_codes(items):
@@ -37,24 +30,23 @@ def _active_alarm_codes(items):
    for item in items or ():
        if not isinstance(item, dict):
            continue
-        if str(item.get('x.com.samsung.da.state', '')).lower() == 'deleted':
+        if str(item.get("x.com.samsung.da.state", "")).lower() == "deleted":
            continue
-        code = item.get('x.com.samsung.da.code')
-        if code and str(code).lower() != 'errorcode_off':
+        code = item.get("x.com.samsung.da.code")
+        if code and str(code).lower() != "errorcode_off":
            codes.append(code)
-    return ', '.join(codes) if codes else 'none'
+    return ", ".join(codes) if codes else "none"


 HOOD_ALARMS = Capability(
-    href='/alarms/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='hot',
+    href="/alarms/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
    entities=(
        SensorDesc(
-            key='alarm_code',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.items',
-            name='Alarm code',
-            icon='mdi:alert',
-            entity_category='diagnostic',
+            key="alarm_code",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+            icon="mdi:alert",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
            value_fn=_active_alarm_codes,
        ),
    ),
@@ -63,46 +55,56 @@ HOOD_ALARMS = Capability(

 def _hood_fan_write(payload, rep, href=None):
    kind, value, *args = payload
-    if kind == 'power':
-        power_href = args[0] if args else '/power/0'
-        if power_href == '/power/0':
-            return ['power', '0'], {'value': bool(value)}
-        if power_href == '/power/vs/0':
-            return ['power', 'vs', '0'], {
-                'x.com.samsung.da.power': 'On' if value else 'Off',
+    if kind == "power":
+        power_href = args[0] if args else "/power/0"
+        if power_href == "/power/0":
+            return ["power", "0"], {"value": bool(value)}
+        if power_href == "/power/vs/0":
+            return ["power", "vs", "0"], {
+                "x.com.samsung.da.power": "On" if value else "Off",
            }
        return None
-    if kind == 'speed':
+    if kind == "speed":
        value = str(value)
-        supported = [
-            str(code)
-            for code in rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.hood.supportedFanSpeed', ())
-        ]
+        supported = [str(code) for code in rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.hood.supportedFanSpeed", ())]
+        if not supported:
+            min_s = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.hood.settableMinFanSpeed")
+            max_s = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.hood.settableMaxFanSpeed")
+            if min_s is not None and max_s is not None:
+                try:
+                    mn, mx = int(min_s), int(max_s)
+                    supported = [str(i) for i in range(mn, mx + 1)]
+                except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                    pass
        if value not in supported:
            return None
-        return ['hood', 'fanspeed', 'vs', '0'], {
-            'x.com.samsung.da.hood.fanSpeed': value,
+        return ["hood", "fanspeed", "vs", "0"], {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.hood.fanSpeed": value,
        }
    return None


 HOOD_FAN = Capability(
-    href='/hood/fanspeed/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='hot',
+    href="/hood/fanspeed/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
    entities=(
        FanDesc(
-            key='fan',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.hood.fanSpeed',
-            name=None,
+            key="fan",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.hood.fanSpeed",
            write_fn=_hood_fan_write,
        ),
        BinarySensorDesc(
-            key='automatic_operation',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.hood.autoOperation',
-            name='Automatic operation',
-            icon='mdi:fan-auto',
-            entity_category='diagnostic',
-            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == 'on',
+            key="automatic_operation",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.hood.autoOperation",
+            icon="mdi:fan-auto",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            # Absent on the microwave family's built-in vent fan (issue
+            # #137) -- this board has no auto-ventilation mode, unlike the
+            # standalone range hood this capability was written for.
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
+                is_stub_rep(rep) or "x.com.samsung.da.hood.autoOperation" in rep
+            ),
+            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == "on",
        ),
    ),
 )
@@ -110,36 +112,34 @@ HOOD_FAN = Capability(

 def _lamp_level_write(value, rep, href=None):
    code = str(value)
-    supported = [str(level) for level in rep.get('x.com.samsung.lamp.range', ())]
+    supported = [str(level) for level in rep.get("x.com.samsung.lamp.range", ())]
    if code not in supported:
        return None
-    return ['hood', 'lamp', 'vs', '0'], {
-        'x.com.samsung.lamp.current': code,
+    return ["hood", "lamp", "vs", "0"], {
+        "x.com.samsung.lamp.current": code,
    }


 HOOD_LAMP = Capability(
-    href='/hood/lamp/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='hot',
+    href="/hood/lamp/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="hot",
    entities=(
        SwitchDesc(
-            key='lamp',
-            field='x.com.samsung.lamp.power',
-            name='Lamp',
-            icon='mdi:range-hood',
-            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == 'on',
+            key="lamp",
+            field="x.com.samsung.lamp.power",
+            icon="mdi:range-hood",
+            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == "on",
            write_fn=lambda payload, rep, href=None: (
-                ['hood', 'lamp', 'vs', '0'],
-                {'x.com.samsung.lamp.power': 'On' if payload == 'On' else 'Off'},
+                ["hood", "lamp", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.lamp.power": "On" if payload == "On" else "Off"},
            ),
        ),
        SelectDesc(
-            key='lamp_brightness',
-            field='x.com.samsung.lamp.current',
-            name='Lamp brightness',
-            icon='mdi:brightness-6',
-            translation_key='range_hood_lamp_brightness',
-            options_field='x.com.samsung.lamp.range',
+            key="lamp_brightness",
+            field="x.com.samsung.lamp.current",
+            icon="mdi:brightness-6",
+            translation_key="range_hood_lamp_brightness",
+            options_field="x.com.samsung.lamp.range",
            write_fn=_lamp_level_write,
        ),
    ),
@@ -147,33 +147,34 @@ HOOD_LAMP = Capability(


 HOOD_FILTER = Capability(
-    href='/filter/hoodfilter/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='cold',
+    href="/filter/hoodfilter/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
    entities=(
        SensorDesc(
-            key='hood_filter_usage',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.filterUsage',
-            name='Filter usage',
-            unit='%',
-            state_class='measurement',
-            icon='mdi:air-filter',
-            entity_category='diagnostic',
+            key="hood_filter_usage",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.filterUsage",
+            unit="%",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            icon="mdi:air-filter",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
            value_fn=int_or_none,
        ),
        SensorDesc(
-            key='hood_filter_status',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.filterStatus',
-            name='Filter status',
-            icon='mdi:air-filter',
-            entity_category='diagnostic',
+            key="hood_filter_status",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.filterStatus",
+            icon="mdi:air-filter",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            device_class="enum",
+            options=("normal", "wash", "replace"),
+            translation_key="filter_status",
+            value_fn=lambda value: value.lower() if isinstance(value, str) else value,
        ),
        SensorDesc(
-            key='hood_filter_capacity',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.filterCapacity',
-            name='Filter capacity',
-            unit='h',
-            icon='mdi:timer-outline',
-            entity_category='diagnostic',
+            key="hood_filter_capacity",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.filterCapacity",
+            unit="h",
+            icon="mdi:timer-outline",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
            enabled_default=False,
            value_fn=int_or_none,
        ),
@@ -181,93 +182,122 @@ HOOD_FILTER = Capability(
 )


+# After Run (issue #147): the hood keeps the fan running at low speed after
+# it's switched off, to clear residual cooking smoke -- a feature a user
+# actively watches and cancels, so none of the three entities below carry
+# entity_category. No supported-values list is advertised for
+# activationState, so it's read-only monitoring rather than an invented
+# "enable" write; runningCancel's only observed value is the command name
+# itself ('Cancel'), the same shape as operational.STOP_BUTTON.
+AFTER_RUN = Capability(
+    href="/afterrun/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="after_run_active",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.activationState",
+            icon="mdi:fan-clock",
+            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == "on",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="after_run_progress",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.runningProgress",
+            unit="%",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            icon="mdi:fan-clock",
+            value_fn=int_or_none,
+        ),
+        ButtonDesc(
+            key="after_run_cancel",
+            field="",
+            payload="Cancel",
+            icon="mdi:fan-off",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["afterrun", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.runningCancel": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+
 AIR_QUALITY = Capability(
-    href='/sensors/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/sensors/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
        SensorDesc(
-            key='clean_level',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.items',
-            name='Clean level',
-            icon='mdi:air-filter',
-            value_fn=lambda items: sensor_item_value(items, 'CleanLevel'),
+            key="clean_level",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+            icon="mdi:air-filter",
+            value_fn=lambda items: sensor_item_value(items, "CleanLevel"),
        ),
        SensorDesc(
-            key='dust',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.items',
-            name='Dust',
-            value_fn=lambda items: sensor_item_value(items, 'Dust'),
+            key="dust",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+            value_fn=lambda items: sensor_item_value(items, "Dust"),
        ),
        SensorDesc(
-            key='fine_dust',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.items',
-            name='Fine dust',
-            value_fn=lambda items: sensor_item_value(items, 'FineDust'),
+            key="fine_dust",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+            value_fn=lambda items: sensor_item_value(items, "FineDust"),
        ),
        SensorDesc(
-            key='super_fine_dust',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.items',
-            name='Super fine dust',
-            value_fn=lambda items: sensor_item_value(items, 'SuperFineDust'),
+            key="super_fine_dust",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.items",
+            value_fn=lambda items: sensor_item_value(items, "SuperFineDust"),
        ),
    ),
 )


 AIR_LEVEL_CHECK = Capability(
-    href='/airlevelcheck/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/airlevelcheck/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
        BinarySensorDesc(
-            key='periodic_air_sensing',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.periodicSensingActivationState',
-            name='Periodic air sensing',
-            icon='mdi:radar',
-            entity_category='diagnostic',
-            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == 'on',
+            key="periodic_air_sensing",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.periodicSensingActivationState",
+            icon="mdi:radar",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=lambda value: str(value).lower() == "on",
        ),
        SensorDesc(
-            key='air_sensing_state',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.sensingState',
-            name='Air sensing state',
-            icon='mdi:radar',
-            entity_category='diagnostic',
+            key="air_sensing_state",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.sensingState",
+            icon="mdi:radar",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
        ),
        SensorDesc(
-            key='last_air_sensing_time',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.lastSensingTime',
-            name='Last air sensing time',
-            device_class='timestamp',
-            entity_category='diagnostic',
-            value_fn=_timestamp,
+            key="last_air_sensing_time",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.lastSensingTime",
+            device_class="timestamp",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=epoch_to_utc,
        ),
        SensorDesc(
-            key='last_air_sensing_level',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.lastSensingLevel',
-            name='Last air sensing level',
-            icon='mdi:air-filter',
-            entity_category='diagnostic',
+            key="last_air_sensing_level",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.lastSensingLevel",
+            icon="mdi:air-filter",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
        ),
        SensorDesc(
-            key='automatic_ventilation_state',
-            field='x.com.samsung.da.autoExeState',
-            name='Automatic ventilation state',
-            icon='mdi:fan-auto',
-            entity_category='diagnostic',
+            key="automatic_ventilation_state",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.autoExeState",
+            icon="mdi:fan-auto",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
        ),
    ),
 )


 AUTO_VENTILATION = Capability(
-    href='/autoventilation/vs/0',
-    poll_tier='warm',
+    href="/autoventilation/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
    entities=(
        SensorDesc(
-            key='auto_ventilation_action',
-            field='action',
-            name='Auto ventilation action',
-            icon='mdi:fan-auto',
+            key="auto_ventilation_action",
+            field="action",
+            icon="mdi:fan-auto",
        ),
    ),
 )
@@ -278,11 +308,11 @@ AUTO_VENTILATION = Capability(
 COVERAGE = [
    Capability(href=href)
    for href in (
-        '/power/0',
-        '/power/vs/0',
-        '/mode/vs/0',
-        '/personality/presence/vs/0',
-        '/availablecontrolsets/vs/0',
-        '/da/softreset/vs/0',
+        "/power/0",
+        "/power/vs/0",
+        "/mode/vs/0",
+        "/personality/presence/vs/0",
+        "/availablecontrolsets/vs/0",
+        "/da/softreset/vs/0",
    )
 ]
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""Capabilities for the Samsung stick-vacuum clean/auto-empty station
+(model A-VSKR-TP1-22-VS9500AL, "Bespoke Jet" clean station, issue #131).
+
+The reporter's diagnostics dump shows no vacuum-body state at all (no
+suction level, no battery, no cleaning-mode/room-mapping control, no
+docked/undocked status even) -- only the clean station's own dustbag,
+dustbin auto-empty settings, and UV-C sanitizing-cycle status. This
+strongly suggests the WiFi/DTLS module lives in the station, not the
+handheld stick: the station is the only "device" this integration's local
+API can see, and the wand's own controls are unrelated hardware not
+reachable this way. Modeled as its own device type -- these hrefs don't
+overlap with any existing family, so there's no shared-href ambiguity to
+resolve against another type (see registry/by_type/__init__.py's
+docstring for that rule).
+
+Resources verified against the issue #131 diagnostics dump.
+"""
+
+from ..capability import Capability
+from ..entities import BinarySensorDesc, SelectDesc, SensorDesc, SwitchDesc
+from .common import int_or_none
+from .common import parse_iso_utc as _parse_iso_utc
+
+DUSTBAG = Capability(
+    href="/component/station/dustbag/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="dustbag_full",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.status",
+            device_class="problem",
+            icon="mdi:bag-personal",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "full",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# dustbagUsage/dustbagPrevUsage are raw counters with no capacity/resolution
+# field alongside them to normalize into a percentage (unlike the AC/range
+# families' filterUsage, which always ships filterCapacity) -- exposed as a
+# plain diagnostic count rather than guessing a unit.
+DUSTBAG_USAGE = Capability(
+    href="/component/station/dustbagusage/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="dustbag_usage",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.dustbagUsage",
+            icon="mdi:counter",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            state_class="total_increasing",
+            value_fn=int_or_none,
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+DUSTBIN_SETTING = Capability(
+    href="/setting/dustbin/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="auto_empty",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.autoEmpty",
+            icon="mdi:delete-empty",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["setting", "dustbin", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.autoEmpty": "On" if p == "On" else "Off"},
+            ),
+        ),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="dustbin_auto_close",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.autoClose",
+            icon="mdi:door-sliding",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["setting", "dustbin", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.autoClose": "On" if p == "On" else "Off"},
+            ),
+        ),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="discharging_time",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.desiredDischargingTime",
+            icon="mdi:timer-outline",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options_field="x.com.samsung.da.supportedDischargingTime",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["setting", "dustbin", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.desiredDischargingTime": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# stickStatus's exact meaning (docked? powered? charging?) isn't confirmed
+# from this single On/Off dump -- exposed as a plain diagnostic sensor
+# rather than a binary_sensor, so no polarity/semantic is asserted that
+# might be wrong.
+CLEANSTATION_STATUS = Capability(
+    href="/status/cleanstation/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="cleanstation_status",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.status",
+            icon="mdi:home-lightning-bolt",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="stick_status",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.stickStatus",
+            icon="mdi:broom",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="uvc_intensive_mode",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.uvcIntensive",
+            icon="mdi:lightbulb-on-outline",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["status", "cleanstation", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.uvcIntensive": "On" if p == "On" else "Off"},
+            ),
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="uvc_operation_time",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.uvcOperationTime",
+            icon="mdi:timer-sand",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=int_or_none,
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="uvc_total_operation_time",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.uvcTotalOperationTime",
+            icon="mdi:timer-sand",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            state_class="total_increasing",
+            value_fn=int_or_none,
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="uvc_finished_time",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.uvcFinishedTime",
+            device_class="timestamp",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=_parse_iso_utc,
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="uvc_emitted_time",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.emittedTime",
+            device_class="timestamp",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=_parse_iso_utc,
+        ),
+    ),
+)
@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 front-load washers).

 Resources verified against two live WW90DG6U25LEU4 dumps (Table_02 course
-family). Washers never report `oneUiVersion` -- see
-`registry/by_type/__init__.py`'s `for_device_by_model()` for the fallback
-detection this device type requires.
+family). Washers share the `DA_WM_` laundry board with dryers, so their
+`modelNum` can't tell the two apart -- see `registry/by_type/__init__.py`'s
+`_CONSUMER_PREFIX_TO_KEY` for the `description`-based detection this device
+type requires.

 The shared laundry surface -- power/kids-lock/remote-control OCF+vendor
 fallback pairs, buzzer, energy meter, job-beginning-status, and the
@@ -13,169 +14,130 @@ specific controls (wash settings, drum-clean tracking, dispenser dosing) are
 here; they read washer-only fields off the same shared /course/vs/0 options
 array.
 """
-from datetime import datetime, timezone

 from ..capability import Capability
 from ..entities import BinarySensorDesc, SelectDesc, SensorDesc
 from .laundry import (
-    bool_option_exists, bool_option_switch, cycle_options, cycle_select, hex_pairs, option_value,
+    bool_option_exists,
+    bool_option_switch,
+    cycle_options,
+    cycle_select,
+    drum_clean_cycles_remaining,
+    drum_clean_last_cleaned,
+    hex_pairs,
+    option_value,
    option_write,
 )

-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Course_XX hex codes. 23 of the codes named in strings.json/translations
-# under entity.select.washer_cycle.state.<id, lowercased> were captured
-# from a live WW90DG6U25LEU4's x.com.samsung.da.editCourseList
-# (EditCourseList_1C1D211B1E29243328262722202325322F2E30662D8F96), matched
-# positionally against a Slovak-UI user's screenshots of their app's course
-# list (same order, same count -- see issue #2) and cross-checked against
-# the printed user manual's course table (confirming e.g. '8F' as 'Intense
-# Cold', not the position-adjacent-looking but distinct 'Mixed Load', a
-# cycle the manual marks "applicable models only" and that does not appear
-# in this device's editCourseList -- nor does 'AI Wash', also "applicable
-# models only"). FixedCourseList_1C29 (the two courses always pinned in the
-# app) maps to '1C'/'29' = Eco 40-60 and Drum Clean+, which matches what
-# you'd expect to be pinned (default cycle + maintenance cycle),
-# corroborating the positional match.
+# Course_XX hex code labels (translations/en.json,
+# washer_cycle_table_02.state.<id>) come from several devices, cross-checked
+# rather than guessed: 23 codes from a live WW90DG6U25LEU4's editCourseList,
+# matched positionally against a user's app screenshots and the printed
+# manual (issue #2); 5 more (Wash+Dry, Air Wash, Cotton Dry, Synthetics Dry,
+# a second distinct '1F' Intense Cold) from a WD90T654DBN/S1 combo's own
+# editCourseList and screenshots (issue #22, a combo's own course set, not
+# implying anything about a plain washer's '1F'); 3 more (Eco Cold, Towels,
+# Self Clean+) verified directly on a WF50A8600AV/US by reading back the raw
+# code after selecting each cycle on the appliance (issue #80). Two code
+# pairs ('21'/'65' Colors, '27'/'5E' Rinse+Spin, and '24'/'54' Towels)
+# legitimately share a label across different course tables -- not typos.
 #
-# A further 5 codes -- '36' Wash+Dry, '37' Air Wash, '38' Cotton Dry,
-# '39' Synthetics Dry, and a second, distinct '1F' Intense Cold (not the
-# same code as '8F' above) -- came from a WD90T654DBN/S1 washer/dryer
-# combo's editCourseList and were named from that user's app screenshot
-# (issue #22). Combo units carry their own course set, so these codes
-# don't imply anything about '1F' on a plain washer.
-#
-# No static fallback list of those codes is kept here, deliberately: other
-# washer models have a different actual course set (a second dump's active
-# course, '65', isn't even in the list above; models with 'AI Wash'/'Mixed
-# Load' -- both "applicable models only" per the manual -- would have yet
-# another set), so hardcoding one device's list would show/hide the wrong
-# options on a different model. laundry.cycle_options() reads only the live
-# x.com.samsung.da.editCourseList; if a device doesn't populate that
-# resource, the cycle select isn't created at all (see cycle_select's
-# exists_fn). x.com.samsung.da.options' MostUsed_* entry was considered as a
-# fallback source (its first byte reliably equals the currently-selected
-# Course_XX on both dumps we have), but the bytes after that don't
-# correspond to any confirmed course code on either device -- e.g. dump 1's
-# MostUsed_1C8410923FA67F00000000000000 decodes to
-# ['1C','84','10','92','3F','A6','7F',...] and only '1C' is a real code --
-# so it isn't trustworthy as a list of selectable courses and isn't used.
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# No static fallback list is kept here: other models have different actual
+# course sets, so hardcoding one device's list would show/hide the wrong
+# options elsewhere. laundry.cycle_options() reads only the live
+# x.com.samsung.da.editCourseList; a device that doesn't populate it gets no
+# cycle select at all (see cycle_select's exists_fn). x.com.samsung.da.
+# options' MostUsed_* entry was considered as a fallback source (its first
+# byte matches the selected Course_XX on both dumps), but the remaining
+# bytes don't decode to any confirmed course code, so it isn't used.

-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# /washer/vs/0 -- wash temperature, spin speed, rinse cycle count
-#
+# /washer/vs/0 -- wash temperature, spin speed, rinse cycle count.
 # Despite the shared href, this is unrelated to dryer.DRYER_SETTINGS (also
 # bound to '/washer/vs/0') -- an artifact of Samsung reusing the same OCF
 # path for different device families. Only one of the two ever binds for a
 # given device, since dryer and washer are separate by_type registries.
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 WASHER_SETTINGS = Capability(
-    href='/washer/vs/0',
+    href="/washer/vs/0",
    entities=(
-        SelectDesc(key='wash_temperature', field='x.com.samsung.da.waterTemperature',
-                   name='Wash temperature', icon='mdi:thermometer-water',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   options_field='x.com.samsung.da.supportedWaterTemperature',
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['washer', 'vs', '0'], {'x.com.samsung.da.waterTemperature': p})),
-        SelectDesc(key='spin_speed', field='x.com.samsung.da.spinLevel',
-                   name='Spin speed', icon='mdi:sync',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   options_field='x.com.samsung.da.supportedSpinLevel',
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['washer', 'vs', '0'], {'x.com.samsung.da.spinLevel': p})),
-        SelectDesc(key='rinse_cycles', field='x.com.samsung.da.rinseCycles',
-                   name='Rinse cycles', icon='mdi:water-sync',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   options_field='x.com.samsung.da.supportedRinseCycles',
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['washer', 'vs', '0'], {'x.com.samsung.da.rinseCycles': p})),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="wash_temperature",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.waterTemperature",
+            icon="mdi:thermometer-water",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options_field="x.com.samsung.da.supportedWaterTemperature",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["washer", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.waterTemperature": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="spin_speed",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.spinLevel",
+            icon="mdi:sync",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options_field="x.com.samsung.da.supportedSpinLevel",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["washer", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.spinLevel": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="rinse_cycles",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.rinseCycles",
+            icon="mdi:water-sync",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options_field="x.com.samsung.da.supportedRinseCycles",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["washer", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.rinseCycles": p},
+            ),
+        ),
        # Washer/dryer combo units carry a dryLevel field on the wash
-        # resource itself (no separate dryer device/course) -- see issue
-        # #22. Self-gates off on plain washers, which never report
-        # supportedDryLevel.
-        SelectDesc(key='dry_level', field='x.com.samsung.da.dryLevel',
-                   name='Dry level', icon='mdi:tumble-dryer',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   translation_key='washer_dry_level',
-                   options_field='x.com.samsung.da.supportedDryLevel',
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: bool(
-                       rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.supportedDryLevel')),
-                   write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
-                       ['washer', 'vs', '0'], {'x.com.samsung.da.dryLevel': p})),
+        # resource itself (issue #22). Self-gates off on plain washers,
+        # which never report supportedDryLevel.
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="dry_level",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.dryLevel",
+            icon="mdi:tumble-dryer",
+            entity_category="config",
+            translation_key="washer_dry_level",
+            options_field="x.com.samsung.da.supportedDryLevel",
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: bool(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.supportedDryLevel")),
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["washer", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.dryLevel": p},
+            ),
+        ),
    ),
 )

-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # /course/vs/0 -- the cycle select is the shared laundry.cycle_select; the
-# drum-clean and dispenser-dosing entities below are washer-specific reads off
-# the same options array.
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# drum-clean and dispenser-dosing entities below are washer-specific reads
+# off the same options array.

-
-# Drum Clean+ maintenance tracking, from the same options[] array as the
-# selected course. DrumCleanProposal_<N> is the wash-cycle interval between
-# recommended cleans; WashingTimes_<N> is the count since the last one --
-# their difference is exactly the "N cycles until due" figure the Samsung
-# app shows (verified: DrumCleanProposal_40 - WashingTimes_3 == 37, matching
-# a live app screenshot's "Potreba cistenia po 37 cykloch"). DrumCleanLog_
-# is the last-clean timestamp (verified against the same screenshot's "10
-# days ago"); no explicit timezone field accompanies it on this resource,
-# so it's treated as UTC, matching this integration's convention for other
-# bare ISO datetime fields (see fridge.py's night-light schedule comment).
-def _drum_clean_cycles_remaining(rep):
-    opts = rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options') or []
-    proposal = option_value(opts, 'DrumCleanProposal')
-    washed = option_value(opts, 'WashingTimes')
-    if proposal is None or washed is None:
-        return None
-    try:
-        return max(int(proposal) - int(washed), 0)
-    except ValueError:
-        return None
-
-
-def _drum_clean_last_cleaned(rep):
-    raw = option_value(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'), 'DrumCleanLog')
-    if not raw:
-        return None
-    try:
-        return datetime.fromisoformat(raw).replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
-    except ValueError:
-        return None
+# Drum Clean+ maintenance tracking (issue #9): drum_clean_cycles_remaining/
+# drum_clean_last_cleaned live in laundry.py, shared with dryer.py (issue
+# #258) since both families report identical DrumCleanProposal_/
+# WashingTimes_/DrumCleanLog_ tokens on the same options[] array.


 # Detergent/softener auto-dispense dosing, from the same options[] array
 # (issue #9). '<Prefix>LevelCtrl_<code>' is the selected dose quantity;
-# '<Prefix>Level2Ctrl_<code>' is a second dial -- water hardness for
-# detergent, concentration for softener -- matching the SmartThings app's
-# two-field dispenser screens ("Distributeur de lessive": Quantité + Dureté
-# de l'eau; "Distributeur d'adoucissant": Quantité + Concentration, per
-# issue #9's screenshots). 'Supported<Prefix>Ctrl_<hexpairs>' lists the
-# valid raw codes for its field, same hex-pair shape as EditCourseList.
-# '<Prefix>Alarm_<On/Off>' is a low-reservoir warning flag.
+# '<Prefix>Level2Ctrl_<code>' is a second dial (water hardness for
+# detergent, concentration for softener), matching the app's two-field
+# dispenser screens. 'Supported<Prefix>Ctrl_<hexpairs>' lists the valid raw
+# codes, same hex-pair shape as EditCourseList. '<Prefix>Alarm_<On/Off>' is
+# a low-reservoir warning flag.
 #
-# Label mapping (entity.select.washer_dosing_quantity/washer_detergent_
-# water_hardness/washer_softener_concentration in strings.json) is an
-# assumed, not cross-device-verified, reading of the single issue #9 dump +
-# screenshots: LevelCtrl's 4 codes as None/Low/Medium/High (00 has no
-# on-screen equivalent -- the app's Quantité picker only offers
-# Faible/Moyen/Élevé, i.e. codes 01-03; 00 is assumed to be what
-# "Activation" off collapses to) matches DetergentLevelCtrl_3/
-# SoftenerLevelCtrl_3 = "Élevé" on both dispensers. Level2Ctrl's 3 codes as
-# Soft/Medium/Hard for detergent (Dureté de l'eau: Douce/Moyenne/Dure)
-# matches DetergentLevel2Ctrl_2 = "Moyenne". The same 3-code shape as
-# 1x/2x/3x for softener concentration does *not* cleanly match
-# SoftenerLevel2Ctrl_2 against the screenshot's "3x" -- assumed to be a
-# setting the user changed in the app between the dump (issue body) and the
-# screenshots (a later comment), not a different code scheme, since it's
-# otherwise identical in shape to the detergent side. Revisit if a second
-# device's dump contradicts this.
+# Label mapping (translations/en.json's {detergent,softener}_quantity /
+# detergent_water_hardness / softener_concentration) is an assumed reading
+# of the single issue #9 dump + screenshots, cross-checked against the
+# selected value on both dispensers, not independently verified per code --
+# revisit if a second device's dump contradicts it.
 def _supported_level_options(resources, prefix):
-    rep = resources.get('/course/vs/0') or {}
-    raw = option_value(rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'), f'Supported{prefix}')
+    rep = resources.get("/course/vs/0") or {}
+    raw = option_value(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"), f"Supported{prefix}")
    return hex_pairs(raw) if raw else []


@@ -184,21 +146,20 @@ def _level_options(prefix):


 def _dosing_level(prefix):
-    """Current dose code, normalized to the `Supported<prefix>` code format.
+    """Current dose code, normalized to the `Supported<prefix>` code
+    format. The device reports the selected level as `<prefix>_<code>`
+    un-padded (e.g. '3'), but the select's own options come from
+    `Supported<prefix>_<hexpairs>` as zero-padded hex pairs (e.g. '03').
+    Left as '3', the value sits outside the select's own option list and
+    HA renders it 'unknown' (issue #9) -- resolve it to the matching
+    zero-padded code instead."""

-    The device reports the selected level as `<prefix>_<code>` with the code
-    un-padded (e.g. '3'), but the valid codes -- which are also this select's
-    options and its translation keys -- come from `Supported<prefix>_<hexpairs>`
-    as zero-padded hex pairs (e.g. '03'). Left as '3', the current value sits
-    outside the select's own option list, so HA renders it 'unknown' (issue #9).
-    Resolve it to the supported code with the same integer value so
-    current_option matches an option (and its translation)."""
    def fn(rep):
-        opts = rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options')
+        opts = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options")
        raw = option_value(opts, prefix)
        if raw is None:
            return None
-        supported_raw = option_value(opts, f'Supported{prefix}')
+        supported_raw = option_value(opts, f"Supported{prefix}")
        try:
            target = int(raw, 16)
        except (TypeError, ValueError):
@@ -210,67 +171,60 @@ def _dosing_level(prefix):
            except (TypeError, ValueError):
                continue
        return raw
+
    return fn


 def _level_write(prefix):
    def write(p, rep, href=None):
-        if not rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'):
+        if not rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"):
            return None
-        # `p` is the zero-padded supported code the UI selected (e.g. '03');
-        # the device stores the level un-padded (e.g. '3'), matching how it
-        # reports it, so write it back in that native shape.
+        # `p` is the zero-padded supported code (e.g. '03'); the device
+        # stores it un-padded (e.g. '3'), matching how it's reported.
        try:
-            native = format(int(p, 16), 'X')
+            native = format(int(p, 16), "X")
        except (TypeError, ValueError):
            native = p
-        return ['course', 'vs', '0'], {
-            'x.com.samsung.da.options': option_write(prefix, native),
+        return ["course", "vs", "0"], {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.options": option_write(prefix, native),
        }
+
    return write


 def _dosing_low(prefix):
-    return lambda rep: option_value(
-        rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options'), prefix) not in (None, 'Off')
+    return lambda rep: (
+        option_value(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options"), prefix) not in (None, "Off")
+    )


 # Bubble soak / pre-wash / intensive-wash toggles, from the same options[]
-# array (issue #22 follow-up on a WD90T654DBN/S1 combo). Each rides as a
-# plain '<Prefix>_On'/'<Prefix>_Off' token, confirmed by a dump taken with
-# Bubble Soak switched on in the app (BubbleSoak_On) -- the same On/Off shape
-# already used by AiOption and KidsLockBypass in this same array, so
-# PreWashSetting/IntensiveSetting are assumed to follow suit.
+# array (issue #22 follow-up). Each rides as a plain '<Prefix>_On'/'_Off'
+# token, confirmed against a dump taken with Bubble Soak switched on in the
+# app -- the same shape as AiOption/KidsLockBypass in this array.
 #
-# Each also has a differently-named hex-pair availability field that lines up
-# positionally with editCourseList: BubbleSoakSet, PreWashAvailableSet,
-# IntensiveAvailableSet. On the reporter's dump (course '30' at position 1 of
-# 24), all three read 'F0' at that position and the toggle was writable --
-# and the same dump's earlier state (course '1C' at position 0, 'BubbleSoak
-# Off') decodes to '00' for that course, matching the app graying the
-# control out there. 'F0'/'00' is treated as available/unavailable on that
-# evidence. exists_fn (device-level presence) still only runs once, against
-# the setup-time snapshot, so it isn't a fit for this per-course check --
-# validate_fn runs on every write attempt instead (dispatched from
-# coordinator.async_send_command, ahead of write_fn), rejecting an on-write
-# for a course whose byte isn't 'F0' with a user-facing error rather than
-# silently no-opping against the device. The read/write/presence machinery
-# itself is laundry.bool_option_switch, shared with dishwasher's storm-wash/
-# auto-release-dry toggles -- only this per-course gating is washer-only, so
-# it stays here rather than in laundry.py (see laundry.bool_option_switch's
-# docstring: it takes a prebuilt validate_fn and has no opinion on it).
-def _bool_option_switch(key, name, icon, prefix, availability_field):
+# Each also has a hex-pair availability field positional with
+# editCourseList (BubbleSoakSet, PreWashAvailableSet,
+# IntensiveAvailableSet): on the reporter's dump 'F0' at a course's
+# position matched the app enabling the control there, '00' matched it
+# grayed out. exists_fn only runs once at setup, so it can't do this
+# per-course check -- validate_fn runs on every write attempt instead,
+# rejecting an on-write for a course whose byte isn't 'F0' with a
+# user-facing error rather than silently no-opping. The read/write/
+# presence machinery is laundry.bool_option_switch, shared with
+# dishwasher's storm-wash/auto-release-dry toggles; only this per-course
+# gating is washer-only.
+def _bool_option_switch(key, icon, prefix, availability_field):
    def validate(p, rep, resources):
        """Reject turning on when the selected course's byte in
-        `availability_field` isn't 'F0'. Turning off is never blocked. Falls
-        back to allowing the write whenever the availability data can't be
-        resolved (unrecognized course, missing/mismatched-length bitmap)
-        rather than guessing -- a false rejection is worse than an
-        occasional no-op write."""
-        if p != 'On':
+        `availability_field` isn't 'F0'. Turning off is never blocked.
+        Falls back to allowing the write whenever the availability data
+        can't be resolved (unrecognized course, missing/mismatched-length
+        bitmap) -- a false rejection is worse than an occasional no-op."""
+        if p != "On":
            return None
-        opts = rep.get('x.com.samsung.da.options') or []
-        current = option_value(opts, 'Course')
+        opts = rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.options") or []
+        current = option_value(opts, "Course")
        courses = cycle_options(resources)
        if not current or current not in courses:
            return None
@@ -280,77 +234,99 @@ def _bool_option_switch(key, name, icon, prefix, availability_field):
        pairs = hex_pairs(raw)
        if len(pairs) != len(courses):
            return None
-        if pairs[courses.index(current)] != 'F0':
-            return f"{name} isn't available on the selected cycle."
+        if pairs[courses.index(current)] != "F0":
+            return f"{key}_unavailable_for_cycle"
        return None

    return bool_option_switch(
-        key, name, icon, prefix,
-        entity_category='config', gate_on_presence=True, validate_fn=validate)
+        key, icon, prefix, entity_category="config", gate_on_presence=True, validate_fn=validate
+    )


 WASHER_COURSE = Capability(
-    href='/course/vs/0',
+    href="/course/vs/0",
    entities=(
-        cycle_select(translation_key='washer_cycle', icon='mdi:washing-machine',
-                     table_href='/st/washercourse/vs/0'),
-        SensorDesc(key='drum_clean_cycles_remaining', name='Drum clean due in',
-                   icon='mdi:washing-machine-alert', unit='cycles',
-                   state_class='measurement',
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: _drum_clean_cycles_remaining(rep) is not None,
-                   rep_fn=_drum_clean_cycles_remaining),
-        SensorDesc(key='drum_clean_last_cleaned', name='Drum last cleaned',
-                   icon='mdi:calendar-clock', device_class='timestamp',
-                   entity_category='diagnostic',
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: _drum_clean_last_cleaned(rep) is not None,
-                   rep_fn=_drum_clean_last_cleaned),
-        SelectDesc(key='detergent_quantity', name='Detergent quantity', icon='mdi:cup-water',
-                   translation_key='washer_dosing_quantity',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   options=_level_options('DetergentLevelCtrl'),
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: bool(
-                       _level_options('DetergentLevelCtrl')(resources)),
-                   rep_fn=_dosing_level('DetergentLevelCtrl'),
-                   write_fn=_level_write('DetergentLevelCtrl')),
-        SelectDesc(key='detergent_water_hardness', name='Detergent water hardness',
-                   icon='mdi:water-opacity',
-                   translation_key='washer_detergent_water_hardness',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   options=_level_options('DetergentLevel2Ctrl'),
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: bool(
-                       _level_options('DetergentLevel2Ctrl')(resources)),
-                   rep_fn=_dosing_level('DetergentLevel2Ctrl'),
-                   write_fn=_level_write('DetergentLevel2Ctrl')),
-        SelectDesc(key='softener_quantity', name='Softener quantity', icon='mdi:flask-outline',
-                   translation_key='washer_dosing_quantity',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   options=_level_options('SoftenerLevelCtrl'),
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: bool(
-                       _level_options('SoftenerLevelCtrl')(resources)),
-                   rep_fn=_dosing_level('SoftenerLevelCtrl'),
-                   write_fn=_level_write('SoftenerLevelCtrl')),
-        SelectDesc(key='softener_concentration', name='Softener concentration',
-                   icon='mdi:flask-plus-outline',
-                   translation_key='washer_softener_concentration',
-                   entity_category='config',
-                   options=_level_options('SoftenerLevel2Ctrl'),
-                   exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: bool(
-                       _level_options('SoftenerLevel2Ctrl')(resources)),
-                   rep_fn=_dosing_level('SoftenerLevel2Ctrl'),
-                   write_fn=_level_write('SoftenerLevel2Ctrl')),
-        BinarySensorDesc(key='detergent_low', name='Detergent low',
-                         icon='mdi:alert-circle-outline', device_class='problem',
-                         exists_fn=bool_option_exists('DetergentAlarm'),
-                         rep_fn=_dosing_low('DetergentAlarm')),
-        BinarySensorDesc(key='softener_low', name='Softener low',
-                         icon='mdi:alert-circle-outline', device_class='problem',
-                         exists_fn=bool_option_exists('SoftenerAlarm'),
-                         rep_fn=_dosing_low('SoftenerAlarm')),
-        _bool_option_switch('bubble_soak', 'Bubble soak', 'mdi:chart-bubble',
-                             'BubbleSoak', 'BubbleSoakSet'),
-        _bool_option_switch('pre_wash', 'Pre wash', 'mdi:washing-machine',
-                             'PreWashSetting', 'PreWashAvailableSet'),
-        _bool_option_switch('intensive', 'Intensive', 'mdi:washing-machine',
-                             'IntensiveSetting', 'IntensiveAvailableSet'),
+        cycle_select(
+            translation_key="washer_cycle",
+            icon="mdi:washing-machine",
+            table_href="/st/washercourse/vs/0",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="drum_clean_cycles_remaining",
+            unit="cycles",
+            icon="mdi:washing-machine-alert",
+            state_class="measurement",
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: drum_clean_cycles_remaining(rep) is not None,
+            rep_fn=drum_clean_cycles_remaining,
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="drum_clean_last_cleaned",
+            device_class="timestamp",
+            icon="mdi:calendar-clock",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: drum_clean_last_cleaned(rep) is not None,
+            rep_fn=drum_clean_last_cleaned,
+        ),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="detergent_quantity",
+            icon="mdi:cup-water",
+            translation_key="detergent_quantity",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options=_level_options("DetergentLevelCtrl"),
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: bool(_level_options("DetergentLevelCtrl")(resources)),
+            rep_fn=_dosing_level("DetergentLevelCtrl"),
+            write_fn=_level_write("DetergentLevelCtrl"),
+        ),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="detergent_water_hardness",
+            icon="mdi:water-opacity",
+            translation_key="detergent_water_hardness",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options=_level_options("DetergentLevel2Ctrl"),
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: bool(_level_options("DetergentLevel2Ctrl")(resources)),
+            rep_fn=_dosing_level("DetergentLevel2Ctrl"),
+            write_fn=_level_write("DetergentLevel2Ctrl"),
+        ),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="softener_quantity",
+            icon="mdi:flask-outline",
+            translation_key="softener_quantity",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options=_level_options("SoftenerLevelCtrl"),
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: bool(_level_options("SoftenerLevelCtrl")(resources)),
+            rep_fn=_dosing_level("SoftenerLevelCtrl"),
+            write_fn=_level_write("SoftenerLevelCtrl"),
+        ),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="softener_concentration",
+            icon="mdi:flask-plus-outline",
+            translation_key="softener_concentration",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options=_level_options("SoftenerLevel2Ctrl"),
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: bool(_level_options("SoftenerLevel2Ctrl")(resources)),
+            rep_fn=_dosing_level("SoftenerLevel2Ctrl"),
+            write_fn=_level_write("SoftenerLevel2Ctrl"),
+        ),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="detergent_low",
+            device_class="problem",
+            icon="mdi:alert-circle-outline",
+            exists_fn=bool_option_exists("DetergentAlarm"),
+            rep_fn=_dosing_low("DetergentAlarm"),
+        ),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="softener_low",
+            device_class="problem",
+            icon="mdi:alert-circle-outline",
+            exists_fn=bool_option_exists("SoftenerAlarm"),
+            rep_fn=_dosing_low("SoftenerAlarm"),
+        ),
+        _bool_option_switch("bubble_soak", "mdi:chart-bubble", "BubbleSoak", "BubbleSoakSet"),
+        _bool_option_switch(
+            "pre_wash", "mdi:washing-machine", "PreWashSetting", "PreWashAvailableSet"
+        ),
+        _bool_option_switch(
+            "intensive", "mdi:washing-machine", "IntensiveSetting", "IntensiveAvailableSet"
+        ),
    ),
 )
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+"""Capabilities for the Samsung water-purifier family (TP2X_WATERPURIFIER-class,
+issue #90, model TP2X_WATERPURIFIER_20K; also AILITE_DA-REF-WATERPURIFIER-class,
+issue #196, model RWP70F15ANW/AILITE_WATERPURIFIER_25K).
+
+Resources verified against the issue #90 and #196 diagnostics dumps.
+"""
+
+from ..batch import is_stub_rep
+from ..capability import Capability
+from ..entities import BinarySensorDesc, NumberDesc, SelectDesc, SensorDesc, SwitchDesc
+from .common import int_or_none
+from .common import parse_iso_utc as _parse_iso_utc
+
+DISPENSE = Capability(
+    href="/setting/waterpurifier/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="dispense_type",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.desiredType",
+            icon="mdi:cup-water",
+            options_field="x.com.samsung.da.supportedTypes",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["setting", "waterpurifier", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.desiredType": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+        # Only a handful of discrete temperatures are selectable -- a select
+        # over the live-reported set, not a number with invented bounds.
+        # Newer boards (issue #196) don't populate supportedHotTemperatures
+        # at all, reporting a hotwaterRange/hotwaterLevel pair instead with
+        # no confirmed write contract -- gate the entity off entirely there
+        # rather than guess at that pair's meaning (an empty options list
+        # otherwise left current_option rendering "unknown").
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="hot_water_temperature",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.tempDesiredHotWater",
+            icon="mdi:thermometer",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options_field="x.com.samsung.da.supportedHotTemperatures",
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
+                is_stub_rep(rep) or "x.com.samsung.da.supportedHotTemperatures" in rep
+            ),
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["setting", "waterpurifier", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.tempDesiredHotWater": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+        # Bounds and step come live from the device's own
+        # desiredCapacityRange/capacityResolution, not a hardcoded constant.
+        # No unit is set: capacityUnit reads "C" on this dump, which can't
+        # be right for a volume field, so it's left unset rather than
+        # assumed to be mL.
+        NumberDesc(
+            key="dispense_capacity",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.desiredCapacity",
+            icon="mdi:cup-water",
+            value_fn=int_or_none,
+            range_field="x.com.samsung.da.desiredCapacityRange",
+            step_fn=lambda rep: int_or_none(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.capacityResolution")) or 1,
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["setting", "waterpurifier", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.desiredCapacity": str(round(float(p)))},
+            ),
+        ),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="pouring",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.pourStatus",
+            icon="mdi:cup-water",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+STATUS = Capability(
+    href="/status/waterpurifier/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="waterpurifier_status",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.status",
+            icon="mdi:water-pump",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="filter_door_status",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.filterDoorStatus",
+            device_class="door",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "Open",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="sterilize_period",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.sterilizePeriod",
+            icon="mdi:calendar-sync",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="sterilize_run_time",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.sterilizeRunTime",
+            icon="mdi:timer-outline",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="sterilize_last_time",
+            device_class="timestamp",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            rep_fn=lambda rep: _parse_iso_utc(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.sterilizeLastTime")),
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="sterilize_plan_time",
+            device_class="timestamp",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            rep_fn=lambda rep: _parse_iso_utc(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.sterilizePlanTime")),
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="filter_clean_remain_time",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.filterCleanRemainTime",
+            icon="mdi:timer-sand",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+FAVORITE_CAPACITY = Capability(
+    href="/favorite/capacity/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="favorite_capacity_enabled",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.switchCapacity",
+            icon="mdi:star-outline",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["favorite", "capacity", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.switchCapacity": "On" if p == "On" else "Off"},
+            ),
+        ),
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="favorite_capacity",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.defaultCapacity",
+            icon="mdi:cup-water",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options_field="x.com.samsung.da.capacityList",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["favorite", "capacity", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.defaultCapacity": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+
+def _status_lock_definitely_lacks_hotwater_field(resources: dict) -> bool:
+    """Three-way read of /status/lock/vs/0's hotwaterLock field, favoring
+    LOCK.hotwater_lock (the primary descriptor) whenever the outcome is
+    still ambiguous: href absent -> True (fallback may claim the entity);
+    href present but an unfetched stub ({}) -> False (pending, not
+    confirmed absence -- LOCK's own exists_fn optimistically includes
+    itself through a stub too, so returning True would register both
+    descriptors under one key until the next poll); href present and
+    fetched -> the real answer."""
+    rep = resources.get("/status/lock/vs/0")
+    if rep is None:
+        return True
+    if not rep:
+        return False
+    return "x.com.samsung.da.hotwaterLock" not in rep
+
+
+FAVORITE_HOTWATER = Capability(
+    href="/favorite/hotwater/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        # Despite the naming, switchHotwater's value domain is
+        # Locked/Unlocked, not an enable flag (issue #144) -- the same
+        # hot-water lock as LOCK.hotwater_lock below, surfaced through this
+        # href on boards that don't populate /status/lock/vs/0's
+        # hotwaterLock. Shares that descriptor's key so only one "Hot water
+        # lock" entity appears; both halves need an exists_fn since
+        # adapter.flatten() only ever honors exists_fn, not entity.py's
+        # implicit field-presence default -- without it, whichever
+        # same-keyed descriptor is processed last would silently win.
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="hotwater_lock",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.switchHotwater",
+            device_class="lock",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v != "Unlocked",
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: (
+                "x.com.samsung.da.switchHotwater" in rep
+                and _status_lock_definitely_lacks_hotwater_field(resources)
+            ),
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["favorite", "hotwater", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.switchHotwater": "Locked" if p == "On" else "Unlocked"},
+            ),
+        ),
+        # Issue #196: `supportedList` is only the four fixed presets -- the
+        # app also lets the user add one custom value to their own display
+        # list, which shows up in `showList` but never in `supportedList`.
+        # Reading from `supportedList` meant a unit whose current default
+        # was that custom value rendered as "unknown"; `showList` is a
+        # superset that always includes the actual current default.
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="favorite_hotwater_temperature",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.favorite.defaultTemperature",
+            icon="mdi:thermometer",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options_field="x.com.samsung.da.favorite.showList",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["favorite", "hotwater", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.favorite.defaultTemperature": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Coffee-capable variant (issue #107). No 'x.com.samsung.da.' field prefix
+# on this resource, unlike the rest of the water-purifier surface.
+COFFEE = Capability(
+    href="/favorite/coffee/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="favorite_coffee_enabled",
+            field="favorite.activate",
+            icon="mdi:coffee-outline",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v == "On",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["favorite", "coffee", "vs", "0"],
+                {"favorite.activate": "On" if p == "On" else "Off"},
+            ),
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="coffee_brew_status",
+            field="brew.status",
+            icon="mdi:coffee-outline",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Cup-detection status (issue #196, RWP70F15ANW). Only "UnReady" observed;
+# the full state domain isn't confirmed, so this stays a plain diagnostic
+# sensor rather than an enum with an invented state table.
+CUP_STATE = Capability(
+    href="/cup/state/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="cup_state",
+            field="water.cup.state",
+            icon="mdi:cup-outline",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Sound mode/output/volume (issue #196). Shapes echo laundry.py/
+# air_purifier.py's same-named hrefs, but this board's own supportedModes
+# (voice/fixedTone/mute) differs from both, so these read the device's own
+# supported list/range rather than reusing either.
+SOUND_MODE = Capability(
+    href="/settings/sound/mode/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        SelectDesc(
+            key="sound_mode",
+            translation_key="water_purifier_sound_mode",
+            field="mode",
+            icon="mdi:volume-high",
+            entity_category="config",
+            options_field="supportedModes",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["settings", "sound", "mode", "vs", "0"],
+                {"mode": p},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+SOUND_OUTPUT = Capability(
+    href="/settings/sound/output/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="sound_output",
+            field="deviceType",
+            icon="mdi:volume-high",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+        # No confirmed write contract (no sibling field advertising this as
+        # user-settable) -- surfaced read-only per the 'don't guess' rule.
+        BinarySensorDesc(
+            key="alarm_in_mute",
+            field="alarmInMute",
+            icon="mdi:volume-mute",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=lambda v: str(v).lower() == "true",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+SOUND_VOLUME = Capability(
+    href="/settings/sound/volume/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        NumberDesc(
+            key="sound_volume",
+            field="level",
+            icon="mdi:volume-medium",
+            entity_category="config",
+            native_min_fn=lambda rep: int_or_none(rep.get("minLevel")) or 0,
+            native_max_fn=lambda rep: int_or_none(rep.get("maxLevel")) or 0,
+            step_fn=lambda rep: int_or_none(rep.get("resolution")) or 1,
+            value_fn=int_or_none,
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["settings", "sound", "volume", "vs", "0"],
+                {"level": str(int(p))},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Last-pour statistics (issue #196). last.capacity's unit isn't confirmed
+# (no sibling unit field on this resource) so it's left unitless rather
+# than assumed to be mL.
+STATISTIC_POUR = Capability(
+    href="/statistic/pour/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="cold",
+    entities=(
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="last_pour_type",
+            field="last.type",
+            icon="mdi:cup-water",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+        ),
+        SensorDesc(
+            key="last_pour_capacity",
+            field="last.capacity",
+            icon="mdi:cup-water",
+            entity_category="diagnostic",
+            value_fn=int_or_none,
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+LOCK = Capability(
+    href="/status/lock/vs/0",
+    poll_tier="warm",
+    entities=(
+        # Shares its key with FAVORITE_HOTWATER's switchHotwater fallback
+        # above (issue #144); see the comment there. A stub rep ({}) still
+        # counts as "present" here, matching entity.py's own default.
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="hotwater_lock",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.hotwaterLock",
+            device_class="lock",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v != "Unlocked",
+            exists_fn=lambda rep, resources: not rep or "x.com.samsung.da.hotwaterLock" in rep,
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["status", "lock", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.hotwaterLock": "Locked" if p == "On" else "Unlocked"},
+            ),
+        ),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="coldwater_lock",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.coldwaterLock",
+            device_class="lock",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v != "Unlocked",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["status", "lock", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.coldwaterLock": "Locked" if p == "On" else "Unlocked"},
+            ),
+        ),
+        SwitchDesc(
+            key="buzz_lock",
+            field="x.com.samsung.da.buzzLock",
+            device_class="lock",
+            entity_category="config",
+            value_fn=lambda v: v != "Unlocked",
+            write_fn=lambda p, rep, href=None: (
+                ["status", "lock", "vs", "0"],
+                {"x.com.samsung.da.buzzLock": "Locked" if p == "On" else "Unlocked"},
+            ),
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+# Water-purifier-scoped coverage: hrefs with no user-actionable state or no
+# confirmed contract, following the 'don't guess' rule.
+_WP_IGNORED = [
+    # supportedModes carries a single opaque wizard-workflow token and
+    # modes reports an unrelated value not even in supportedModes --
+    # internal plumbing, not a real mode select.
+    "/mode/vs/0",
+    # Static support-flags blob -- no live "current setting" field.
+    "/automation/waterpurifier/vs/0",
+    # Coffee-capable variant (issue #107): static capability-advertisement
+    # blobs or empty, unlike /favorite/coffee/vs/0 (COFFEE above) which
+    # does carry live brew status.
+    "/brand/recipe/info/vs/0",  # revision + max-brand-count metadata
+    "/coffee/custom/recipe/vs/0",  # allowed custom-recipe slot IDs
+    "/recipe/coffee/vs/0",  # same shape, no per-recipe content
+    "/recipe/coffee/deletion/vs/0",  # empty {} on this dump
+]
+
+COVERAGE = [Capability(href=h) for h in _WP_IGNORED]
@@ -1,26 +1,27 @@
 """A Capability binds one OCF resource href to the entities it produces."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations

+from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Callable, Optional

 from .entities import SamsungEntityDescription


@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class Capability:
-    href: Optional[str] = None
+    href: str | None = None
    entities: tuple[SamsungEntityDescription, ...] = ()
-    poll_tier: str = 'cold'                  # 'hot' | 'warm' | 'cold'
-    rt_filter: Optional[str] = None          # bind only if rt_filter in rep.get('rt', ())
-    href_prefix: Optional[str] = None        # pattern caps only: bind only if href starts with this
-    strip_prefix_in_key: bool = False         # strip href_prefix segs before building key_override
+    poll_tier: str = "cold"  # 'hot' | 'warm' | 'cold'
+    rt_filter: str | None = None  # bind only if rt_filter in rep.get('rt', ())
+    href_prefix: str | None = None  # pattern caps only: bind only if href starts with this
+    strip_prefix_in_key: bool = False  # strip href_prefix segs before building key_override
    # Rep field holding this instance's device-given name (e.g. an ice
    # maker's "CUBED_ICE"/"ICE_BITES"), normalized and used as the display
    # name prefix in place of the href-derived instance label. Does not
    # affect key_override/unique_id -- only what's shown in the UI.
-    name_field: Optional[str] = None
-    match_fn: Optional[Callable[[dict, dict], bool]] = None  # match_fn(rep, resources) -> bool
+    name_field: str | None = None
+    match_fn: Callable[[dict, dict], bool] | None = None  # match_fn(rep, resources) -> bool
    # Rare optional hook — only operational-state-style resources use this.
-    on_observation: Optional[Callable[[dict, dict], None]] = None
-    project: Optional[Callable[[dict, dict], dict]] = None
+    on_observation: Callable[[dict, dict], None] | None = None
+    project: Callable[[dict, dict], dict] | None = None
@@ -11,13 +11,15 @@ doesn't have that filter) is *not* a gap — a maintainer already looked at
 that href and decided how to handle it. Only hrefs absent from the registry
 entirely are reported.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations

+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Callable, Iterable, Optional

 from .capability import Capability
 from .entities import SamsungEntityDescription
+from .subdevices import MAIN, Subdevice


@dataclass
@@ -25,18 +27,23 @@ class BoundEntity:
    href: str
    capability: Capability
    desc: SamsungEntityDescription
-    instance: str = ''
-    key_override: Optional[str] = None
-    instance_name: Optional[str] = None
+    instance: str = ""
+    key_override: str | None = None
+    instance_name: str | None = None
+    # Which logical indoor subdevice (issue #177) this entity belongs to.
+    # `href` above is always the actual, on-the-wire href for that
+    # subdevice -- MAIN's to_actual is the identity transform, so a device
+    # with no subdevices is unaffected.
+    subdevice: Subdevice = MAIN


 def _snake_to_title(s: str) -> str:
    """'CUBED_ICE'/'cubed_ice' -> 'Cubed Ice'. Shared with entity.py's
-    _derive_name, which applies the same transform to a state key."""
-    return s.replace('_', ' ').title()
+    _derive_name, which applies the same transform to an href-derived key."""
+    return s.replace("_", " ").title()


-def _instance_name(cap: Capability, rep: dict) -> Optional[str]:
+def _instance_name(cap: Capability, rep: dict) -> str | None:
    """Normalize `cap.name_field`'s raw value ("CUBED_ICE" -> "Cubed Ice")
    for use as a display-name prefix, or None if the cap doesn't declare
    one or the device didn't report it."""
@@ -50,20 +57,37 @@ def _instance_name(cap: Capability, rep: dict) -> Optional[str]:

 def instance_suffix(href: str) -> str:
    """'' for the index-0 instance, else '_<n>' from the trailing segment."""
-    tail = href.rstrip('/').rsplit('/', 1)[-1]
-    if tail.isdigit() and tail != '0':
-        return f'_{tail}'
-    return ''
+    tail = href.rstrip("/").rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+    if tail.isdigit() and tail != "0":
+        return f"_{tail}"
+    return ""


-def _bind(cap: Capability, href: str, inst: str, inst_name: Optional[str],
-          key_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> list[BoundEntity]:
+def _bind(
+    cap: Capability,
+    href: str,
+    inst: str,
+    inst_name: str | None,
+    key_prefix: str | None = None,
+    subdevice: Subdevice = MAIN,
+) -> list[BoundEntity]:
    """Build one BoundEntity per entity on `cap`, sharing the instance/
-    key-prefix/instance-name computed once by the caller."""
+    key-prefix/instance-name computed once by the caller.
+
+    `href` here is the *canonical* href discover() is iterating over;
+    `subdevice.to_actual` maps it to the real, on-the-wire href the entity
+    actually reads/writes (identity for MAIN, so single-subdevice devices are
+    unaffected -- see subdevices.py)."""
    return [
-        BoundEntity(href=href, capability=cap, desc=desc, instance=inst,
-                    key_override=f'{key_prefix}_{desc.key}' if key_prefix else None,
-                    instance_name=inst_name)
+        BoundEntity(
+            href=subdevice.to_actual(href),
+            capability=cap,
+            desc=desc,
+            instance=inst,
+            key_override=f"{key_prefix}_{desc.key}" if key_prefix else None,
+            instance_name=inst_name,
+            subdevice=subdevice,
+        )
        for desc in cap.entities
    ]

@@ -72,14 +96,30 @@ def discover(
    resources: dict[str, dict],
    registry: dict[str, list[Capability]],
    pattern_caps: Iterable[Capability] = (),
-    log: Optional[Callable[[str], None]] = None,
+    log: Callable[[str], None] | None = None,
+    tier_log: Callable[[str, str], None] | None = None,
+    subdevice: Subdevice = MAIN,
 ) -> list[BoundEntity]:
+    """`tier_log(href, poll_tier)` fires for every href a capability
+    actually matches, even a no-entity "coverage-only" capability that
+    `_bind()` turns into zero `BoundEntity` rows. Callers that need a
+    href's poll cadence must use this, not `bound` -- a coverage-only
+    capability's `poll_tier` would otherwise never appear in `bound`.
+
+    `resources` is always keyed by canonical hrefs -- for a subdevice
+    (issue #177), its own canonical view (see subdevices.canonical_view),
+    the same shape as a single-subdevice device's resources dict, so
+    registry lookups behave identically regardless of which subdevice is
+    being discovered. `subdevice` only affects the href stamped onto each
+    BoundEntity and the href `log`/`tier_log` report -- the real,
+    subscribable/pollable path, not the canonical one.
+    """
    out: list[BoundEntity] = []

    for href, rep in resources.items():
        if not isinstance(rep, dict):
            continue
-        rts = rep.get('rt') or ()
+        rts = rep.get("rt") or ()
        caps = registry.get(href) or []
        matched = False

@@ -89,8 +129,10 @@ def discover(
            if cap.match_fn is not None and not cap.match_fn(rep, resources):
                continue
            inst = instance_suffix(href)
-            out.extend(_bind(cap, href, inst, _instance_name(cap, rep)))
+            out.extend(_bind(cap, href, inst, _instance_name(cap, rep), subdevice=subdevice))
            matched = True
+            if tier_log is not None:
+                tier_log(subdevice.to_actual(href), cap.poll_tier)

        if matched:
            continue
@@ -105,13 +147,23 @@ def discover(
                continue
            inst = instance_suffix(href)
            # Auto-derive key prefix from href segments (skip digits and 'vs')
-            src = href[len(cap.href_prefix):] if (cap.strip_prefix_in_key and cap.href_prefix) else href
-            segs = [s for s in src.strip('/').split('/') if s and not s.isdigit() and s != 'vs']
-            out.extend(_bind(cap, href, inst, _instance_name(cap, rep), '_'.join(segs)))
+            src = (
+                href[len(cap.href_prefix) :]
+                if (cap.strip_prefix_in_key and cap.href_prefix)
+                else href
+            )
+            segs = [s for s in src.strip("/").split("/") if s and not s.isdigit() and s != "vs"]
+            out.extend(
+                _bind(
+                    cap, href, inst, _instance_name(cap, rep), "_".join(segs), subdevice=subdevice
+                )
+            )
            matched = True
+            if tier_log is not None:
+                tier_log(subdevice.to_actual(href), cap.poll_tier)
            break

        if not matched and not caps and log is not None:
-            log(href)
+            log(subdevice.to_actual(href))

    return out
@@ -6,17 +6,19 @@ presence gating in exists_fn; write logic in write_fn on command platforms;
 pre-write rejection (surfaced to the user, not just logged) in validate_fn
 where a description declares one.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations

-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from typing import Any, Callable, Optional
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any

-WriteFn = Optional[Callable[[Any, dict], "tuple[list[str], dict] | None"]]
-# (payload, rep, resources) -> a human-readable rejection message, or None to
-# allow the write. resources is the coordinator's full href->rep snapshot, for
-# the same cross-resource lookups exists_fn needs (e.g. reading a sibling
-# href's live option list).
-ValidateFn = Optional[Callable[[Any, dict, dict], "str | None"]]
+WriteFn = Callable[[Any, dict], "tuple[list[str], dict] | None"] | None
+# (payload, rep, resources) -> a translation key, or None to allow the
+# write. resources is the coordinator's full href->rep snapshot, for the same
+# cross-resource lookups exists_fn needs (e.g. reading a sibling href's live
+# option list).
+ValidateFn = Callable[[Any, dict, dict], "str | None"] | None


 def _identity(v: Any) -> Any:
@@ -26,78 +28,86 @@ def _identity(v: Any) -> Any:
@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class SamsungEntityDescription:
    key: str
-    field: str = ''
-    name: Optional[str] = None
+    field: str = ""
+    # Defaults to `key`: entity names and states live in translations/, never
+    # here, so a descriptor only sets this to share one catalog entry across
+    # several descriptors, or to point at a differently-named one.
    translation_key: Any = None  # str | Callable[[dict[str, dict]], Optional[str]]
-    # callable form receives the coordinator's full href->rep resource
-    # snapshot and returns the key to use (or None for no translation this
-    # device) -- for a descriptor shared across board generations whose
-    # state-code meaning isn't guaranteed consistent between them; see
+    # callable form receives the full href->rep snapshot and returns the key
+    # to use -- for a descriptor shared across board generations whose
+    # state-code meaning isn't consistent between them; see
    # laundry.cycle_select's table-id-gated resolver.
-    icon: Optional[str] = None
-    entity_category: Optional[str] = None      # 'diagnostic' | 'config' | None
+    translation_placeholders: Mapping[str, str] | None = None
+    # Dynamic resources such as fridge compartments and ice makers use a
+    # device-provided or href-derived instance label inside a translated name.
+    use_instance_name: bool = False
+    icon: str | None = None
+    entity_category: str | None = None  # 'diagnostic' | 'config' | None
    enabled_default: bool = True
    value_fn: Callable[[Any], Any] = _identity
-    rep_fn: Optional[Callable[[dict], Any]] = None   # replaces field+value_fn; receives full rep
+    rep_fn: Callable[[dict], Any] | None = None  # replaces field+value_fn; receives full rep
    # (rep, resources): rep is this entity's own href's representation;
    # resources is the coordinator's full href->rep snapshot, for gating
    # presence on a sibling resource (e.g. laundry.cycle_options's source).
-    exists_fn: Optional[Callable[[dict, dict], bool]] = None
+    exists_fn: Callable[[dict, dict], bool] | None = None


@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class SensorDesc(SamsungEntityDescription):
-    device_class: Optional[str] = None
-    state_class: Optional[str] = None
-    unit: Optional[str] = None
-    unit_fn: Optional[Callable[[dict], str]] = None  # overrides `unit` from the live rep, when set
-    options: Optional[tuple] = None  # required by HA when device_class == 'enum'
+    device_class: str | None = None
+    state_class: str | None = None
+    unit: str | None = None
+    unit_fn: Callable[[dict], str] | None = None  # overrides `unit` from the live rep, when set
+    options: tuple | None = None  # required by HA when device_class == 'enum'
+    # Opt-in: gate this value behind CONF_FINISH_TIME_HYSTERESIS_MINUTES
+    # (see sensor.py). Only for values expected to jitter between
+    # device-side revisions -- not a general-purpose flag.
+    hysteresis: bool = False


@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class BinarySensorDesc(SamsungEntityDescription):
-    device_class: Optional[str] = None         # value_fn must return bool
+    device_class: str | None = None  # value_fn must return bool


@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class SelectDesc(SamsungEntityDescription):
-    options: Any = ()        # tuple[str,...] | Callable[[dict[str, dict]], list[str]]
+    options: Any = ()  # tuple[str,...] | Callable[[dict[str, dict]], list[str]]
    # callable form receives the coordinator's full href->rep resource
    # snapshot (not just this entity's own href) and returns raw device
    # option values; see select.py's LocalThingsSelect._raw_options().
-    options_field: Optional[str] = None  # resource field that contains the live options list
+    options_field: str | None = None  # resource field that contains the live options list
    write_fn: WriteFn = None


@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class SwitchDesc(SamsungEntityDescription):
-    device_class: Optional[str] = None
+    device_class: str | None = None
    write_fn: WriteFn = None
    validate_fn: ValidateFn = None


@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class ButtonDesc(SamsungEntityDescription):
-    payload: str = ''
+    payload: str = ""
    write_fn: WriteFn = None


@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class NumberDesc(SamsungEntityDescription):
-    device_class: Optional[str] = None
-    unit: Optional[str] = None
-    unit_fn: Optional[Callable[[dict], str]] = None  # overrides `unit` from the live rep, when set
-    native_min: Optional[float] = None
-    native_max: Optional[float] = None
-    step: Optional[float] = None
-    # Override native_min/native_max/step from the live rep, when set --
-    # same "static default, live override" shape as unit_fn, for resources
-    # whose sane bounds depend on a per-device value (e.g. a temperature
-    # setpoint reported in Celsius on one device, Fahrenheit on another).
-    native_min_fn: Optional[Callable[[dict], float]] = None
-    native_max_fn: Optional[Callable[[dict], float]] = None
-    step_fn: Optional[Callable[[dict], float]] = None
-    range_field: Optional[str] = None  # resource field containing [min, max] list
+    device_class: str | None = None
+    unit: str | None = None
+    unit_fn: Callable[[dict], str] | None = None  # overrides `unit` from the live rep, when set
+    native_min: float | None = None
+    native_max: float | None = None
+    step: float | None = None
+    # Override native_min/max/step from the live rep, when set -- same
+    # "static default, live override" shape as unit_fn, for resources whose
+    # bounds depend on a per-device value (e.g. Celsius vs. Fahrenheit).
+    native_min_fn: Callable[[dict], float] | None = None
+    native_max_fn: Callable[[dict], float] | None = None
+    step_fn: Callable[[dict], float] | None = None
+    range_field: str | None = None  # resource field containing [min, max] list
    write_fn: WriteFn = None


@@ -108,29 +118,36 @@ class TimeDesc(SamsungEntityDescription):

@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class ClimateDesc(SamsungEntityDescription):
-    # A composite entity: it binds one *primary* resource (its href) but the
-    # climate platform reads sibling resources (power, temperature, wind) from
-    # the coordinator snapshot and writes to several of them. write_fn takes a
-    # (kind, value) payload from the platform and returns the (path_segs, body)
-    # for that one sub-write, so a single desc drives multi-resource writes.
+    # Composite entity: binds one primary resource (its href) but the
+    # climate platform reads sibling resources from the coordinator
+    # snapshot and writes to several of them. write_fn takes a (kind,
+    # value) payload and returns the (path_segs, body) for that sub-write.
    write_fn: WriteFn = None


@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class FanDesc(SamsungEntityDescription):
    # Composite fan entity: reads power from /power/0 and speed/support data
-    # from its bound href.  Payloads are (kind, value), like ClimateDesc.
+    # from its bound href. Payloads are (kind, value), like ClimateDesc.
+    write_fn: WriteFn = None
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+class WaterHeaterDesc(SamsungEntityDescription):
+    # Composite water_heater entity, same (kind, value) -> (path_segs,
+    # body) write_fn shape as ClimateDesc/FanDesc.
    write_fn: WriteFn = None


 PLATFORM_OF: dict[type, str] = {
-    SensorDesc:       'sensor',
-    BinarySensorDesc: 'binary_sensor',
-    SelectDesc:       'select',
-    SwitchDesc:       'switch',
-    ButtonDesc:       'button',
-    NumberDesc:       'number',
-    TimeDesc:         'time',
-    ClimateDesc:      'climate',
-    FanDesc:          'fan',
+    SensorDesc: "sensor",
+    BinarySensorDesc: "binary_sensor",
+    SelectDesc: "select",
+    SwitchDesc: "switch",
+    ButtonDesc: "button",
+    NumberDesc: "number",
+    TimeDesc: "time",
+    ClimateDesc: "climate",
+    FanDesc: "fan",
+    WaterHeaterDesc: "water_heater",
 }
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-"""Read device identity from standard OCF resources (/oic/p, /oic/d)."""
+"""Read device identity from standard OCF resources (/oic/p, /oic/d, /oic/res)."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations

-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Optional
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field

 import cbor2

@@ -12,7 +12,74 @@ class DeviceIdentity:
    manufacturer: str
    model: str
    name: str
-    serial: Optional[str]
+    serial: str | None
+    device_types: tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    raw: dict[str, dict | list] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+
+def is_placeholder_serial(serial: str) -> bool:
+    """True for a non-empty serialNum that isn't actually a real identity.
+
+    The ARTIK051_DONGLE_REF firmware family reports the literal string
+    'Nothing(SVC)' for every unit -- non-empty, so a plain `if not serial`
+    check doesn't catch it, and two such units on the same install silently
+    collide, dropping the second one's entities (issue #83).
+
+    Issue #189: the DA_WM_A51_20_COMMON (ARTIK051) laundry family reports a
+    flash-unset sentinel instead -- every character the same repeated hex
+    digit -- which the 'nothing' check doesn't catch either, aborting the
+    second unit's config flow as already configured.
+
+    Lives here rather than duplicated in config_flow.py/coordinator.py: the
+    config flow resolves the serial once and persists it for the
+    coordinator to seed its registry keys from (issue #236), so two copies
+    of this rule could let the two sides disagree and orphan a registry
+    entry.
+    """
+    s = serial.strip()
+    if s.lower().startswith("nothing"):
+        return True
+    upper = s.upper()
+    return len(upper) >= 8 and len(set(upper)) == 1 and upper[0] in "0123456789ABCDEF"
+
+
+def resolve_serial(raw_serial: str | None, host: str) -> str:
+    """The device identity to mint registry keys from.
+
+    `raw_serial` is /information/vs/0's x.com.samsung.da.serialNum as the
+    device reported it. Boards that report nothing usable fall back to the
+    host, which is stable per install and unique across devices on one
+    network -- see is_placeholder_serial for the two families that need it.
+    """
+    s = (raw_serial or "").strip()
+    if not s or is_placeholder_serial(s):
+        return host
+    return s
+
+
+def resolve_model(model_num: str, identity: DeviceIdentity | None) -> str:
+    """The model string to name and register a device under.
+
+    `model_num` is /information/vs/0's modelNum, which many boards report
+    as `<model>|<board>` -- only the part before the pipe is recognizable.
+    A board reporting no modelNum falls back to /oic/p's mnmo. Shared with
+    resolve_serial's motivation: two copies of this split rule could let
+    the config flow and the coordinator's post-poll recompute disagree, and
+    a device renaming itself after the first poll is the visible symptom.
+    """
+    if model_num:
+        return model_num.split("|", 1)[0]
+    return identity.model if identity else ""
+
+
+def device_display_name(device_type_name: str | None, model: str) -> str:
+    """The HA device name for a resolved device type + model. Shared by the
+    config flow and the coordinator's post-discovery rebuild, so the name a
+    device is first registered under matches what discovery produces later
+    -- otherwise every setup would rename the device once the first poll
+    landed."""
+    device_type = device_type_name.replace("_", " ").title() if device_type_name else "Appliance"
+    return f"Samsung {device_type} ({model})" if model else f"Samsung {device_type}"


 def _get(sess, path) -> dict:
@@ -26,12 +93,59 @@ def _get(sess, path) -> dict:
    return {}


-def read_identity(sess, serial: Optional[str]) -> DeviceIdentity:
-    p = _get(sess, ['oic', 'p'])
-    d = _get(sess, ['oic', 'd'])
+def _get_links(sess, path) -> list:
+    """Like _get, but for /oic/res: a baseline-Interface RETRIEVE on it
+    returns a CBOR array of Link objects (href/rt/if/di/...), not a single
+    Property map."""
+    try:
+        code, pl = sess.get(path, timeout=10.0)
+        if code == 0x45 and pl:
+            body = cbor2.loads(pl)
+            return body if isinstance(body, list) else []
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    return []
+
+
+def _device_types(d: dict) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    """/oic/d's `rt` -- the device's own OCF device-type declaration.
+
+    The one standardized "what am I" field in OCF: alongside the generic
+    'oic.wk.d' it carries a concrete type like 'oic.d.airconditioner' or a
+    SmartThings 'x.com.st.d.*' equivalent. `registry/by_type/resolve()`
+    consults this first, via `for_device_by_oic_type`, but only a minority
+    of dumps populate it, so the modelNum/description path stays
+    load-bearing. Kept whole in diagnostics (see `raw` below) so issue
+    reports keep surfacing types the table doesn't know about yet.
+    """
+    rt = d.get("rt")
+    if isinstance(rt, str):
+        rt = [rt]
+    if not isinstance(rt, (list, tuple)):
+        return ()
+    return tuple(t for t in rt if isinstance(t, str))
+
+
+def read_identity(sess, serial: str | None) -> DeviceIdentity:
+    p = _get(sess, ["oic", "p"])
+    d = _get(sess, ["oic", "d"])
+    # /oic/res is OCF's baseline resource-discovery endpoint: a unicast
+    # RETRIEVE returns every Resource/Collection href this endpoint hosts,
+    # not just /device/0. Relevant for the "Composite Device" model (issue
+    # #177: one physical device exposing more than one logical subdevice,
+    # each its own Collection). registry.subdevices.enumerate_subdevices
+    # reads this to find a board's `/device/<n>` siblings -- that probing
+    # used to run right here on every _connect_session/reconnect and moved
+    # to that module so it only runs once, at first discovery.
+    res = _get_links(sess, ["oic", "res"])
    return DeviceIdentity(
-        manufacturer=p.get('mnmn') or 'Samsung',
-        model=p.get('mnmo') or '',
-        name=d.get('n') or '',
+        manufacturer=p.get("mnmn") or "Samsung",
+        model=p.get("mnmo") or "",
+        name=d.get("n") or "",
        serial=serial,
+        device_types=_device_types(d),
+        # Kept whole rather than field-by-field: outside the /device/0 dump
+        # diagnostics already captures, and we don't yet know which fields
+        # will turn out to identify a device type.
+        raw={"/oic/p": p, "/oic/d": d, "/oic/res": res},
    )
@@ -10,18 +10,39 @@ under — new device types will have unknown-shaped data we can't fully
 enumerate in advance, so this errs on catching the field by name rather
 than only redacting inside hrefs we already recognize.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations

 REDACTED = "**REDACTED**"

 _SENSITIVE_SUBSTRINGS = (
-    'mac', 'serial', 'token', 'login', 'account', 'email',
-    'userid', 'deviceid', 'uuid', 'duid', 'password', 'secret',
+    "mac",
+    "serial",
+    "token",
+    "login",
+    "account",
+    "email",
+    "userid",
+    "deviceid",
+    "uuid",
+    "duid",
+    "password",
+    "secret",
 )

+# Matched whole, not as substrings: OCF's /oic/d and /oic/p identify the
+# unit with bare one/two-letter keys too short for the substring rules above
+# ('di' is a substring of 'condition', 'display', ...). 'di'/'pi' are the
+# device/platform UUIDs; 'n' is /oic/d's free-text device name, which may
+# carry a person's name -- the device-type signal we actually want from
+# that resource is `rt`, which is not redacted.
+_SENSITIVE_EXACT = frozenset({"di", "pi", "n"})
+

 def _is_sensitive_key(key: str) -> bool:
    lowered = key.lower()
+    if lowered in _SENSITIVE_EXACT:
+        return True
    return any(s in lowered for s in _SENSITIVE_SUBSTRINGS)


@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Raises ValueError at import if any href group contains an unfiltered cap
 alongside other caps (i.e., a cap with neither rt_filter nor match_fn set
 in a group with multiple caps).
 """
+
 from .capabilities import ALL
 from .capability import Capability

@@ -32,8 +33,7 @@ def _build() -> dict[str, list[Capability]]:
    # Validate: every group with >1 cap must have all caps filtered
    for href, caps in out.items():
        if len(caps) > 1:
-            unfiltered = [c for c in caps
-                          if c.rt_filter is None and c.match_fn is None]
+            unfiltered = [c for c in caps if c.rt_filter is None and c.match_fn is None]
            if unfiltered:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"duplicate capability href {href!r} has unfiltered cap(s); "
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+"""Subdevice ("composite device") support for one physical connection
+exposing more than one logical indoor subdevice -- issue #177.
+
+Three discovery patterns, unified by the same shape: a logical subdevice is
+a seed collection path to poll, plus an href transform between the
+canonical href the registry knows (e.g. `/mode/vs/0`) and the actual
+on-the-wire href.
+
+- **Pattern A -- indexed siblings** (`ARTIK051_DONGLE_FAC_18K`). `/oic/res`
+  lists parallel resource sets by trailing index (`/mode/vs/0`,
+  `/mode/vs/1`, ...); each sibling has its own `/device/<n>` Collection.
+- **Pattern B -- UUID-prefixed tree** (`TP2X_FAC_BORA_21K`). `/oic/res`
+  hides the tree; `/subdevices/vs/0`'s `subdeviceIdList` gives the UUID.
+  `GET /<uuid>/device/0` is tried first; when it comes back empty (issue
+  #205 -- not even the reference board always exposes it), this falls back
+  to probing every href the master answered this cycle individually under
+  the UUID prefix (see `Subdevice.flat_hrefs`).
+- **Pattern C -- UUID prefix via `/oic/res` only** (`AWM-WW-AID-26-ONEBODY`
+  washer+dryer combo, issue #241). No `subdeviceIdList`, `/device/<n>`
+  404s; the sibling's UUID only appears as a link prefix in `/oic/res`
+  (e.g. the `x.com.samsung.da.multidevice` link) -- treated as Pattern B's
+  transform with the UUID sourced from there instead.
+
+A non-empty seed batch is necessary but not sufficient for a candidate to
+be a real second subdevice: an unused SmartThings slot (e.g. the Pattern A
+reporter's own `/device/2`) answers the same shape with constant/echoed
+reps and no live state. Gating on resource shape would need per-family
+domain knowledge, so `discover_partitioned` instead gates at the *entity*
+layer: a candidate is only materialized if it produces at least one live,
+non-`None`, primary (no `entity_category`), non-meter bound entity. The
+meter exclusion (issue #214) covers a second failure mode: an unused slot
+reporting a populated whole-appliance energy counter, which is the
+appliance's own bookkeeping, not evidence of a second indoor unit -- see
+`_has_live_primary_entity`.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+import cbor2
+
+from .batch import parse_device0_batch
+from .by_type._base import DeviceRegistry
+
+_INDEXED_HREF_RE = re.compile(r"^/device/(\d+)$")
+
+# A UUID as the first path segment of an /oic/res link href -- Pattern C's
+# discovery signal (issue #241).
+_UUID_PREFIX_RE = re.compile(r"^/([0-9a-fA-F]{8}(?:-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}){3}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12})/")
+
+# Speculative /device/<n> siblings probed when /oic/res doesn't reveal a
+# second subdevice's Collection (moved here from identity.py, issue #177,
+# since the old read_identity fired these on every _connect_session
+# including reconnects, when enumeration only needs to run once). A plain
+# tolerated-404 RETRIEVE, not the kind of guess the write-contract
+# 'don't guess' rule is about. Widen only if a board needs more siblings.
+_SPECULATIVE_DEVICE_INDICES = (1, 2)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Subdevice:
+    """One logical indoor subdevice reachable over a single physical
+    connection.
+
+    `kind='main'` is the subdevice this config entry actually connects to
+    and always exists (see MAIN below) -- its `to_actual`/`to_canonical`
+    are the identity transform, so a single-subdevice device behaves
+    exactly as before this module existed. `'indexed'`/`'prefixed'` are
+    Pattern A/B above; `key` is the trailing index string ('1', '2', ...)
+    or the full subdevice UUID, and `seed_path` is the Collection href (as
+    path segments) whose batch enumerates/refreshes that subdevice.
+
+    `flat_hrefs` is non-empty only for a 'prefixed' subdevice with no
+    Collection at `seed_path` (issue #205). When set, `seed_path` is
+    meaningless (left as `()`) and this subdevice's state comes from
+    GETting each of these canonical hrefs individually under its prefix
+    instead -- see enumerate_subdevices' fallback and
+    coordinator._poll_subdevice_seed.
+    """
+
+    kind: str  # 'main' | 'indexed' | 'prefixed'
+    key: str  # ''    | '1'       | '6c2dff6d-ee5c-dad1-6a5e-000000000001'
+    seed_path: tuple[str, ...]
+    flat_hrefs: tuple[str, ...] = ()
+
+    def to_actual(self, canonical: str) -> str:
+        """Canonical registry href (e.g. '/mode/vs/0') -> the real,
+        on-the-wire href for this subdevice."""
+        if self.kind == "indexed":
+            head, sep, tail = canonical.rpartition("/")
+            # Only the index-0 trailing segment is ours to rewrite -- not a
+            # "replace any trailing digit" rule, which would misread a
+            # genuine multi-instance resource (e.g. the fridge's
+            # '/door/vs/1') as a subdevice's. No registry declares a
+            # non-zero trailing index today.
+            if tail == "0":
+                return f"{head}{sep}{self.key}"
+            return canonical
+        if self.kind == "prefixed":
+            return f"/{self.key}{canonical}"
+        return canonical
+
+    def to_canonical(self, actual: str) -> str | None:
+        """Inverse of to_actual, or None when `actual` isn't this subdevice's."""
+        if self.kind == "indexed":
+            head, sep, tail = actual.rpartition("/")
+            if tail == self.key:
+                return f"{head}{sep}0"
+            return None
+        if self.kind == "prefixed":
+            prefix = f"/{self.key}"
+            if actual.startswith(prefix + "/"):
+                return actual[len(prefix) :]
+            return None
+        return actual
+
+    def owns(self, actual: str) -> bool:
+        """True if `actual` belongs to this subdevice's namespace. MAIN
+        never "owns" anything by this definition -- it gets whatever's
+        left after every other subdevice's hrefs are excluded (see
+        canonical_view)."""
+        if self.kind == "main":
+            return False
+        return self.to_canonical(actual) is not None
+
+    @property
+    def key_prefix(self) -> str:
+        """Prefix guaranteeing a unique entity key/unique_id (see
+        adapter._key). '' for MAIN, so the master's flattened state keys
+        stay byte-identical to every device shipped before issue #177. The
+        full subdevice UUID is used verbatim (non-alphanumerics stripped)
+        rather than an enumeration-order ordinal, since it's device-reported
+        and stable across reconnects; it never appears in a user-visible
+        string, since HA derives entity_id from device+entity name, not
+        unique_id.
+        """
+        if self.kind == "indexed":
+            return f"subdevice{self.key}_"
+        if self.kind == "prefixed":
+            slug = re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9]", "", self.key)
+            return f"subdevice_{slug}_"
+        return ""
+
+
+MAIN = Subdevice(kind="main", key="", seed_path=("device", "0"))
+
+
+def canonical_view(
+    subdevice: Subdevice,
+    resources: dict[str, dict],
+    subdevices: list[Subdevice],
+) -> dict[str, dict]:
+    """Rewrite `resources` (real, on-the-wire hrefs) into `subdevice`'s own
+    canonical namespace -- what discover()/exists_fn/rep_fn/is_legacy_board
+    and friends are written against.
+
+    For MAIN this is the snapshot minus every href owned by one of the
+    other subdevices in `subdevices` -- otherwise a sibling's own
+    `/mode/vs/1` would leak into the master's view under the canonical key
+    ('/mode/vs/0') the master's own resource also maps to. For an
+    indexed/prefixed subdevice it's the reverse: only the hrefs that
+    subdevice owns, rewritten back through `to_canonical`.
+
+    `subdevices` may or may not include MAIN itself -- MAIN.owns() is
+    always False, so including it is harmless.
+    """
+    if subdevice.kind == "main":
+        owned_elsewhere = {href for href in resources if any(su.owns(href) for su in subdevices)}
+        return {h: r for h, r in resources.items() if h not in owned_elsewhere}
+    return {
+        canon: resources[actual]
+        for actual in resources
+        if (canon := subdevice.to_canonical(actual)) is not None
+    }
+
+
+def normalize_seed_batch(subdevice: Subdevice, batch: dict[str, dict]) -> dict[str, dict]:
+    """Real, on-the-wire hrefs from one subdevice's seed-collection batch,
+    normalized so every href actually carries this subdevice's prefix/index.
+
+    Indexed subdevices need no change -- the device echoes the real `/x/<n>`
+    href in its own `/device/<n>` batch. A prefixed subdevice's batch
+    entries may or may not already carry the `/<id>` prefix (unconfirmed),
+    so it's added when missing.
+    """
+    if subdevice.kind != "prefixed":
+        return batch
+    prefix = f"/{subdevice.key}"
+    return {
+        (href if href.startswith(prefix + "/") else f"{prefix}{href}"): rep
+        for href, rep in batch.items()
+    }
+
+
+def _iter_oic_res_hrefs(oic_res):
+    """Flatten /oic/res's raw shape into a flat iterable of link dicts.
+
+    Both captured dumps group links by `di` (`[{'di': ..., 'links': [...]}]`
+    -- see identity.py's read_identity/_get_links), so that's the shape
+    handled here. Tolerant of a flat link-list too, and of anything else by
+    yielding nothing.
+    """
+    for entry in oic_res or []:
+        if not isinstance(entry, dict):
+            continue
+        if "links" in entry:
+            for link in entry.get("links") or []:
+                if isinstance(link, dict):
+                    yield link
+        elif "href" in entry:
+            yield entry
+
+
+def _seed_href(path_segs: tuple[str, ...]) -> str:
+    """('device', '1') -> '/device/1' -- the leading-slash href form
+    `probe_log` and diagnostics report, built from the path-segment form
+    `sess.get` takes."""
+    return "/" + "/".join(path_segs)
+
+
+def _get_raw(sess, path_segs: tuple[str, ...]):
+    """GET `path_segs` and CBOR-decode the payload, or None on any
+    missing/malformed response (a 4.04, a timeout, an empty payload) --
+    shared tolerated-absence posture for both callers below."""
+    try:
+        code, pl = sess.get(list(path_segs), timeout=10.0)
+        if code == 0x45 and pl:
+            return cbor2.loads(pl)
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    return None
+
+
+def _get_batch(sess, path_segs: tuple[str, ...]) -> dict[str, dict]:
+    """GET a Samsung Collection resource and parse it the same way
+    /device/0 itself is parsed (parse_device0_batch): a [devcol-rep,
+    {href, rep}, ...] CBOR list, not a bare Property map."""
+    body = _get_raw(sess, path_segs)
+    return parse_device0_batch(body) if isinstance(body, list) else {}
+
+
+def _get_property(sess, path_segs: tuple[str, ...]) -> dict:
+    """GET a plain OCF Property-map resource (a bare dict, not a Collection
+    batch). Used for `/multidevice/vs/0`: listed in `/oic/res` but absent
+    from `/device/0`'s batch, so it needs its own RETRIEVE."""
+    body = _get_raw(sess, path_segs)
+    return body if isinstance(body, dict) else {}
+
+
+def enumerate_subdevices(
+    sess,
+    resources: dict[str, dict],
+    oic_res_links,
+    probe_log: Callable[[str, bool], None] | None = None,
+) -> tuple[list[Subdevice], dict[str, dict]]:
+    """Discover every sibling indoor subdevice reachable over `sess`'s
+    connection.
+
+    Runs once, at first discovery, in an executor, under the coordinator's
+    session lock -- every GET here is a plain RETRIEVE. Returns the
+    *candidate* subdevices and the resources already fetched while probing
+    them (normalized to real hrefs), so the coordinator's first discovery
+    poll doesn't need to re-poll them.
+
+    `probe_log(seed_href, found)` fires for every seed attempted, whether
+    or not it answered, so diagnostics can tell "checked, nothing there"
+    apart from "never checked".
+
+    Every candidate whose seed answers with a non-empty batch is returned
+    here -- this function can't tell a real sibling from an unused
+    SmartThings slot that answers the same shape; that requires
+    discovering+flattening the candidate's own entities first, which is
+    `discover_partitioned`'s job. See this module's docstring.
+    """
+    subdevices: list[Subdevice] = []
+    fetched: dict[str, dict] = {}
+    # Case-insensitive -- the same UUID can reach here once from
+    # subdeviceIdList and once from an /oic/res link prefix with different
+    # casing, and probing it twice would materialize the same physical
+    # subdevice as two Subdevice candidates.
+    probed_ids: set[str] = set()
+
+    def _probed(seed_href: str, batch: dict) -> None:
+        if probe_log is not None:
+            probe_log(seed_href, bool(batch))
+
+    def _probe_prefixed(sub_id: str) -> None:
+        """Materialize one UUID-prefixed subdevice candidate -- shared by
+        Pattern B (ids from subdeviceIdList) and Pattern C (ids from
+        /oic/res link prefixes) below, which differ only in where the UUID
+        came from."""
+        if sub_id.lower() in probed_ids:
+            return
+        probed_ids.add(sub_id.lower())
+        seed = (sub_id, "device", "0")
+        batch = _get_batch(sess, seed)
+        _probed(_seed_href(seed), batch)
+        if batch:
+            subdevice = Subdevice(kind="prefixed", key=sub_id, seed_path=seed)
+            fetched.update(normalize_seed_batch(subdevice, batch))
+            subdevices.append(subdevice)
+            return
+        # Fallback (issue #205): even the reference TP2X_FAC_BORA_21K board
+        # doesn't always expose its own `/<uuid>/device/0` Collection. With
+        # no Collection to seed from and no per-UUID entry in /oic/res to
+        # enumerate hrefs from, the only signal left is that a composite
+        # device's siblings share the master's own resource surface -- so
+        # probe every href the master answered this cycle, individually,
+        # under this UUID's prefix, and keep whichever answer. Each is a
+        # plain tolerated-404 RETRIEVE.
+        #
+        # Known gap: a firmware that echoes the master's own state back
+        # under an unrecognized prefix, rather than 4.04ing, would pass
+        # every probe here and could materialize a phantom duplicate. Every
+        # board seen so far genuinely 4.04s on paths it doesn't own (issue
+        # #205's unit answered only 1 of 31 probes), so this hasn't been
+        # guarded against -- the fix would compare a candidate's confirmed
+        # reps against the master's own values for the same hrefs.
+        flat_hrefs = []
+        first = True
+        for href in sorted(resources):
+            if not first:
+                sess.pace()
+            first = False
+            actual = f"/{sub_id}{href}"
+            rep = _get_property(sess, tuple(actual.strip("/").split("/")))
+            _probed(actual, rep)
+            if rep:
+                flat_hrefs.append(href)
+                fetched[actual] = rep
+        if not flat_hrefs:
+            return
+        subdevices.append(
+            Subdevice(
+                kind="prefixed",
+                key=sub_id,
+                seed_path=(),
+                flat_hrefs=tuple(flat_hrefs),
+            )
+        )
+
+    # --- Pattern B: UUID-prefixed tree (TP2X_FAC_BORA_21K) ------------------
+    raw_ids = (resources.get("/subdevices/vs/0") or {}).get("x.com.samsung.da.subdeviceIdList")
+    # Tolerate anything but a list of strings -- this field is
+    # redaction-prone (matches redact.py's 'deviceid' rule) and a shipped
+    # fixture carries the literal string 'REDACTED' there. That must yield
+    # zero subdevices, not a crash -- issue #177 is additive and must never
+    # break an already-working single-climate-entity device.
+    ids = raw_ids if isinstance(raw_ids, list) else []
+    listed = sorted(i for i in ids if isinstance(i, str) and i)
+    for sub_id in listed:
+        _probe_prefixed(sub_id)
+
+    # --- Pattern C: UUID prefix advertised only via /oic/res ----------------
+    # (AWM-WW-AID-26-ONEBODY washer+dryer combo, issue #241.) No
+    # /subdevices/vs/0 and /device/<n> 404s; the only trace of the sibling
+    # is a UUID-prefixed link in /oic/res (the x.com.samsung.da.multidevice
+    # link). Its own tree answers a full Collection at /<uuid>/device/0,
+    # exactly Pattern B's transform, so every UUID path prefix seen in
+    # /oic/res is treated as a candidate. _probe_prefixed's probed_ids
+    # guard (not a set difference against `listed`) is what keeps an id
+    # already named by subdeviceIdList from being probed twice, since the
+    # two sources can disagree on case.
+    linked = sorted(
+        {
+            m.group(1)
+            for link in _iter_oic_res_hrefs(oic_res_links)
+            for m in [_UUID_PREFIX_RE.match(link.get("href", ""))]
+            if m
+        }
+    )
+    for sub_id in linked:
+        _probe_prefixed(sub_id)
+
+    # --- Pattern A: indexed siblings (ARTIK051_DONGLE_FAC_18K) --------------
+    indices = sorted(
+        {
+            int(m.group(1))
+            for link in _iter_oic_res_hrefs(oic_res_links)
+            for m in [_INDEXED_HREF_RE.match(link.get("href", ""))]
+            if m and int(m.group(1)) >= 1
+        }
+    )
+    if not indices:
+        # A board that hides its whole tree from /oic/res gives us nothing
+        # to enumerate from -- fall back to the bounded speculative probe
+        # this replaces from identity.py.
+        indices = list(_SPECULATIVE_DEVICE_INDICES)
+    for n in indices:
+        seed = ("device", str(n))
+        batch = _get_batch(sess, seed)
+        _probed(_seed_href(seed), batch)
+        if not batch:
+            continue
+        subdevice = Subdevice(kind="indexed", key=str(n), seed_path=seed)
+        fetched.update(batch)  # already real /x/<n> hrefs, no normalization needed
+        subdevices.append(subdevice)
+
+    # /multidevice/vs/0: listed in /oic/res on some boards but never in
+    # /device/0's batch, so it needs its own RETRIEVE. A plain corroborating
+    # count (numofsubdevice), confirmed read-only -- captured for
+    # diagnostics only, folded into the merged resources dict like any
+    # other href (see airconditioner._AC_IGNORED). Not a gate:
+    # discover_partitioned's entity-level liveness check decides
+    # materialization without it.
+    multidevice_seed = ("multidevice", "vs", "0")
+    multidevice = _get_property(sess, multidevice_seed)
+    _probed(_seed_href(multidevice_seed), multidevice)
+    if multidevice:
+        fetched["/multidevice/vs/0"] = multidevice
+
+    return subdevices, fetched
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SkippedSubdevice:
+    """A candidate `enumerate_subdevices` found whose seed answered, but
+    that `discover_partitioned`'s entity-level liveness gate rejected -- an
+    unused SmartThings slot, not a real second subdevice. Kept around so a
+    caller can log/report what was skipped and why."""
+
+    subdevice: Subdevice
+    hrefs: tuple[str, ...]
+
+
+# Sensor kinds whose value is a running total the appliance keeps rather
+# than a reading of the subdevice's own hardware -- excluded from the
+# liveness gate below (issue #214). HA's running-total state classes cover
+# most of them; the consumption device classes catch the rest (a descriptor
+# may deliberately declare no state_class, e.g. common.ENERGY_METER's
+# monthly totals that reset at each billing boundary).
+_METER_STATE_CLASSES = frozenset({"total", "total_increasing"})
+_METER_DEVICE_CLASSES = frozenset({"energy", "water", "gas"})
+
+
+def _is_meter(desc) -> bool:
+    """True for a cumulative consumption/counter descriptor -- see the two
+    constants above. Only SensorDesc carries either attribute; everything
+    else answers False through the getattr defaults."""
+    return (
+        getattr(desc, "state_class", None) in _METER_STATE_CLASSES
+        or getattr(desc, "device_class", None) in _METER_DEVICE_CLASSES
+    )
+
+
+def _has_live_primary_entity(bound, state: dict) -> bool:
+    """True if flattening `bound` (one candidate subdevice's BoundEntity
+    list) produced at least one non-`None` value for a primary entity
+    (`entity_category` unset) that isn't a cumulative meter (`_is_meter`).
+
+    This is the materialization gate itself (see this module's docstring).
+    Two exclusions, both because the question this answers is "is a
+    physical subdevice installed at this slot?", and neither kind of value
+    can speak to it:
+
+    - **Non-primary entities.** An unused slot can still flatten to a
+      diagnostic-category value derived from an empty resource (e.g. a
+      formatted `alarm_code` off an empty `/alarms/vs/2`) -- that proves
+      nothing about whether hardware is there.
+    - **Cumulative meters** (issue #214). An unused slot has been seen
+      reporting a populated whole-appliance `cumulativePower` while every
+      operational rep on it is empty `{}`. A single-split AC has one
+      compressor and one energy meter, so a whole-appliance total showing
+      up under a second index is the appliance's own bookkeeping, not
+      evidence of a second indoor unit. A genuinely installed subdevice
+      reports its own operational state too, and that is what still passes
+      this gate.
+    """
+    from .adapter import _key  # see discover_partitioned's deferred-import note
+
+    return any(
+        not b.desc.entity_category and not _is_meter(b.desc) and state.get(_key(b)) is not None
+        for b in bound
+    )
+
+
+def discover_partitioned(
+    resources: dict[str, dict],
+    subdevices: list[Subdevice],
+    resolve_registry: Callable[..., DeviceRegistry | None],
+    fallback_capabilities: dict,
+    log: Callable[[str], None] | None = None,
+    tier_log: Callable[[str, str], None] | None = None,
+    oic_device_types: Sequence[str] = (),
+):
+    """Bind every href in `resources` (the merged, real-href snapshot --
+    main plus every enumerated subdevice's seed) to entities, partitioned
+    by which subdevice owns it.
+
+    Main pass runs over hrefs owned by no subdevice -- otherwise every
+    `/mode/vs/1` would land in `unbound_hrefs` too and raise a spurious
+    coverage-gap repair. Then one pass per candidate subdevice over its own
+    canonical view, resolving that subdevice's own device type from its own
+    `/information/vs/0` when it reports one, falling back to the master's
+    registry otherwise -- a sibling that fails to answer its own identity
+    resource is still treated as the same appliance type as the master.
+
+    Each candidate is discovered and flattened twice: once silently to
+    evaluate `_has_live_primary_entity`, and, only if that passes, a second
+    time with `log`/`tier_log` wired so its coverage gaps and poll tiers
+    actually count. A candidate that fails the gate contributes nothing at
+    all, as if it had never answered its seed.
+
+    `oic_device_types` (from the master's own `/oic/d`) is passed only to
+    the master's resolution -- subdevices resolve from their own
+    `/information/vs/0` or fall back to the master's whole registry, and
+    blindly applying the master's OCF device type to every subdevice would
+    be wrong the moment a composite appliance pairs two different device
+    types under one connection.
+
+    Returns `(bound, device_type_name, materialized, skipped)`:
+    - `bound`: the concatenated BoundEntity list (main + every materialized
+      subdevice).
+    - `device_type_name`: the master's resolved device type (used for
+      logging/device naming; each subdevice's own resolved type only
+      affects which capabilities bind its hrefs).
+    - `materialized`: the subset of `subdevices` that passed the gate, in
+      the same order -- what the caller should keep as its live subdevice
+      roster going forward (poll seeds, canonical_resources,
+      device_info_for, ...).
+    - `skipped`: `SkippedSubdevice` entries for every candidate that didn't.
+    """
+    # Deferred import: discovery.py imports Subdevice/MAIN from this module
+    # at module scope, so importing discover() back here at module scope
+    # would be circular. By the time this function runs both modules are
+    # fully loaded; adapter.py imports discovery.py, so the same applies to
+    # flatten()/_key().
+    from .adapter import flatten
+    from .discovery import discover
+
+    # Same computation canonical_view does for MAIN -- reuse it rather than
+    # re-deriving owned_elsewhere here too.
+    main_view = canonical_view(MAIN, resources, subdevices)
+
+    reg = resolve_registry(main_view, device_types=oic_device_types)
+    caps, pats = (
+        (reg.capabilities, reg.pattern_capabilities)
+        if reg is not None
+        else (fallback_capabilities, [])
+    )
+    # MAIN is never gated -- the config entry's own physical connection
+    # always materializes regardless of what its entities' values are.
+    bound = discover(main_view, caps, pats, log=log, tier_log=tier_log, subdevice=MAIN)
+    device_type_name = reg.name if reg is not None else None
+
+    materialized: list[Subdevice] = []
+    skipped: list[SkippedSubdevice] = []
+
+    for su in subdevices:
+        view = canonical_view(su, resources, subdevices)
+        su_reg = resolve_registry(view) or reg
+        su_caps, su_pats = (
+            (su_reg.capabilities, su_reg.pattern_capabilities)
+            if su_reg is not None
+            else (fallback_capabilities, [])
+        )
+        probe_bound = discover(view, su_caps, su_pats, subdevice=su)
+        probe_state = flatten(probe_bound, resources)
+        if _has_live_primary_entity(probe_bound, probe_state):
+            materialized.append(su)
+            bound = bound + discover(
+                view,
+                su_caps,
+                su_pats,
+                log=log,
+                tier_log=tier_log,
+                subdevice=su,
+            )
+        else:
+            skipped.append(
+                SkippedSubdevice(
+                    subdevice=su,
+                    hrefs=tuple(sorted({b.href for b in probe_bound})),
+                )
+            )
+
+    return bound, device_type_name, materialized, skipped
@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
 """Select platform for Local Things."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations

 import re
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import cast

 from homeassistant.components.select import SelectEntity
 from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry
 from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
 from homeassistant.helpers.entity_platform import AddEntitiesCallback

-from .registry.entities import SelectDesc
-
+from .catalog import translated_states
 from .const import DOMAIN
 from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
 from .entity import LocalThingsEntity, _is_included
+from .registry.entities import SelectDesc


 async def async_setup_entry(
@@ -29,57 +30,73 @@ async def async_setup_entry(
    )


-_CAMEL_BOUNDARY_RE = re.compile(r'(?<=[a-z0-9])(?=[A-Z])')
+_CAMEL_BOUNDARY_RE = re.compile(r"(?<=[a-z0-9])(?=[A-Z])")


-def _display(value, translation_key: Optional[str]):
+def _translation_state(value: str, known: frozenset[str]) -> str | None:
+    """Return the catalog state `value` normalizes to, else None.
+
+    Samsung reports options in whatever casing the resource uses
+    ('Rinse_Hold', 'SpTtypeBeerDrinks', '1b'); Home Assistant looks state
+    translations up by a lowercase key. Only values the catalog actually
+    knows are normalized -- an unrecognized (or future) vendor value keeps
+    its own readable form rather than becoming an untranslatable slug.
+    """
+    direct = value.lower().replace(" ", "_")
+    if direct in known:
+        return direct
+    snake = _CAMEL_BOUNDARY_RE.sub("_", value).lower().replace(" ", "_")
+    return snake if snake in known else None
+
+
+def _display(value, translation_key: str | None):
    """Turn a raw device option/state value into what's shown in the UI.

-    `translation_key` is the entity's already-resolved key (SelectDesc.
-    translation_key can itself be a callable -- see entities.py -- so
-    callers pass the resolved value, e.g. self.translation_key, not
-    the raw descriptor field).
+    `translation_key` is the entity's already-resolved key (it can itself
+    be a callable -- see entities.py -- so callers pass the resolved
+    value, not the raw descriptor field).

-    An entity with a translation_key looks its state up in strings.json,
-    and hassfest requires those keys to be lowercase -- so those values
-    must be lowercased exactly to match, and the device still expects
-    that same raw casing back on write (callers map the displayed value
-    back to raw via _raw_options()).
-
-    Everything else has no strings.json lookup, so there's no reason to
-    destroy the device's own casing. Only two cosmetic fixups apply: a
-    fully lowercase device-native token (e.g. "voice") is title-cased,
-    and a PascalCase token (e.g. "ExtraHigh") gets a space inserted at
-    the case boundary ("Extra High"). A value that's already
-    human-friendly (e.g. "AI Wash") matches neither pattern and passes
-    through unchanged.
+    An entity with a translation_key looks its state up in the shipped
+    translation catalog, whose state keys are lowercase, and the device
+    still expects that same raw casing back on write (mapped back via
+    _raw_options()). Everything else has no catalog lookup, so there's no
+    reason to destroy the device's own casing: only two cosmetic fixups
+    apply, title-casing a fully lowercase token ("voice") and spacing a
+    PascalCase one ("ExtraHigh" -> "Extra High"); an already-friendly value
+    ("AI Wash") matches neither and passes through unchanged.
    """
    if not isinstance(value, str):
        return value
    if translation_key:
-        return value.lower()
+        known = translated_states("select", translation_key)
+        if not known:
+            # No state table for this key: either untranslated, or its
+            # options deliberately aren't (an unrecognized course table).
+            return value
+        if translated := _translation_state(value, known):
+            return translated
    if value.islower():
-        return value.replace('_', ' ').title()
-    return _CAMEL_BOUNDARY_RE.sub(' ', value)
+        return value.replace("_", " ").title()
+    return _CAMEL_BOUNDARY_RE.sub(" ", value)


 class LocalThingsSelect(LocalThingsEntity, SelectEntity):
-
    def __init__(self, coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator, bound) -> None:
        super().__init__(coordinator, bound)
-        desc: SelectDesc = bound.desc
+        desc = cast(SelectDesc, bound.desc)
        if not desc.options_field and not callable(desc.options):
            self._attr_options = [_display(o, self.translation_key) for o in desc.options]

    def _raw_options(self) -> list[str]:
-        desc: SelectDesc = self._bound.desc
+        desc = cast(SelectDesc, self._bound.desc)
        if callable(desc.options):
            # Per-device option list computed from the full resource
-            # snapshot (not just this entity's own href) -- e.g. a course
-            # list decoded from a sibling resource. There is no static
-            # fallback: when that resource isn't populated the callable
-            # returns [] and the entity's exists_fn suppresses it entirely.
-            return list(desc.options(self.coordinator.last_resources) or [])
+            # snapshot -- e.g. a course list decoded from a sibling
+            # resource. No static fallback: when unpopulated, the callable
+            # returns [] and exists_fn suppresses the entity entirely. Uses
+            # this subdevice's canonical view (issue #177), not the raw
+            # snapshot -- see LocalThingsEntity._resources.
+            return list(desc.options(self._resources) or [])
        if desc.options_field:
            rep = self.coordinator.last_resources.get(self._bound.href) or {}
            return list(rep.get(desc.options_field) or [])
@@ -87,7 +104,7 @@ class LocalThingsSelect(LocalThingsEntity, SelectEntity):

    @property
    def options(self) -> list[str]:
-        desc: SelectDesc = self._bound.desc
+        desc = cast(SelectDesc, self._bound.desc)
        if desc.options_field or callable(desc.options):
            return [_display(o, self.translation_key) for o in self._raw_options()]
        return self._attr_options
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 """Sensor platform for Local Things."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations

-from homeassistant.components.sensor import SensorEntity, SensorDeviceClass, SensorStateClass
+from datetime import timedelta
+from typing import cast
+
+from homeassistant.components.sensor import SensorDeviceClass, SensorEntity, SensorStateClass
 from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry
 from homeassistant.const import EntityCategory
 from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
@@ -9,12 +13,15 @@ from homeassistant.helpers.device_registry import DeviceInfo
 from homeassistant.helpers.entity_platform import AddEntitiesCallback
 from homeassistant.helpers.update_coordinator import CoordinatorEntity

-from .observe import MODE_OBSERVE, MODE_POLL
-from .registry.entities import SensorDesc
-
-from .const import DOMAIN
+from .const import (
+    CONF_FINISH_TIME_HYSTERESIS_MINUTES,
+    DEFAULT_FINISH_TIME_HYSTERESIS_MINUTES,
+    DOMAIN,
+)
 from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
 from .entity import LocalThingsEntity, _is_included
+from .observe import MODE_OBSERVE, MODE_POLL
+from .registry.entities import SensorDesc


 async def async_setup_entry(
@@ -23,7 +30,7 @@ async def async_setup_entry(
    async_add_entities: AddEntitiesCallback,
 ) -> None:
    coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator = hass.data[DOMAIN][entry.entry_id]
-    entities = [
+    entities: list[SensorEntity] = [
        LocalThingsSensor(coordinator, b)
        for b in coordinator.bound
        if isinstance(b.desc, SensorDesc) and _is_included(b, coordinator)
@@ -33,26 +40,61 @@ async def async_setup_entry(


 class LocalThingsSensor(LocalThingsEntity, SensorEntity):
-
    def __init__(self, coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator, bound) -> None:
        super().__init__(coordinator, bound)
-        desc: SensorDesc = bound.desc
+        desc = cast(SensorDesc, bound.desc)
        self._attr_native_unit_of_measurement = desc.unit
-        self._attr_device_class = desc.device_class
-        self._attr_state_class = desc.state_class
+        self._attr_device_class = (
+            SensorDeviceClass(desc.device_class) if desc.device_class else None
+        )
+        self._attr_state_class = SensorStateClass(desc.state_class) if desc.state_class else None
        if desc.options:
            self._attr_options = list(desc.options)
+        self._hysteresis_value = None

    @property
    def native_unit_of_measurement(self):
-        desc: SensorDesc = self._bound.desc
+        desc = cast(SensorDesc, self._bound.desc)
        if desc.unit_fn is not None:
            return desc.unit_fn(self.coordinator.resource(self._bound.href))
        return self._attr_native_unit_of_measurement

    @property
    def native_value(self):
-        return (self.coordinator.data or {}).get(self._state_key)
+        raw = (self.coordinator.data or {}).get(self._state_key)
+        desc = cast(SensorDesc, self._bound.desc)
+        if not desc.hysteresis:
+            return raw
+        return self._apply_hysteresis(raw)
+
+    def _apply_hysteresis(self, raw):
+        """Hold the last value this entity actually reported until a new one
+        differs by at least the configured threshold, regardless of how long
+        that difference has been building up (this is a deadband, not a
+        time-based debounce).
+
+        Values like finish_time are `now() + remaining`, recomputed from
+        scratch every poll -- both wall-clock drift between the device's own
+        remaining-time updates and the device revising its own estimate mid-
+        cycle produce a stream of small, real changes that are individually
+        meaningless but each trigger a recorder/logbook entry. A cycle
+        ending (raw is None) or starting (cache empty) always passes through
+        immediately -- only in-between jitter while a value already exists
+        on both sides gets held back.
+        """
+        assert self.coordinator.config_entry is not None
+        threshold_min = self.coordinator.config_entry.options.get(
+            CONF_FINISH_TIME_HYSTERESIS_MINUTES, DEFAULT_FINISH_TIME_HYSTERESIS_MINUTES
+        )
+        if (
+            threshold_min
+            and raw is not None
+            and self._hysteresis_value is not None
+            and abs(raw - self._hysteresis_value) < timedelta(minutes=threshold_min)
+        ):
+            return self._hysteresis_value
+        self._hysteresis_value = raw
+        return raw


 class LocalThingsConnectionModeSensor(CoordinatorEntity[LocalThingsCoordinator], SensorEntity):
@@ -61,12 +103,11 @@ class LocalThingsConnectionModeSensor(CoordinatorEntity[LocalThingsCoordinator],
    Disabled by default — it's for troubleshooting, not everyday use."""

    _attr_has_entity_name = True
-    _attr_name = 'Connection mode'
-    _attr_translation_key = 'connection_mode'
+    _attr_translation_key = "connection_mode"
    _attr_entity_category = EntityCategory.DIAGNOSTIC
    _attr_entity_registry_enabled_default = False
    _attr_device_class = SensorDeviceClass.ENUM
-    _attr_options = [MODE_OBSERVE, MODE_POLL]
+    _attr_options = [MODE_OBSERVE, MODE_POLL]  # noqa: RUF012 -- HA `_attr_*` convention

    def __init__(self, coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator) -> None:
        super().__init__(coordinator)
@@ -1,302 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "entity": {
-    "select": {
-      "door_alert": {
-        "state": {
-          "1": "Alarm 1",
-          "2": "Alarm 2",
-          "3": "Alarm 3",
-          "4": "Alarm 4"
-        }
-      },
-      "brightness_level": {
-        "state": {
-          "33": "Low",
-          "66": "Medium",
-          "100": "High"
-        }
-      },
-      "range_hood_lamp_brightness": {
-        "state": {
-          "1": "Level 1",
-          "2": "Level 2"
-        }
-      },
-      "ice_type": {
-        "state": {
-          "off": "Off",
-          "whiskey_iceball_3": "3 Balls/Day",
-          "whiskey_iceball_6": "6 Balls/Day",
-          "whiskey_iceball_9": "9 Balls/Day"
-        }
-      },
-      "beverage_zone_mode": {
-        "state": {
-          "sp_ttype_beer_drinks": "Beverage",
-          "sp_ttype_wine_dessert": "Wine and Dessert"
-        }
-      },
-      "pantry_zone_mode": {
-        "state": {
-          "fdr_wine": "Wine",
-          "fdr_deli": "Deli",
-          "fdr_drinks": "Drinks"
-        }
-      },
-      "flex_zone_mode": {
-        "state": {
-          "cv_ttype_rf9000a_freeze": "Freeze",
-          "cv_ttype_rf9000a_softfreeze": "Soft Freeze",
-          "cv_ttype_rf9000a_meat_fish": "Meat/Fish",
-          "cv_ttype_rf9000a_fruit_veggies": "Fruit & Veggies",
-          "cv_ttype_rf9000a_beverage": "Beverage",
-          "cv_fdr_wine": "Wine",
-          "cv_fdr_deli": "Deli",
-          "cv_fdr_beverage": "Beverage",
-          "cv_fdr_meat": "Meat",
-          "cv_fdr_soft_freezer": "Soft Freezer"
-        }
-      },
-      "dishwasher_cycle": {
-        "state": {
-          "0e": "AI Wash",
-          "07": "Pre blast",
-          "90": "Self clean",
-          "86": "Normal",
-          "83": "Express 60",
-          "84": "Heavy",
-          "8d": "Pots and pans",
-          "80": "Delicate",
-          "8e": "Plastic",
-          "8f": "Baby Care"
-        }
-      },
-      "washer_cycle_table_02": {
-        "state": {
-          "1c": "Eco 40-60",
-          "1d": "Super Speed",
-          "21": "Colours",
-          "1b": "Cotton",
-          "1e": "15' Quick Wash",
-          "29": "Drum Clean+",
-          "24": "Towels",
-          "33": "Bedding",
-          "28": "Drain/Spin",
-          "26": "Delicates",
-          "27": "Rinse+Spin",
-          "22": "Wool",
-          "20": "Hygiene Steam",
-          "23": "Outdoor",
-          "25": "Synthetics",
-          "32": "Shirts",
-          "2f": "Activewear",
-          "2e": "Baby Care",
-          "30": "Cloudy Day",
-          "66": "Denim",
-          "2d": "Silent Wash",
-          "8f": "Intense Cold",
-          "96": "Less Microfiber",
-          "36": "Wash+Dry",
-          "37": "Air Wash",
-          "38": "Cotton Dry",
-          "39": "Synthetics Dry",
-          "1f": "Intense Cold"
-        }
-      },
-      "dryer_cycle_table_03": {
-        "state": {
-          "16": "Cotton",
-          "18": "Synthetics",
-          "19": "Delicates",
-          "1a": "Wool",
-          "1b": "Bedding",
-          "1c": "Shirts",
-          "1d": "Towels",
-          "1e": "Outdoor",
-          "1f": "Mixed Load",
-          "20": "Iron Dry",
-          "23": "Quick Dry 35",
-          "24": "Cool Air",
-          "25": "Warm Air",
-          "27": "Time Dry"
-        }
-      },
-      "washer_dosing_quantity": {
-        "state": {
-          "00": "None",
-          "01": "Low",
-          "02": "Medium",
-          "03": "High"
-        }
-      },
-      "washer_detergent_water_hardness": {
-        "state": {
-          "01": "Soft",
-          "02": "Medium",
-          "03": "Hard"
-        }
-      },
-      "washer_softener_concentration": {
-        "state": {
-          "01": "1x",
-          "02": "2x",
-          "03": "3x"
-        }
-      },
-      "washer_dry_level": {
-        "state": {
-          "none": "Off",
-          "cupboard": "Cupboard",
-          "30": "30 min",
-          "60": "1 hr",
-          "90": "1 hr 30",
-          "120": "2 hr",
-          "180": "3 hr",
-          "240": "4 hr"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "sensor": {
-      "ice_making_status": {
-        "state": {
-          "icestatus_stop": "Idle",
-          "icestatus_run": "Making ice"
-        }
-      },
-      "connection_mode": {
-        "state": {
-          "observe": "Push (observe)",
-          "poll": "Polling"
-        }
-      },
-      "machine_state": {
-        "state": {
-          "idle": "Idle",
-          "active": "Active",
-          "pause": "Paused"
-        }
-      },
-      "air_filter_status": {
-        "state": {
-          "normal": "Normal",
-          "wash": "Wash",
-          "replace": "Replace"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "climate": {
-      "airconditioner": {
-        "state_attributes": {
-          "fan_mode": {
-            "state": {
-              "auto": "Auto",
-              "low": "Low",
-              "medium": "Medium",
-              "high": "High",
-              "turbo": "Turbo"
-            }
-          },
-          "swing_mode": {
-            "state": {
-              "off": "Fixed",
-              "both": "All directions",
-              "vertical": "Up and down"
-            }
-          },
-          "preset_mode": {
-            "state": {
-              "none": "Off",
-              "sleep": "Sleep",
-              "quiet": "Quiet",
-              "smart": "Smart",
-              "speed": "Speed"
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  "config": {
-    "step": {
-      "user": {
-        "title": "Add Samsung Appliance",
-        "description": "Enter the IP address of your Samsung appliance and the AC14K_M CA credentials used to mint device certificates. {reuse_note}",
-        "data": {
-          "host": "IP Address",
-          "ca_cert_pem": "CA Certificate (PEM)",
-          "ca_key_pem": "CA Private Key (PEM)"
-        },
-        "data_description": {
-          "host": "Local IP address of your Samsung appliance (e.g. 192.168.1.50).",
-          "ca_cert_pem": "The PEM-encoded AC14K_M CA certificate chain. Paste the full contents of your fullchain PEM including all BEGIN/END CERTIFICATE blocks.",
-          "ca_key_pem": "The PEM-encoded AC14K_M private key. Paste the full contents including the BEGIN/END PRIVATE KEY header and footer."
-        }
-      },
-      "confirm_unknown_type": {
-        "title": "Appliance type not recognized",
-        "description": "This appliance reported oneUiVersion \"{one_ui_version}\", which isn't a recognized type. It'll still be added, but only with common capabilities (power, alarms, etc. where present) rather than the full set for its family. You can help add full support afterward by downloading diagnostics for this device (Settings > Devices & Services > this device > the menu > Download diagnostics) and filing them in a new issue. Submit to add it anyway."
-      }
-    },
-    "error": {
-      "cannot_connect": "Cannot connect to the device. Verify the IP address is reachable and the CA credentials are correct.",
-      "invalid_ca": "The CA certificate or private key could not be loaded. Verify the PEM contents are correct and the key matches the certificate.",
-      "unknown": "Unexpected error. Check the Home Assistant logs for details."
-    },
-    "abort": {
-      "already_configured": "This device is already configured."
-    }
-  },
-  "options": {
-    "step": {
-      "init": {
-        "title": "Local Things Options",
-        "menu_options": {
-          "settings": "Remote control write settings",
-          "debug_write": "Debug: write to a resource"
-        }
-      },
-      "settings": {
-        "title": "Remote control write settings",
-        "description": "Some devices accept certain writes (e.g. default detergent/softener dosing on a washer) even while reporting remote control off. By default, LocalThings blocks every write with a clear error whenever a device reports remote control off, rather than letting the device silently reject it. Only enable this if you've confirmed writes actually work on this device with remote control off -- otherwise you'll trade that clear error for a silent failure.",
-        "data": {
-          "bypass_remote_control_lock": "Allow writes even when remote control is reported off"
-        }
-      },
-      "debug_write": {
-        "title": "Debug: write to a resource",
-        "description": "Power-user tool for pinning down device-specific write behavior. Pick the resource (href) you want to write to, or type a custom one that isn't listed. This bypasses the remote-control-off block and sends exactly the fields you provide -- it can misconfigure your appliance, so use it deliberately.",
-        "data": {
-          "href": "Resource href"
-        }
-      },
-      "debug_edit": {
-        "title": "Debug write: {href}",
-        "description": "Current value of `{href}`:\n```\n{current_value}\n```\nEnter ONLY the field(s) you want to change below. What you enter is sent to the device as-is (a partial update); it is NOT merged with the fields shown above, so don't paste the whole value back. Mind the types: a numeric string like \"1\" must stay quoted -- a bare 1 is sent as an integer, which some devices reject.",
-        "data": {
-          "payload": "Payload to write"
-        }
-      },
-      "debug_result": {
-        "title": "Debug write result",
-        "description": "The device returned CoAP code {code}. A 2.xx class means the write was accepted; 4.xx/5.xx means it was rejected. The resource now reads:\n```\n{new_value}\n```\nIf the value is unchanged, the device likely dropped the write. Pick what to do next:",
-        "menu_options": {
-          "debug_write": "Write another resource",
-          "finish": "Finish"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "error": {
-      "empty_payload": "Enter at least one field to write.",
-      "write_failed": "The write failed. Check the Home Assistant logs for details."
-    },
-    "abort": {
-      "not_loaded": "This device isn't connected yet. Try again once it has loaded."
-    }
-  },
-  "issues": {
-    "device_gap": {
-      "title": "Incomplete capability coverage for {device_name}",
-      "description": "This device is missing full capability coverage. Either its appliance type wasn't recognized, or some of the resources it exposes aren't modeled yet. It'll keep working with whatever is already supported. You can help expand support by going to Settings > Devices & Services > {device_name} > the menu (top right) > Download diagnostics, then filing it with the linked issue template."
-    }
-  }
-}
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 """Switch platform for Local Things."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations

-from homeassistant.components.switch import SwitchEntity
+from homeassistant.components.switch import SwitchDeviceClass, SwitchEntity
 from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry
 from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
 from homeassistant.helpers.entity_platform import AddEntitiesCallback

-from .registry.entities import SwitchDesc
-
 from .const import DOMAIN
 from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
 from .entity import LocalThingsEntity, _is_included
+from .registry.entities import SwitchDesc


 async def async_setup_entry(
@@ -27,18 +27,19 @@ async def async_setup_entry(


 class LocalThingsSwitch(LocalThingsEntity, SwitchEntity):
-
    def __init__(self, coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator, bound) -> None:
        super().__init__(coordinator, bound)
        desc: SwitchDesc = bound.desc
-        self._attr_device_class = desc.device_class
+        self._attr_device_class = (
+            SwitchDeviceClass(desc.device_class) if desc.device_class else None
+        )

    @property
    def is_on(self):
        return (self.coordinator.data or {}).get(self._state_key)

    async def async_turn_on(self, **kwargs) -> None:
-        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, 'On')
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, "On")

    async def async_turn_off(self, **kwargs) -> None:
-        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, 'Off')
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, "Off")
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Time platform for Local Things."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations

 import datetime
@@ -8,11 +9,10 @@ from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry
 from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
 from homeassistant.helpers.entity_platform import AddEntitiesCallback

-from .registry.entities import TimeDesc
-
 from .const import DOMAIN
 from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
 from .entity import LocalThingsEntity, _is_included
+from .registry.entities import TimeDesc


 async def async_setup_entry(
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ async def async_setup_entry(


 class LocalThingsTime(LocalThingsEntity, TimeEntity):
-
    @property
    def native_value(self) -> datetime.time | None:
        return (self.coordinator.data or {}).get(self._state_key)
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+"""Water heater platform for Local Things.
+
+Second composite entity in this integration (see climate.py's module
+docstring for the general pattern): a single HA water_heater card for a
+Samsung EHS heat pump's domestic hot water (DHW) loop. It binds the primary
+`WaterHeaterDesc` (the `/mode/dhw/vs/0` capability, DHW.entities in
+registry/capabilities/ehs.py) and reads the sibling `/power/dhw/vs/0` and
+`/temperatures/dhw/vs/0` resources straight from the coordinator snapshot,
+the same cross-resource read climate.py uses.
+
+Writes go through `coordinator.async_send_command`: DHW's `write_fn`
+(ehs._dhw_write) maps each `(kind, value)` payload to the right
+`(path_segs, body)`, applying the optimistic value/settle guard to that
+resource's own href rather than the bound `/mode/dhw/vs/0` href.
+
+Operation-mode vocabulary: the DHW loop's four device modes (Eco/Std/Force/
+Power) map onto HA's own standard water_heater states, the same mapping
+HA core's `smartthings` integration uses for this exact Samsung capability
+(`samsungce.ehsThermostat`), just title-cased to match this OCF resource's
+spelling. Reusing HA's standard states means no state translation catalog
+entry is needed for them.
+
+Naming differs from climate.py's: the AC *is* the device, so its card takes
+the bare device name. An EHS unit has two loops, and DHW isn't "the
+device" (siblings are named "Zone Mode"/"Zone Target Temperature"), so this
+entity is named through the catalog via `translation_key='dhw'`
+(entity.water_heater.dhw.name -> "Hot water").
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+
+from homeassistant.components.water_heater import (
+    STATE_ECO,
+    STATE_HEAT_PUMP,
+    STATE_HIGH_DEMAND,
+    STATE_PERFORMANCE,
+    WaterHeaterEntity,
+    WaterHeaterEntityFeature,
+)
+from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry
+from homeassistant.const import STATE_OFF, UnitOfTemperature
+from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
+from homeassistant.helpers.entity_platform import AddEntitiesCallback
+
+from .const import DOMAIN
+from .coordinator import LocalThingsCoordinator
+from .entity import LocalThingsEntity, _is_included
+from .registry.capabilities.common import normalize_temp_unit
+from .registry.capabilities.ehs import (
+    HREF_DHW_MODE as MODE_HREF,
+)
+from .registry.capabilities.ehs import (
+    HREF_DHW_POWER as POWER_HREF,
+)
+from .registry.capabilities.ehs import (
+    HREF_DHW_TEMPERATURE as TEMPERATURE_HREF,
+)
+from .registry.entities import WaterHeaterDesc
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_MODES_FIELD = "x.com.samsung.da.modes"
+_SUPPORTED_FIELD = "x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes"
+
+# Device mode <-> HA water_heater operation state -- see module docstring.
+_DEVICE_TO_STATE: dict[str, str] = {
+    "Eco": STATE_ECO,
+    "Std": STATE_HEAT_PUMP,
+    "Force": STATE_HIGH_DEMAND,
+    "Power": STATE_PERFORMANCE,
+}
+_STATE_TO_DEVICE = {v: k for k, v in _DEVICE_TO_STATE.items()}
+
+# Read-side lookup, case-folded: this map is bijective (unlike climate.py's
+# 'Wind'/'Fan' -> FAN_ONLY), so the write side uses _STATE_TO_DEVICE
+# directly; only the read side needs to absorb a board spelling the same
+# code differently ('eco'/'ECO').
+_DEVICE_TO_STATE_CI = {k.lower(): v for k, v in _DEVICE_TO_STATE.items()}
+
+
+def _to_state(code) -> str | None:
+    if code is None:
+        return None
+    return _DEVICE_TO_STATE_CI.get(str(code).lower())
+
+
+async def async_setup_entry(
+    hass: HomeAssistant,
+    entry: ConfigEntry,
+    async_add_entities: AddEntitiesCallback,
+) -> None:
+    coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator = hass.data[DOMAIN][entry.entry_id]
+    async_add_entities(
+        LocalThingsWaterHeater(coordinator, b)
+        for b in coordinator.bound
+        if isinstance(b.desc, WaterHeaterDesc) and _is_included(b, coordinator)
+    )
+
+
+def _num(value):
+    try:
+        return float(value)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return None
+
+
+def _first(value):
+    """Samsung `modes` is a single-element list on this resource. Return the
+    first element of a list, else the value itself."""
+    if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+        return value[0] if value else None
+    return value
+
+
+class LocalThingsWaterHeater(LocalThingsEntity, WaterHeaterEntity):
+    """Composite water_heater entity for a Samsung EHS DHW loop."""
+
+    def __init__(self, coordinator: LocalThingsCoordinator, bound) -> None:
+        super().__init__(coordinator, bound)
+        # No _attr_name here: unlike climate.py's AC, this is one loop of a
+        # two-loop device and takes a catalog name through translation_key.
+        self._attr_supported_features = (
+            WaterHeaterEntityFeature.TARGET_TEMPERATURE
+            | WaterHeaterEntityFeature.OPERATION_MODE
+            | WaterHeaterEntityFeature.ON_OFF
+        )
+        # Raw device codes already logged by _warn_unmapped -- read on every
+        # refresh, so un-deduped would spam the log for an unrecognized code.
+        self._warned_unmapped: set[str] = set()
+
+    def _rep(self, href: str) -> dict:
+        """`href` is one of this module's canonical HREF_* constants,
+        translated through this bound entity's own subdevice (issue #177),
+        same as climate.py's identical helper."""
+        return self.coordinator.resource(self._bound.subdevice.to_actual(href)) or {}
+
+    def _is_on(self) -> bool:
+        return str(self._rep(POWER_HREF).get("x.com.samsung.da.power", "")).lower() == "on"
+
+    def _supported(self) -> list[str]:
+        return list(self._rep(MODE_HREF).get(_SUPPORTED_FIELD) or [])
+
+    def _warn_unmapped(self, code: str) -> None:
+        if code in self._warned_unmapped:
+            return
+        self._warned_unmapped.add(code)
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "%s: device DHW mode %r has no HA mapping and was dropped; "
+            "please file an issue with your diagnostics dump",
+            self.entity_id,
+            code,
+        )
+
+    # -- temperature --------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @property
+    def temperature_unit(self) -> str:
+        raw = self._rep(TEMPERATURE_HREF).get("x.com.samsung.da.unit")
+        return (
+            UnitOfTemperature.FAHRENHEIT
+            if normalize_temp_unit(raw, "°C") == "°F"
+            else UnitOfTemperature.CELSIUS
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def current_temperature(self):
+        return _num(self._rep(TEMPERATURE_HREF).get("x.com.samsung.da.current"))
+
+    @property
+    def target_temperature(self):
+        return _num(self._rep(TEMPERATURE_HREF).get("x.com.samsung.da.desired"))
+
+    def _range(self) -> list | None:
+        """The device's own (minimum, maximum) pair, or None. Both ends
+        together or neither -- same rule as climate._range(); a board
+        reporting only minimum would otherwise pair it with HA's own
+        default maximum, silently wrong."""
+        rep = self._rep(TEMPERATURE_HREF)
+        lo = _num(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.minimum"))
+        hi = _num(rep.get("x.com.samsung.da.maximum"))
+        return [lo, hi] if (lo is not None and hi is not None) else None
+
+    @property
+    def min_temp(self) -> float:
+        r = self._range()
+        return r[0] if r else super().min_temp
+
+    @property
+    def max_temp(self) -> float:
+        r = self._range()
+        return r[1] if r else super().max_temp
+
+    @property
+    def target_temperature_step(self) -> float:
+        # `is None`, not `or` -- `or` would collapse a genuine 0 (issue #160).
+        step = _num(self._rep(TEMPERATURE_HREF).get("x.com.samsung.da.increment"))
+        return 0.5 if step is None else step
+
+    # -- operation mode -------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @property
+    def current_operation(self) -> str | None:
+        if not self._is_on():
+            return STATE_OFF
+        code = _first(self._rep(MODE_HREF).get(_MODES_FIELD))
+        mapped = _to_state(code)
+        if code is not None and mapped is None:
+            self._warn_unmapped(code)
+        return mapped
+
+    @property
+    def operation_list(self) -> list[str]:
+        modes = [STATE_OFF]
+        for code in self._supported():
+            mapped = _to_state(code)
+            if mapped is None:
+                self._warn_unmapped(code)
+                continue
+            if mapped not in modes:
+                modes.append(mapped)
+        return modes
+
+    # -- writes ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    async def async_set_temperature(self, **kwargs) -> None:
+        # HA's water_heater.set_temperature service can carry an optional
+        # operation_mode; honor it, setting the mode first (which also
+        # powers the loop on) so a dashboard "boost to 55" button that
+        # carries a mode actually changes mode, not just the setpoint. Same
+        # fix as climate.async_set_temperature.
+        operation_mode = kwargs.get("operation_mode")
+        if operation_mode is not None:
+            await self.async_set_operation_mode(operation_mode)
+            if operation_mode == STATE_OFF:
+                return
+        temp = kwargs.get("temperature")
+        if temp is None:
+            return
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("temperature", temp))
+
+    async def async_set_operation_mode(self, operation_mode: str) -> None:
+        if operation_mode == STATE_OFF:
+            await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("power", False))
+            return
+        device = _STATE_TO_DEVICE.get(operation_mode)
+        if device is None:
+            return
+        if not self._is_on():
+            await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("power", True))
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("mode", device))
+
+    async def async_turn_on(self, **kwargs) -> None:
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("power", True))
+
+    async def async_turn_off(self, **kwargs) -> None:
+        await self.coordinator.async_send_command(self._bound, ("power", False))
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# AC filter-time counter reset: solved
+
+`registry/capabilities/airconditioner.py`'s `filter_time` sensor
+(`FilterTime_<N>` option token, tenths of an hour) has a reset entity now
+(`filter_time_reset`, issue-tracked as PR #289): a single-token options write
+of `FilterCleanAlarm_Clear` to `/mode/vs/0`, the same merge every other
+setting on that href uses. Measured on an ARTIK051_KRAC_18K: `FilterTime_95`
+(9h30m) → `FilterTime_0`, still zero on a fresh DTLS session and every poll
+after; none of the other 17 tokens moved and the `/alarms/vs/0` entries
+stayed `Deleted`.
+
+The rest of this file is kept as-is: the failed attempts below are still the
+best record of what *doesn't* work on this generation, and the reasoning
+that follows them explains why the reset looked cloud-only for as long as it
+did — a genuine trap worth knowing about before the next reset-adjacent
+mystery on this board family.
+
+## What the reset actually is
+
+A **command**, not a value write. Samsung's cloud models it as capability
+`custom.dustFilter`, command `resetDustFilter`, no arguments (implemented in
+several SmartThings HA forks; not in the core integration) — that command
+name is real, but see below for why POSTing it directly went nowhere.
+
+## Tried, all against a live unit, all failed (before the token above was found)
+
+- `FilterTime_0` via the single-token options merge that works for every
+  other setting on this href — accepted with no error, then discarded. Tried
+  on two units in opposite power states to rule out the obvious confound:
+  5595 → back to 5595 after 69s (powered off, alarm active), 1925 → back to
+  1925 after 65s (actively cooling).
+- A full `options[]` read-modify-write with `FilterTime_0` substituted,
+  instead of the single-token merge — zero fields changed anywhere.
+- A write to `/consumable/vs/0`, the board's own filter resource
+  (`items[{name: FilterProgress, state: N}]`) — discarded. `/oic/res`
+  declares that resource `oic.if.s` (read-only), which fits.
+- `/actions/vs/0` (`x.com.samsung.da.actions`, `oic.if.a`) is the obvious
+  local command channel but publishes no schema: GET returns `{}` on
+  baseline and on `oic.if.a`, and five POSTs probing the shape (empty map,
+  empty string, empty array, invalid value, items shape) all returned 4.00
+  with an empty body — no echo of accepted field names, unlike the laundry
+  firmware's `"Control fail, <...>"`. Guessed action names were deliberately
+  not enumerated against a live appliance: an unknown vocabulary on a
+  channel called "actions" can hold a factory reset next to the one we want.
+- `/hass/state/vs/0` and `/hass/command/vs/0` (advertised in `/oic/res`, and
+  `/opt/data/hass.db` exists in `/file/list`) → 4.04 on every interface, so
+  unimplemented scaffolding on this firmware.
+- `/file/transfer/vs/0` serves only `/mnt/usage.db`; selecting another path
+  returns 4.05/4.00, so the firmware can't be pulled that way to read the
+  action vocabulary out of it.
+- `/rm/micomdata/vs/0` (channel toward the MICOM board the physical panel
+  talks to) stays empty even after successfully enabling remote management.
+
+## What the failures are not
+
+Not a transport, permission, or cert problem: a control write of `rmState`
+on `/rm/state/vs/0` was accepted (2.04 Changed, value held, restored
+afterwards), and `FilterAlarmTime_` is written through the very same options
+merge and kept. Writes work; this one value just isn't driven that way.
+
+## The token, and why the dead ends below missed it
+
+`FilterCleanAlarm_Clear` is not derived from anything in this file's earlier
+attempts — how it was originally identified isn't recorded here. What is
+recorded is why the standard technique (diff the appliance's reported state
+before/after triggering the action in Samsung's app) couldn't have found it
+on its own: the token is a trigger, never stored and never echoed back in
+`x.com.samsung.da.options`, so a before/after diff of stored state shows
+only the *effects* (counter zeroing, alarm clearing) and never the token
+that caused them.
+
+## Dead ends tried before the token was known (kept for the next unrelated mystery)
+
+- The `/actions/vs/0` action vocabulary from an independent source (a
+  firmware image, or a capture of what the cloud sends the device).
+- The IR path — the physical remote has a filter reset (Options → Filter
+  Reset → SET), and IRremoteESP8266 decodes this AC family, though issue
+  #1277's dump doesn't include that button.
+
+## Evidence for the counter's direction and scale
+
+Confirmed counting *up* (running time since last reset, not remaining time):
+token 1710 matched the Samsung app's "171 hours 0 minutes" for the same
+filter (pins the tenths-of-an-hour scale); seen rising while the unit ran
+(171.0 → 171.5); and across two units on one site the `/alarms/vs/0` filter
+alarm tracks the counter in the right direction — live (`FilterAlarm`,
+`Created`) at `FilterTime_5595`, still the `FilterAlarm_OFF`/`Deleted`
+placeholder at `FilterTime_1915`, matching the app's own 500-hour threshold
+behavior. `FilterAlarmTime_` in the same options blob is that threshold (500
+on every unit on record).
+
+The entity key stays `filter_time` rather than `filter_time_elapsed`:
+renaming it would change every existing unit's `entity_id`/`unique_id` for a
+wording improvement only.
@@ -1,2 +1,38 @@
+[project]
+requires-python = ">=3.13"
+
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 asyncio_mode = "auto"
+
+[tool.ruff]
+target-version = "py313"
+line-length = 100
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = [
+    "E",     # pycodestyle errors
+    "F",     # pyflakes
+    "W",     # pycodestyle warnings
+    "I",     # isort
+    "UP",    # pyupgrade
+    "B",     # flake8-bugbear
+    "C4",    # flake8-comprehensions
+    "SIM",   # flake8-simplify
+    "RUF",   # ruff-specific
+    "ASYNC", # flake8-async
+    "LOG",   # flake8-logging
+    "G",     # flake8-logging-format
+    "PIE",   # flake8-pie
+    "RET",   # flake8-return
+    "PERF",  # perflint
+    "N",     # pep8-naming
+]
+ignore = [
+    "N818", # exception name doesn't need an Error suffix in this codebase
+]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.isort]
+known-first-party = ["custom_components"]
+
+[tool.ty.environment]
+python-version = "3.13"
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 # Test harness — pulls in home-assistant, pytest, and pytest-socket at the
-# matching versions. Current Home Assistant requires Python >= 3.14; pip will
-# resolve the newest home-assistant your interpreter supports.
+# matching versions. pip resolves the newest home-assistant your interpreter
+# supports: Python 3.13 gets 0.13.316 (the floor below), 3.14 gets newer. On
+# 3.12 or older nothing resolves and the whole install fails.
 pytest-homeassistant-custom-component>=0.13.316

 # Integration runtime deps, needed to import the component under test
 # (also declared in custom_components/localthings/manifest.json).
-smartthings-local>=0.1.0
+smartthings-local>=0.1.2
 cbor2>=5.4.6
 pyOpenSSL>=23.0
 cryptography>=41.0
+
+# Lint / format / type-check tooling, pinned to match CI.
+ruff==0.16.1
+ty==0.0.65
@@ -3,24 +3,113 @@ from pathlib import Path

 import pytest

-FIXTURES = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / 'fixtures'
+FIXTURES = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "fixtures"


 def _resources_from_dump(dump: dict) -> dict[str, dict]:
    from custom_components.localthings.registry.batch import parse_device0_batch
-    return parse_device0_batch(dump['device0'])
+
+    return parse_device0_batch(dump["device0"])


 def _load_device(name: str) -> dict[str, dict]:
-    data = json.loads((FIXTURES / f'{name}_device.json').read_text())
+    data = json.loads((FIXTURES / f"{name}_device.json").read_text())
    return _resources_from_dump(data)


+def _load_device_full(name: str):
+    """Like _load_device, but also returns the optional `oic_res`/`seeds`
+    keys a subdevice-capable fixture (issue #177) may carry alongside
+    `device0` -- see the two `airconditioner_*` fixtures with a
+    `seeds_note` field. `oic_res`/`seeds` default to `[]`/`{}` for every
+    other fixture, so this is safe to call on any fixture in the corpus.
+
+    Returns `(resources, oic_res, seeds)` where `seeds` is
+    `{seed_href: raw_batch_list}` -- the same [devcol-rep, {href, rep}, ...]
+    shape a real /device/<n> or /<id>/device/0 RETRIEVE returns, ready to
+    hand to a FakeCoapSession.
+
+    A fixture's optional `probes` map (plain Property-map resources that
+    belong to no batch, e.g. the hand-read /multidevice/vs/0 in the
+    ARTIK051_DONGLE_FAC_18K fixture) is folded into `seeds` here, since
+    FakeCoapSession answers both shapes off the same href key.
+    """
+    data = json.loads((FIXTURES / f"{name}_device.json").read_text())
+    resources = _resources_from_dump(data)
+    seeds = {**data.get("seeds", {}), **data.get("probes", {})}
+    return resources, data.get("oic_res", []), seeds
+
+
+class FakeCoapSession:
+    """Minimal stand-in for smartthings_local's DtlsCoapSession, backed by a
+    fixture's `seeds` map (raw device0-batch-shaped lists keyed by seed
+    href -- plus any `probes` entries, which are plain Property maps rather
+    than batch lists; both are just CBOR bodies at this layer, and the two
+    readers in registry.subdevices already type-check what they get back).
+    Enough surface for registry.subdevices.enumerate_subdevices and
+    LocalThingsCoordinator's blocking subdevice polls to run against fixture
+    data without a live device -- same idea as test_identity.py's
+    FakeSession, but keyed by href string (post path-join) rather than a
+    path tuple, since callers here pass a `seed_path` tuple straight
+    through.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, seeds: dict[str, list] | None = None):
+        self.seeds = seeds or {}
+
+    def get(self, path, timeout=None):
+        href = "/" + "/".join(path)
+        body = self.seeds.get(href)
+        if body is None:
+            return 0x84, b""  # 4.04 not found -- tolerated absence
+        import cbor2
+
+        return 0x45, cbor2.dumps(body)
+
+    def pace(self):
+        pass
+
+
+def _discover_full(resources: dict[str, dict], oic_res, seeds: dict[str, list]):
+    """Run the *whole* subdevice-aware discovery pipeline against fixture
+    data, HA-free -- mirrors exactly what LocalThingsCoordinator does across
+    _enumerate_subdevices_blocking + _run_discovery (issue #177), so a test
+    exercising this exercises the real code path, not a re-implementation of
+    it. See the adding-device-support skill's section 2 for the plain
+    (non-subdevice) equivalent this extends.
+
+    Returns `(bound, materialized, skipped, full_resources, device_type_name)`:
+    - `bound`: every BoundEntity, main + every materialized subdevice.
+    - `materialized`/`skipped`: Subdevice / SkippedSubdevice lists straight from
+      discover_partitioned.
+    - `full_resources`: `resources` merged with every candidate's seed data
+      (actual hrefs) -- what a coordinator's cache would hold.
+    - `device_type_name`: the master's resolved registry name.
+    """
+    from custom_components.localthings.registry.by_type import resolve
+    from custom_components.localthings.registry.registry import CAPABILITIES
+    from custom_components.localthings.registry.subdevices import (
+        discover_partitioned,
+        enumerate_subdevices,
+    )
+
+    sess = FakeCoapSession(seeds)
+    candidates, extra = enumerate_subdevices(sess, resources, oic_res)
+    full_resources = {**resources, **extra}
+    bound, device_type_name, materialized, skipped = discover_partitioned(
+        full_resources,
+        candidates,
+        resolve,
+        CAPABILITIES,
+    )
+    return bound, materialized, skipped, full_resources, device_type_name
+
+
 def _load_resources(ip: str) -> dict[str, dict]:
    """Legacy IP-based loader — maps known IPs to named fixtures."""
    _ip_to_name = {
-        '10.0.0.129': 'dishwasher',
-        '10.0.0.254': 'refrigerator',
+        "10.0.0.129": "dishwasher",
+        "10.0.0.254": "refrigerator",
    }
    name = _ip_to_name.get(ip)
    if name is None:
@@ -30,14 +119,27 @@ def _load_resources(ip: str) -> dict[str, dict]:

@pytest.fixture
 def dishwasher_resources() -> dict[str, dict]:
-    return _load_device('dishwasher')
+    return _load_device("dishwasher")


@pytest.fixture
 def fridge_resources() -> dict[str, dict]:
-    return _load_device('refrigerator')
+    return _load_device("refrigerator")


@pytest.fixture
 def washer_resources() -> dict[str, dict]:
-    return _load_device('washer')
+    return _load_device("washer")
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def all_device_fixtures() -> dict[str, dict[str, dict]]:
+    """Every scrubbed device dump, keyed by fixture name.
+
+    For invariants that must hold across the whole corpus rather than for one
+    device -- so a newly added dump exercises them automatically.
+    """
+    return {
+        path.name[: -len("_device.json")]: _resources_from_dump(json.loads(path.read_text()))
+        for path in sorted(FIXTURES.glob("*_device.json"))
+    }
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+{
+  "device0": [
+    {
+      "rt": [
+        "x.com.samsung.devcol",
+        "oic.wk.col"
+      ],
+      "if": [
+        "oic.if.baseline",
+        "oic.if.ll",
+        "oic.if.b"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/alarms/vs/0",
+      "rep": {}
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/configuration/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.region": "0000000000",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.countryCode": "VN"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/course/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes": [
+          "HOMECARE_WIZARD_V2"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.options": [
+          "DeviceType_015E",
+          "UpdateAllow_NotAllowed",
+          "Course_01",
+          "SteamPush_None",
+          "SeamlessControl_Disable",
+          "KidsLockBypass_On",
+          "WashingTimes_58",
+          "DrumCleanProposal_30",
+          "SpecialFunction_4",
+          "AvailableDelayTime_0",
+          "ProgressTimeSet_AA01E0AC00B4B20690",
+          "WrinklePreventRunning_Off",
+          "SendToDevice_Off",
+          "GMT_12",
+          "Alarm_Off",
+          "SilentSet_0F0FF0F0F0F0F0F0F0F00F0F0F0FF0F0F00FF0",
+          "Silent_Off",
+          "WrinklePreventSet_0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FF0F00F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FF0",
+          "DelayEndSet_0F0F0F0FF00F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F",
+          "OneTimeCourse_761F00200000000000000000000000",
+          "DownloadCourseList_090A0B12100C140D0F",
+          "EnergyLevelSet_0502020104030204050405020303010302010305",
+          "MostUsed_01",
+          "UsagesDB_ok",
+          "EnergyKW_396",
+          "DrumCleanLog_2024-01-01T00:00:00",
+          "TimeSync_NotSupported"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedOptions": [
+          "001020403051A1B1C0708"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/cycleinterface/vs/0",
+      "rep": {}
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/diagnosis/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagnosisStart": "Ready"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/energy/consumption/0",
+      "rep": {}
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/energy/consumption/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.instantaneousPowerUnit": "W",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.instantaneousPower": "-500",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativePower": "78200",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeUnit": "Wh",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeDate": "1785272400",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeDateUTC": "1785240000"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/file/information/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.timeoffset": "+09:00"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/information/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.modelNum": "DA_DF_A51_20_COMMON|20261441|3801010200131100020100FF00000000",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.description": "DA_DF_A51_20_COMMON_DF8600T/DC92-02656A_0018",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.serialNum": "REDACTED",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.otnDUID": "REDACTED",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.items": [
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "0",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "DA_DF_A51_20_COMMON|20261441|3801010200131100020100FF00000000",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.type": "Software",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.number": "02672A230710(E431)",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.newVersionAvailable": "0"
+          },
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "1",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "DA_DF_A51_20_COMMON",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.type": "Firmware",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.number": "20060507,20072702",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.newVersionAvailable": "0"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/kidslock/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "value": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/kidslock/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.kidsLock": "Ready"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/operational/state/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "currentMachineState": "REDACTED",
+        "machineStates": "REDACTED",
+        "jobStates": [
+          "None",
+          "Steaming",
+          "Airwashing",
+          "Drying",
+          "Finish"
+        ],
+        "currentJobState": "None",
+        "remainingTime": "00:39:00",
+        "progressPercentage": "1"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/operational/state/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.state": "Ready",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.remainingTime": "00:39:00",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.progressPercentage": "1",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.progress": "None",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.delayEndTime": "00:00:00",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedProgress": [
+          "None",
+          "Steaming",
+          "Airwashing",
+          "Drying",
+          "Finish"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/power/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "value": true
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/power/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.power": "On"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/realtimenotiforclient/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.timeforshortnoti": "10",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.periodicnotisubscription": "true"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/remotectrl/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "value": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/remotectrl/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.remoteControlEnabled": "false"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/washer/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.wrinklePrevent": "Off"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/wm/jobbeginingstatus/vs/0",
+      "rep": {}
+    }
+  ]
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+{
+  "device0": [
+    {
+      "rt": [
+        "x.com.samsung.devcol",
+        "oic.wk.col"
+      ],
+      "if": [
+        "oic.if.baseline",
+        "oic.if.ll",
+        "oic.if.b"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/airdresseroption/sanitize/vs/0",
+      "rep": {}
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/alarms/vs/0",
+      "rep": {}
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/buzzersound/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "supportedBuzzerSound": [
+          "Off",
+          "On"
+        ],
+        "setBuzzerSound": "On"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/configuration/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.region": "1117000000",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.countryCode": "KR"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/connectionconfig/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "autoReconnectionMinVersion": "1.0",
+        "autoReconnection": "true",
+        "autoReconnectionProtocolType": [
+          "helper_hotspot",
+          "ble_ocf"
+        ],
+        "supportedWiFiAuthType": [
+          "OPEN",
+          "WEP",
+          "WPA-PSK",
+          "WPA2-PSK",
+          "SAE"
+        ],
+        "supportedWiFiCryptoType": [
+          "TKIP",
+          "AES",
+          "WEP-64",
+          "WEP-128"
+        ],
+        "supportedWiFiFreq": [
+          "2.4G"
+        ],
+        "calmConnectionCare": {
+          "version": "1.0",
+          "role": [
+            "things"
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/course/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes": [
+          "HOMECARE_WIZARD_V2"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.options": [
+          "DeviceType_015E",
+          "UpdateAllow_NotAllowed",
+          "Course_01",
+          "AiOption_On",
+          "SteamPush_None",
+          "SeamlessControl_Disable",
+          "KidsLockBypass_On",
+          "FilterUsage_384001D4",
+          "WashingTimes_2",
+          "DrumCleanProposal_30",
+          "SpecialFunction_16",
+          "AvailableDelayTime_0",
+          "ProgressTimeSet_AA012CB20348",
+          "WrinklePreventRunning_Off",
+          "SendToDevice_Off",
+          "WeatherPush_On",
+          "GMT_12",
+          "DelayEndSet_0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FF0F0F0F0F0F0F0F00F0F0F0F0F",
+          "EnergyLevelSet_05020404010103040301020203020101040505050503030303030303050204050405",
+          "WrinklePreventSet_0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FF00F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FF0F0",
+          "SavingModeCondition_01010205272B2C2D2E0300",
+          "SavingMode_Off",
+          "UsagesDB_ok",
+          "DrumCleanLog_Empty"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedOptions": [
+          "10100003500000300000E00000400000A00001300000B00001200000900000C00001000003100001400001600001700002100001900002000000F00002700003000002A00002B00002C00002D00002E00001500001A00001B00001C0000070000080000"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/cycleinterface/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cycleInterfaceEnabled": "Off"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/diagnosis/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagnosisStart": "Ready"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/drlc/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "DRLevel": 0,
+        "start": "0000-00-00T00:00:00Z",
+        "duration": 0,
+        "override": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/drlc/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.drlcLevel": "0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.durationminutes": "0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.start": "0000-00-00T00:00:00Z",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.override": "Off",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.realSaving": "Off"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/energy/consumption/0",
+      "rep": {}
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/energy/consumption/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.instantaneousPower": "-500",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.instantaneousPowerUnit": "W",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativePower": "2900",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeUnit": "Wh",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeDate": "1785362400",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeDateUTC": "1785330000",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeSavedPower": "0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/file/information/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.timeoffset": "+00:00"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/information/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.modelNum": "DA_DF_TP1_21_COMMON|20313841|380101020016111F42C3000200010000",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.description": "DA_DF_TP1_21_COMMON_DF3000B/DC92-03252A_0002",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.serialNum": "REDACTED",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.otnDUID": "REDACTED",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagProtocolType": "BLE_OCF",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagLogType": [
+          "errCode",
+          "dump"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagDumpType": "file",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagEndPoint": "SSM",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagMnid": "0AJT",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagSetupid": "WA0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagMinVersion": "3.0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagTsId": "DA01",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.items": [
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "0",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "DA_DF_TP1_21_COMMON|20313841|380101020016111F42C3000200010000",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.type": "Software",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.number": "03101A260513(A440)",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.newVersionAvailable": "0"
+          },
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "1",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "Firmware_1_DB_20313841241127210FFFFF203252412402215804FFFF(015E2031384120325241_30241204)(FileDown:0)(Type:0)",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.type": "Firmware",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.number": "03138A24112721,03252A24022158",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.newVersionAvailable": "0"
+          },
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "2",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "Firmware_2_DB_2031574122122007043FFF2032114122122704042FFF(015E2031574120321141_30000000)(FileDown:0)(Type:0)",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.type": "Firmware",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.number": "03157A22122007,03211A22122704"
+          },
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "3",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "Firmware_3_DB_20303242000000020AFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF(015E20303242FFFFFFFF_30000000)(FileDown:0)(Type:0)",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.type": "Firmware",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.number": "03032B00000002,FFFFFFFFFFFFFF"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/kidslock/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "value": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/kidslock/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.kidsLock": "Ready"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/operational/state/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "currentMachineState": "REDACTED",
+        "machineStates": "REDACTED",
+        "jobStates": [
+          "None",
+          "Steaming",
+          "Airwashing",
+          "Drying",
+          "Finish"
+        ],
+        "currentJobState": "None",
+        "remainingTime": "00:35:00",
+        "progressPercentage": "1"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/operational/state/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.state": "Ready",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.remainingTime": "00:35:00",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.progressPercentage": "1",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.progress": "None",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.delayEndTime": "00:00:00",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedProgress": [
+          "None",
+          "Steaming",
+          "Airwashing",
+          "Drying",
+          "Finish"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/otninformation/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.target": "",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.newVersionAvailable": "false",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.newVersionNo": "00000000",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.currentVersionInfo": "00000000",
+        "otnStatus": "None",
+        "flashingProgress": "",
+        "otnTarget": "main",
+        "otnCompleteDate": "2026-07-07",
+        "otnList": [
+          {
+            "type": "WIFI",
+            "modelId": "DA_DF_TP1_21_COMMON",
+            "versions": [
+              "30260513"
+            ],
+            "visVersion": "260513"
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "Micom",
+            "modelId": "015E2031384120325241",
+            "versions": [
+              "24112721",
+              "24022158"
+            ],
+            "visVersion": "241127"
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "Micom",
+            "modelId": "015E2031574120321141",
+            "versions": [
+              "22122007",
+              "22122704"
+            ],
+            "visVersion": "221227"
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "Micom",
+            "modelId": "015E20303242FFFFFFFF",
+            "versions": [
+              "2",
+              "FFFFFFFF"
+            ],
+            "visVersion": "2"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/power/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "value": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/power/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.power": "Off"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/quickcontrol/info/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "supportedVersion": "1.0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/realtimenotiforclient/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.timeforshortnoti": "0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.periodicnotisubscription": "true"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/remotectrl/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "value": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/remotectrl/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.remoteControlEnabled": "false"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/st/airdressercourse/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.st.airdresserMode": "Table_00_Course_01",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.st.courseTable": "Table_00"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/timezone/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "timezoneid": "Asia/Seoul",
+        "offset": "+09:00",
+        "DST": "OFF"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/washer/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.wrinklePrevent": "Off"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/wirelessinfo/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "macaddressWiFi": "REDACTED",
+        "macaddressBLE": "REDACTED"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/wm/editcourse/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.editCourseList": "EditCourseList_0135030E040A130B12090C10311416172119200F27302A2B2C2D2E151A1B1C0708",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.fixedCourseList": "FixedCourseList_01270F"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/wm/jobbeginingstatus/vs/0",
+      "rep": {}
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/wm/personalcourse/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.courses": [
+          "F1_00",
+          "F2_00",
+          "F3_00",
+          "F4_00",
+          "F5_00",
+          "F6_00",
+          "F7_00",
+          "F8_00",
+          "F9_00",
+          "FA_00"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.maxCourseNum": "10"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/wm/setinfo/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.isModelSettingWithoutSC": "false",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.aiCourse": "false",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.isModelSettingPowerOnOff": "true",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.modelCode": "M(None),W(None)"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/wm/welcomemsg/vs/0",
+      "rep": {}
+    }
+  ]
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+{
+  "device0": [
+    {
+      "rt": [
+        "x.com.samsung.devcol",
+        "oic.wk.col"
+      ],
+      "if": [
+        "oic.if.baseline",
+        "oic.if.ll",
+        "oic.if.b"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/airdresseroption/sanitize/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.sanitize": "Off",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedSanitize": [
+          "On",
+          "Off"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/alarms/vs/0",
+      "rep": {}
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/configuration/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.region": "3171000000",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.countryCode": "KR"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/course/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedModes": [
+          "HOMECARE_WIZARD_V2"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.options": [
+          "DeviceType_015E",
+          "UpdateAllow_NotAllowed",
+          "Course_22",
+          "AiOption_On",
+          "SteamPush_None",
+          "SeamlessControl_Disable",
+          "KidsLockBypass_On",
+          "FilterUsage_384019D5",
+          "WashingTimes_6",
+          "DrumCleanProposal_30",
+          "ProgressTimeSet_AA01A4AC00F0B20690",
+          "WrinklePreventRunning_Off",
+          "SendToDevice_Off",
+          "WeatherPush_Off",
+          "GMT_12",
+          "Alarm_Off",
+          "WrinklePreventSet_0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FF00F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FF0F0",
+          "DelayEndSet_0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FF0F0F00F0F0FF0F0F0F0F00F0F",
+          "EnergyLevelSet_0502010102010202030303010401040505050503030502040503030303030405",
+          "UsagesDB_ok",
+          "DrumCleanLog_2023-04-02T08:08:55|2023-10-02T03:38:19|2024-05-26T03:25:41|2024-10-01T01:07:20|2026-06-16T02:23:29"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedOptions": [
+          "12261062361020E61020961021261020C61021E61020B61021061020A61061461021361061661022462062562062F62062062040F62042761023061021561021A61021B61021C61022A61022B61022C61022D61022E6102076102086102"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/cycleinterface/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cycleInterfaceEnabled": "Off"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/diagnosis/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagnosisStart": "Ready"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/energy/consumption/0",
+      "rep": {}
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/energy/consumption/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.instantaneousPower": "-500",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.instantaneousPowerUnit": "W",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativePower": "63600",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeUnit": "Wh",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeDate": "1784404800",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.cumulativeDateUTC": "1784372400"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/file/information/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.timeoffset": "+09:00"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/information/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.modelNum": "DA_DF_TP2_20_COMMON|20286141|380101010015110F0201000100010000",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.description": "DA_DF_TP2_20_COMMON_DF9500A/DC92-02888A_0002",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.serialNum": "REDACTED",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.otnDUID": "REDACTED",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagProtocolType": "WIFI_HTTPS",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagLogType": [
+          "errCode",
+          "dump"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagDumpType": "file",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagEndPoint": "SSM",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagMnid": "0AJT",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagSetupid": "A00",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.diagMinVersion": "1.0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.items": [
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "0",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "DA_DF_TP2_20_COMMON|20286141|380101010015110F0201000100010000",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.type": "Software",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.number": "02673A250416(F822)",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.newVersionAvailable": "0"
+          },
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "1",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "Firmware_1_DB",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.type": "Firmware",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.number": "21020115,23030652",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.newVersionAvailable": "0"
+          },
+          {
+            "x.com.samsung.da.id": "2",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.description": "Firmware_2_DB",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.type": "Firmware",
+            "x.com.samsung.da.number": "19111852,FFFFFFFF"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/kidslock/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "value": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/kidslock/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.kidsLock": "Ready"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/operational/state/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "currentMachineState": "REDACTED",
+        "machineStates": "REDACTED",
+        "jobStates": [
+          "None",
+          "Steaming",
+          "Airwashing",
+          "Drying",
+          "Finish"
+        ],
+        "currentJobState": "None",
+        "remainingTime": "00:39:00",
+        "progressPercentage": "1"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/operational/state/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.state": "Ready",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.remainingTime": "00:39:00",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.progressPercentage": "1",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.progress": "None",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.delayEndTime": "00:00:00",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.supportedProgress": [
+          "None",
+          "Steaming",
+          "Airwashing",
+          "Drying",
+          "Finish"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/otninformation/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.target": "Micom",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.newVersionAvailable": "false"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/power/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "value": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/power/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.power": "Off"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/realtimenotiforclient/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.timeforshortnoti": "0",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.periodicnotisubscription": "true"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/remotectrl/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "value": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/remotectrl/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.remoteControlEnabled": "false"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/st/airdressercourse/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.st.airdresserMode": "Table_00_Course_22",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.st.courseTable": "Table_00"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/washer/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.wrinklePrevent": "Off"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/wm/editcourse/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.editCourseList": "EditCourseList_22230C10252F0F0E09121E0B0A14131624202730151A1B1C2A2B2C2D2E0708",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.fixedCourseList": "FixedCourseList_22270F"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/wm/jobbeginingstatus/vs/0",
+      "rep": {}
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/wm/personalcourse/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.courses": [
+          "F1_00",
+          "F2_00",
+          "F3_00",
+          "F4_00",
+          "F5_00",
+          "F6_00",
+          "F7_00",
+          "F8_00",
+          "F9_00",
+          "FA_00"
+        ],
+        "x.com.samsung.da.maxCourseNum": "10"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/wm/setinfo/vs/0",
+      "rep": {
+        "x.com.samsung.da.isModelSettingWithoutSC": "false",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.aiCourse": "false",
+        "x.com.samsung.da.isModelSettingPowerOnOff": "true"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "href": "/wm/welcomemsg/vs/0",
+      "rep": {}
+    }
+  ]
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More